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Óptica Escuela De Verano
2013
La Física Y Aspectos
Sociales De Energía Solar
DR. RODGER EVANS
INVESTIGADOR PRINCIPAL DE LEARS
(LABORATORIO DE ENERGÍA ALTERNA, RENOVABLE, SOSTENIBLE)
DET, CICESE
JULIO 30 2013
Thursday, August 22, 13
Objectivo
Thursday, August 22, 13
1. Aprender Fisica Básica
2. Intender Energía Solar
3. Saber Sobre LEARS Y CICESE
Thursday, August 22, 13
Temas
• Termodinámica
• Geometría esférica
• Energia en sociedad
Thursday, August 22, 13
Leyes De Fisica
• ¿Quien es el juez?
Thursday, August 22, 13
Termodinámica
• Calor Q
• Energía interno U*
• Capacidad de calor
Thursday, August 22, 13
notes pp. 45, internal energy, measure change
Heat capacity, pp 46
Intensivo : Extensivo
• Intensivo
• independiente de extenso de sistema (T, p, µ) (V/m=ν=1/𝜌
volumen especifica )
• Extensivo
• aditivo para independente, no interactando subsistemas (m, V,
G)
Thursday, August 22, 13
Termodinamica
• Leyes
• 0: A=B, B=C => A=C
• 1: energía interna de sistema aislado es constante
• 2: calor no puede mover de un lugar frío a caliente. Incremento
de entropía, máximo a equilibrio
• 3: cero absoluto, entropía mínimo, todo proceso dejan de
funcionar
Thursday, August 22, 13
Motores De Calor
• Conversion de calor a trabajo
• e.g. ciclo Carnot
Thursday, August 22, 13
draw pics from pp 48
Carnot cycle, pp 50
Conceptos
• fuerza
• energía
• acción
• trabajo
• entropia S = kB logW
Apath
~
=
S
kB
Thursday, August 22, 13
action is from Lecture 2 notes
relation of action and entropy Condensed Matter Physics, 2005, Vol. 8, No. 4(44), pp. 655–664 , J. P. Badiali
Energia En Sociedad
Thursday, August 22, 13
switch presentations to E&SenenrgiaContempranio.key
Geomotria Esferica
• control de ángulo
• 2 dimensiones
Thursday, August 22, 13
Geometría Esférica
Thursday, August 22, 13
Thursday, August 22, 13
Thursday, August 22, 13
cos a = cos b cos c + sin b sin c cos A• formula coseno
• formula seno
• formula analógica
• formula de cuatro
partes
sinA
sina
=
sinB
sinb
=
sinC
sinc
sin a cos B = cos b sin c sin b cos c cos A
cos a cos C = sin a cot b sin C cot B
Thursday, August 22, 13
EL SOL
Thursday, August 22, 13
El Sol
• fuente de fotones
• vacío
• campo magnético del tierra
• atmósfera
Thursday, August 22, 13
Radiación De Cuerpo
Negro
• Planck's law of black-body radiation
• Wien's displacement law
• Stefan–Boltzmann law
I(⌫, T) =
2h⌫3
c2
1
e
h⌫
kT 1
max =
b
T
= 5.67 ⇥ 10 8
Wm 2
K 4
j⇤
= T4
Thursday, August 22, 13
Thursday, August 22, 13
Thursday, August 22, 13
Irradiancia Solar
• Distancia sol-tierra
• órbita elíptica
• atmósfera
• latitud
• fecha
• actividad solar
• años
Thursday, August 22, 13
El Sol Y Atmósfera
Thursday, August 22, 13
Mapa De Irradiación
Thursday, August 22, 13
Actividad Solar
Thursday, August 22, 13
Actividad Solar
Thursday, August 22, 13
Solar
Thursday, August 22, 13
Convertidores
• Foto-térmico
• Foto-voltaico
• Foto-uso
Thursday, August 22, 13
Foto-termico
• Cuerpo negro
• transmisión, absorción, reflexión
• absorción, emisividad
Thursday, August 22, 13
VISIBLE Y INFRAROJO
usando la frecuencia de luz
cuerpo gris j⇤
= ✏ T4
Thursday, August 22, 13
Temperatura Maximo
• equilibrio entre energía entrando y saliendo
• E.g. colector plano
Thursday, August 22, 13
Temperatura Maximo
• equilibrio entre energía entrando y saliendo
• E.g. colector plano
q = kA
@T
@x
Thursday, August 22, 13
Temperatura Maximo
• equilibrio entre energía entrando y saliendo
• E.g. colector plano
q = kA
@T
@x
q = A(T4
1 T4
2 )
Thursday, August 22, 13
Temperatura Maximo
• equilibrio entre energía entrando y saliendo
• E.g. colector plano
q = kA
@T
@x
q = hA(T1 T2)
q = A(T4
1 T4
2 )
Thursday, August 22, 13
Temperatura Maximo
• equilibrio entre energía entrando y saliendo
• E.g. colector plano
q = kA
@T
@x
q = hA(T1 T2)
q = A(T4
1 T4
2 )
conducción
Thursday, August 22, 13
Temperatura Maximo
• equilibrio entre energía entrando y saliendo
• E.g. colector plano
q = kA
@T
@x
q = hA(T1 T2)
q = A(T4
1 T4
2 )
conducción
radiación
Thursday, August 22, 13
Temperatura Maximo
• equilibrio entre energía entrando y saliendo
• E.g. colector plano
q = kA
@T
@x
q = hA(T1 T2)
q = A(T4
1 T4
2 )
conducción
radiación
convección
Thursday, August 22, 13
Usos De Calor
Thursday, August 22, 13
ful for
olar
pes
, or
made
well,
good
SOLAR COOKER
BASICS
cook food. Collecting more sunlight
provides more power; this is bal-
Figure 1 Panel Cooker The “Cookit” panel cooker is simple but effective
SOURCE:JUDYPEARSON
conversión
Thursday, August 22, 13
COOKING WITH THE SUN! P.2
A
h
ly
Parabolic designs, illustrated in fig-
ure 3, have a dish reflector with a
parabolic shape that reflects sunlight
As you can see from these examples,
solar cooker designers have been
Figure 3 Parabolic
Cooker Parabolic solar
cookers produce concen-
trated heat
conversión
Thursday, August 22, 13
many kinds of solar cookers. Perhaps
the simplest solar cooker is the
“Cookit” shown in Figure 1. It con-
absorption. Box cookers behave
much like conventional ovens oper-
ating at medium temperatures.
into a focal region
vessel, usually dar
placed. Dependin
reflector, very hig
be reached. Such
large solar collecti
fore high power; b
do not have an in
chamber, so they
to a conventional
Some cooker desi
high concentratio
cooker with an in
chamber. Such de
centrator ovens, c
tional oven in per
shows one such u
RENEWABLE ENERGY
THE INFINITE POWER
OF TEXAS
Figure 2 Box cooker Box cookers are excellent for slow
cooking
SOURCE:JUDYPEARSON
conversión
Thursday, August 22, 13
El Paso solar
pond
70 kW
Organic Rankin
cycle
Thursday, August 22, 13
El Paso solar pond; 70 kW Organic Rankin cycle
Isreal; Ormat, 150 kW
El Paso solar
pond
70 kW
Organic Rankin
cycle
Isreal;
Ormat, 150 kW
Organic
Rankin
cycle
Thursday, August 22, 13
El Paso solar pond; 70 kW Organic Rankin cycle
Isreal; Ormat, 150 kW
conversión
Thursday, August 22, 13
conversión
Thursday, August 22, 13
conversión
Thursday, August 22, 13
!"#$%&'(#)%"*+%#)*,)-"#!%
./0)*+%#)*,)-"#!% #1/23%"*+%#)*,)-"#!%
+-)'(#)%"*+%#)*,)-"#!%
<.''+%+()&9+$9"($#&*+$)&9)"%$0+&)+:*("#"0.+9
conversión
Thursday, August 22, 13
Motor Stirling
Convertador
termal-
mechanica
alta eficiencia
Dificil a
fabricar
Alta pression
conversión
Thursday, August 22, 13
Sandia Nation Labs
stirling engine
conversión
Thursday, August 22, 13
conversión
Thursday, August 22, 13
Foto-voltaico
• semiconductor tipo N y P
• Circuito equivalente
• Corriente
• Potencia maximo
Thursday, August 22, 13
EFECTO DE TEMPERATURA
Thursday, August 22, 13
Foto-voltaico
• usos
• directo, bombas de agua
• pilas, PPPT
• inversor interconectado a red (Grid-Tie)
Thursday, August 22, 13
PRAESENT COMMODO CURSUS MAGNA.
Thursday, August 22, 13
PRAESENT COMMODO CURSUS MAGNA.
Thursday, August 22, 13
RASTREADOR SOLAR
Thursday, August 22, 13
SEGUIMIENTO SOLAR: POSICIÓN
Thursday, August 22, 13
Óptica
Thursday, August 22, 13
Concentración
Óptica
ópticia
Thursday, August 22, 13
Concentración
Óptica
ópticia
Thursday, August 22, 13
Thursday, August 22, 13
Scheffler Reflector; off-axis parábola
Thursday, August 22, 13
2D optical concentration
Thursday, August 22, 13
Thursday, August 22, 13
Thursday, August 22, 13
Thursday, August 22, 13
Thursday, August 22, 13
Thursday, August 22, 13
Thursday, August 22, 13
HORNO SOLAR
Thursday, August 22, 13
HORNO SOLAR
Thursday, August 22, 13

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La Física y aspectos sociales de Energía Solar