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自然科學 -雪
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自然科學 -雪
1.
︱自然科學報告
「雪」 Snow 學號︱ 10060514 姓名︱蔡靜恩
2.
何謂「雪」 ? •在地球上,海洋和地面上的水受熱蒸發到天空 中,當它們遇到冷空氣後會形成降水,然後再 重新回到地球表面。 •降水分為兩種: 1. 液態降水-下雨 2.
固態降水-下雪或下冰雹等 •雪是水在固態的一種形式。
3.
「霜」與 「雪」 絕對不會有的千年瓦上霜 霜 其實不是下的,而是凝結而成的,像冰箱冷凍庫裡結的就是霜,所以我們 通常稱它為結霜。霜,形成的條件是在秋冬季,當天空晴朗無雲的夜,地 表散熱非常快,當氣溫降到零度或以下時,此時附著在草地、樹葉、屋頂 、窗戶的玻璃上的水蒸氣,便會凝結成霜。因為它是非常細的水結晶,當 氣溫回升,很快就融化,所以欣賞霜景必定是在清晨,氣溫尚未回升之際。 結霜必須是天氣冷而乾 。
4.
5.
「霜」與 「雪」 雪 冬季時,在二或三千公尺以上的高空,水汽常凝結成細細冰晶,如寒流或 強盛冷空氣挾帶充足水汽壓境時,足以使冰晶結合成密度較大的雪花或雪 片 (
六角型的冰晶 ) ,加上地面溫度低於 0℃ 以下時,如此冰晶從高空一 路飄散下來,可保持其完整性,而形成雪花紛飛,下雪景況。若雪堆積的 夠多時,最後會因擠壓而成冰。像在高山終年處低溫,冰雪不易融化,而 擠壓成冰,就形成冰河 ( 冰川 ) 。
6.
7.
美麗的雪花 • 雪花是在雲內由微小的冰晶互撞黏在一起後形成豐富
多樣的形狀。 • 沒有兩個雪花是完全相同的,但雪花仍然謹守著最初 的冰晶基本的六角形對稱標準結構。 • 透過顯微鏡可以看見雪花錯綜複雜的構造大多都是六 角形的,而雪花的中心一定呈現出對稱的六角形,它 之所以有這樣的形狀,是因為它要在平面上以最有效 率的方式佈置。
8.
顯微鏡下的雪花
9.
「有經霜雪有逢春」 ,這是一句台灣氣象古諺。 霜雪對農作物的好處: 一、保暖作用 就像棉絮,霜雪裡含有大量空氣,而空氣不易傳熱,所以地面上有霜雪時,可以減少土壤熱量的 外傳,阻擋寒氣之侵入,提高土壤的溫度。 二、防旱 霜雪可減少土壤水分蒸發,且融化時可以供給土壤水分,有助於防止春旱。 三、肥田 霜雪和空氣的接觸面大,從空氣中吸附大量的氨、硫化氫、二氧化碳、二氧化硫等浮游氣體,變 成氮化物。當霜雪融化時,這些氮化物會隨著霜雪水一起滲入土中,如同給土壤施肥。 四、除去害蟲 霜雪阻塞了地表空氣的流通,悶死一部分害蟲。霜雪融化時,要耗去不少熱量,土壤溫度降低, 可以將土壤表面及作物根部的一些害蟲和蟲卵凍死。 五、增加糧食之產量 霜雪融化之水可以浸種、拌種,使農作物收成增加,這是因為雪水含重水少之故。根據試驗,使 用霜雪融化之水浸種,可以提高發芽率百分之四十 。
10.
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