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Ch07
- 1. Health Promotion StrategiesHealth Promotion Strategies
Through the Life SpanThrough the Life Span
Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Health Promotion Strategies Through the Life Span, Eighth Edition
Ruth Beckmann Murray, Judith Proctor Zentner, and Richard Yakimo
Chapter 7
Spiritual and Religious Influences
- 2. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Health Promotion Strategies Through the Life Span, Eighth Edition
Ruth Beckmann Murray, Judith Proctor Zentner, and Richard Yakimo
Definition of ReligionDefinition of Religion
Belief in a supernatural or divine force that
commands worship and obedience
Personal and institutional system of beliefs
Comprehensive code of ethics or
philosophy
Set of practices that are followed
Church affiliation
Not synonymous with spirituality
- 3. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Health Promotion Strategies Through the Life Span, Eighth Edition
Ruth Beckmann Murray, Judith Proctor Zentner, and Richard Yakimo
Definition of SpiritualityDefinition of Spirituality
Quality that goes beyond religious
affiliation
Includes reverence, awe, meaning, and
purpose
Permeates all life
Involves harmony with the universe
Sustains during stress, illness, or death
Defined differently by various cultures
- 4. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Health Promotion Strategies Through the Life Span, Eighth Edition
Ruth Beckmann Murray, Judith Proctor Zentner, and Richard Yakimo
Ways to Foster SpiritualityWays to Foster Spirituality
Foster connectedness
Affirm others with love and quality
interpersonal nurse-client relationships
Enable hope
Gain transcendence over situation
Be present to person
- 5. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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Health Promotion Strategies Through the Life Span, Eighth Edition
Ruth Beckmann Murray, Judith Proctor Zentner, and Richard Yakimo
Ways to Foster Spirituality cont.Ways to Foster Spirituality cont.
Foster reconciliation
Share near-death mystical experiences
Support client’s desire to either let go or
struggle to live
Help family and client prepare for death
- 6. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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Health Promotion Strategies Through the Life Span, Eighth Edition
Ruth Beckmann Murray, Judith Proctor Zentner, and Richard Yakimo
Spiritual CareSpiritual Care
Important to client and family health
– Church attendance may add 7 years to the
Caucasian’s lifespan
– Church attendance may add 14 years to the
life span of an African American
Others studies also show positive effects
of spiritual care
- 7. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Health Promotion Strategies Through the Life Span, Eighth Edition
Ruth Beckmann Murray, Judith Proctor Zentner, and Richard Yakimo
NeotheologyNeotheology
New field of research that examines
biological basis of spirituality
Scientists study whether or not some are
predisposed to mystical experiences
– Genetics
– Temperament
– Environment
- 8. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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Health Promotion Strategies Through the Life Span, Eighth Edition
Ruth Beckmann Murray, Judith Proctor Zentner, and Richard Yakimo
Common CharacteristicsCommon Characteristics
of World Religionsof World Religions
World view or way of perceiving reality
Basis of authority or source of power
Portion of scripture of sacred word
Ethical code that defines right and wrong
Psychology and identity
Aspirations or expectations
Ideas about what follows death
- 9. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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Health Promotion Strategies Through the Life Span, Eighth Edition
Ruth Beckmann Murray, Judith Proctor Zentner, and Richard Yakimo
Alpha GroupAlpha Group
Includes Christianity, Judaism, and Islam
Adhere to Biblical revelation of
supernatural
Monotheistic God
Make covenants and obey God’s
commands
People are “doers”
Have historical fixed scripture
- 10. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
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Health Promotion Strategies Through the Life Span, Eighth Edition
Ruth Beckmann Murray, Judith Proctor Zentner, and Richard Yakimo
Beta GroupBeta Group
Includes Buddhism and Hinduism
Root in Indian soil
World view is pantheistic
Interested in “being” rather than “doing”
Look inside themselves for answers as
opposed to God’s commands
Collective literature for private devotion
- 11. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
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Health Promotion Strategies Through the Life Span, Eighth Edition
Ruth Beckmann Murray, Judith Proctor Zentner, and Richard Yakimo
Gamma GroupGamma Group
Includes Taoism, Confucianism, and
Shintoism
Try to be in harmony with world around
them
Scripture if family affair
Described as simple in faith, spontaneous,
and straightforward in feelings of affection
for people, plants, and animals
- 12. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
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Health Promotion Strategies Through the Life Span, Eighth Edition
Ruth Beckmann Murray, Judith Proctor Zentner, and Richard Yakimo
HinduismHinduism
Most expressive and universal word of God
is Om
Trinity consists of Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva
All religions recognized as valid
Brahman is the Divine Intelligence, the
Supreme reality
Spiritual quest toward uniting inner and real
self
– Takes place in stages
- 13. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
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Health Promotion Strategies Through the Life Span, Eighth Edition
Ruth Beckmann Murray, Judith Proctor Zentner, and Richard Yakimo
Hinduism cont.Hinduism cont.
Figure 7-1:
Gita is a way of life
- 14. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
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Health Promotion Strategies Through the Life Span, Eighth Edition
Ruth Beckmann Murray, Judith Proctor Zentner, and Richard Yakimo
SikhismSikhism
Three commandments
– Meditate on God’s name
– Earn an honest living
– Share with others and treat everyone equally
Interested in promoting community
- 15. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
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Health Promotion Strategies Through the Life Span, Eighth Edition
Ruth Beckmann Murray, Judith Proctor Zentner, and Richard Yakimo
BuddhismBuddhism
4 noble truths include the following
– Life is disjointed or out of balance
– Cause of this imbalance is ignorance of one’s
own true nature
– Removal of this ignorance is attained by
reaching Nirvana
– Get to Nirvana through the eightfold path
Right knowledge; right intentions; right speech;
right conduct; right means of livelihood; right effort;
right mindfulness; concentration
- 16. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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Health Promotion Strategies Through the Life Span, Eighth Edition
Ruth Beckmann Murray, Judith Proctor Zentner, and Richard Yakimo
Jainism and ShintoismJainism and Shintoism
Jainism
– Main tenet is
refusal to hurt any
living thing
– Some renounce all
earthly
possessions while
others allow
clothing.
– They believe every
living thing has a
soul
Shintoism
– Worships
emperors,
ancestors, ancient
heroes, and nature
– Feel intense loyalty
and devotion
nature and the
ancestral sprits
there
– Simple rites are
common
- 17. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
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Health Promotion Strategies Through the Life Span, Eighth Edition
Ruth Beckmann Murray, Judith Proctor Zentner, and Richard Yakimo
TaoismTaoism
Uses the yin-yang symbol
– A circle representing the absolute
– Two tear shapes fit together to form a circle;
each has a small dot in the color of the other
shape
– Yang is positive or masculine—dry, hot,
active, moving, and light.
– Yin is feminine or negative—wet, cold,
passive, restful, and empty
- 18. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
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Health Promotion Strategies Through the Life Span, Eighth Edition
Ruth Beckmann Murray, Judith Proctor Zentner, and Richard Yakimo
ConfucianismConfucianism
Based on teaching of Confucius who is not
revered as a god
5 important terms
– Jen
– Chun-sui
– Li
– Te
– Wen
- 19. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
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Health Promotion Strategies Through the Life Span, Eighth Edition
Ruth Beckmann Murray, Judith Proctor Zentner, and Richard Yakimo
IslamIslam
Followers called Muslims
Believe there is no God but Allah;
Mohammad or Muhammad in His Prophet
Believe in a final judgment day when
everyone will either be sent to Paradise or
the fire of hell
Believe people are responsible for their
own good and bad actions
Pray 5 to 7 times a day
- 20. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
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Health Promotion Strategies Through the Life Span, Eighth Edition
Ruth Beckmann Murray, Judith Proctor Zentner, and Richard Yakimo
JudaismJudaism
Expectation to contribute to others’ needs
Study the Torah and the Talmud
Menorah is a seven-branched
candelabrum; parts stand for the creation of
the universe in seven days, the Sabbath,
and the presence of God in the Temple
Celebrations and holidays include Bar
Mitzvah, Bat Mitzvah, Rosh Hashanah, and
Yom Kippur
- 21. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
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Health Promotion Strategies Through the Life Span, Eighth Edition
Ruth Beckmann Murray, Judith Proctor Zentner, and Richard Yakimo
ChristianityChristianity
Use cross to symbolize redemption
Believe in three persons—Father, Son,
and the Holy Spirit
Believe Jesus Christ is God’s son
Believe they are acceptable to God
because of Jesus Christ’s life and death
Observe holidays such as Christmas and
Easter
Hope for life with God after death
- 22. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
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Health Promotion Strategies Through the Life Span, Eighth Edition
Ruth Beckmann Murray, Judith Proctor Zentner, and Richard Yakimo
North American Indian ReligionsNorth American Indian Religions
Include Supreme Being, guardian spirits,
medicine men, culture hero
Include activities such as fasting, rituals,
myth telling, prayers, and offerings
Practice Shamanism
Desire harmony and spiritual balances in
their relations with the supernatural
powers
- 23. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
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Health Promotion Strategies Through the Life Span, Eighth Edition
Ruth Beckmann Murray, Judith Proctor Zentner, and Richard Yakimo
North American Indian Religions cont.North American Indian Religions cont.
Figure 7-2:
Wakan Tanka
- 24. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
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Health Promotion Strategies Through the Life Span, Eighth Edition
Ruth Beckmann Murray, Judith Proctor Zentner, and Richard Yakimo
Roman CatholicismRoman Catholicism
Believe people are made in image of God
Believe Pope continues the mission
handed down by Jesus and the apostles
7 sacraments: Baptism, Confirmation,
Holy Orders, Matrimony, Penance,
Eucharist, and Anointing of the Sick
Believe bread and wine become body and
blood of Christ during Mass
- 25. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
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Health Promotion Strategies Through the Life Span, Eighth Edition
Ruth Beckmann Murray, Judith Proctor Zentner, and Richard Yakimo
Eastern OrthodoxEastern Orthodox
Divided into groups by nationality
No Pope
Receive same seven sacraments as
Catholics with slight variations
Fasting is common
Believe insights gained directly from God
Saint Nicholas is one of most honored
saints
- 26. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
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Health Promotion Strategies Through the Life Span, Eighth Edition
Ruth Beckmann Murray, Judith Proctor Zentner, and Richard Yakimo
ProtestantProtestant
Believe that God has not given any one
person or group the sole authority to
interpret His truth to others
Freedom of spiritual searching and
reinterpretation
Sacraments include Baptism and
Communion
Many denominations including Lutherans,
Presbyterians, and Methodists
- 27. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
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Health Promotion Strategies Through the Life Span, Eighth Edition
Ruth Beckmann Murray, Judith Proctor Zentner, and Richard Yakimo
Many Other Christian GroupsMany Other Christian Groups
Seventh-Day Adventists
The Church for Jesus Christ of Latter-Day
Saints (Mormons)
Church of Christ, Scientist
The Society of Friends (Quakers)
The Unity School of Christianity
Mennonites
Neo-Pentecostalists
- 28. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
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Health Promotion Strategies Through the Life Span, Eighth Edition
Ruth Beckmann Murray, Judith Proctor Zentner, and Richard Yakimo
Hinduism and SikhismHinduism and Sikhism
Believe self-centered focus can cause
illness
Strive for moderation in eating and other
body functions
Believe body is merely a vehicle
Believe death and rebirth to be
synonymous
Practice meditation and yoga
- 29. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
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Health Promotion Strategies Through the Life Span, Eighth Edition
Ruth Beckmann Murray, Judith Proctor Zentner, and Richard Yakimo
BuddhismBuddhism
If someone is ill, the family
– Conducts elaborate rites
– Keeps a well family member at hospital to
care for the ill
Rebirth after death
– Quality of life dependent on whether person
lived disciplined or undisciplined life
– Elderly encouraged to prepare for rebirth
- 30. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
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Health Promotion Strategies Through the Life Span, Eighth Edition
Ruth Beckmann Murray, Judith Proctor Zentner, and Richard Yakimo
TaoismTaoism
Idea that yang and ying forces are
embodied in body parts and affect food
preferences and eating habits
Relaxed philosophy of life
Death is a natural part of life
Special ceremonies or rules for family left
behind
- 31. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
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Health Promotion Strategies Through the Life Span, Eighth Edition
Ruth Beckmann Murray, Judith Proctor Zentner, and Richard Yakimo
ConfucianismConfucianism
Believe they cannot harm their bodies
because they were given to them by their
parents
Immediate family includes grandparents,
aunts, uncles, and cousins
Important to care for their bodies in order
to care for family, country, and universe
- 32. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
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Health Promotion Strategies Through the Life Span, Eighth Edition
Ruth Beckmann Murray, Judith Proctor Zentner, and Richard Yakimo
IslamIslam
Emphasis on cleanliness
Fast during the month of Ramadan
(Ramazan)
Do not eat pork or pork products or do
things that might harm their body (drink,
use drugs)
Planning ahead is not valued
Do not perform autopsies, embalm, or use
caskets
- 33. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
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Health Promotion Strategies Through the Life Span, Eighth Edition
Ruth Beckmann Murray, Judith Proctor Zentner, and Richard Yakimo
JudaismJudaism
During Sabbath, Orthodox Jews may
refuse freshly cooked food, medicine,
treatment, surgery, or technology
Women may practice rite of mikvah
Food needs to be kosher
Preoccupied with health and future-
oriented
Death is final for many Jews
- 34. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
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Health Promotion Strategies Through the Life Span, Eighth Edition
Ruth Beckmann Murray, Judith Proctor Zentner, and Richard Yakimo
Roman CatholicismRoman Catholicism
Sick or dying may want the sacraments of
Anointing the Sick or Viaticum
Believe a spirit rid of guilt and grievances
and fortified with strength of Christ’s life
has positive effects on the body
Believe suffering and illness allowed by
God because of original sin
- 35. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
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Health Promotion Strategies Through the Life Span, Eighth Edition
Ruth Beckmann Murray, Judith Proctor Zentner, and Richard Yakimo
ProtestantProtestant
Broad spectrum of beliefs and principles
– Some view death as penalty
– Other see it as a transition when the soul
leave for eternal reward
Important for health care worker to
understand a client’s individual beliefs
- 36. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
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Health Promotion Strategies Through the Life Span, Eighth Edition
Ruth Beckmann Murray, Judith Proctor Zentner, and Richard Yakimo
Seventh-Day AdventistsSeventh-Day Adventists
May refuse medical treatment and use of
secular items during Sabbath
Believe body to be temple
Pork, fish, tea, and coffee are prohibited
Health reform is high on list of priorities
- 37. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
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Health Promotion Strategies Through the Life Span, Eighth Edition
Ruth Beckmann Murray, Judith Proctor Zentner, and Richard Yakimo
The Church of Latter-Day SaintsThe Church of Latter-Day Saints
High value on family
Have conduct code called Word of
Wisdom
– Prohibits tobacco, alcohol, caffeinated drinks
– Recommends eating sparingly and with
thankfulness
Believe disease comes from failure to
obey laws and commandments
Lower rates of disease and mental illness
- 38. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
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Health Promotion Strategies Through the Life Span, Eighth Edition
Ruth Beckmann Murray, Judith Proctor Zentner, and Richard Yakimo
Jehovah’s WitnessesJehovah’s Witnesses
Refuse blood transfusions
Representatives from Hospital Liaison
Community are available to call if there
are questions about client care
- 39. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
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Health Promotion Strategies Through the Life Span, Eighth Edition
Ruth Beckmann Murray, Judith Proctor Zentner, and Richard Yakimo
Christian ScientistsChristian Scientists
Turn wholly to spiritual means for healing
Do not participate in
– Physical examinations
– Health screenings
– Immunizations
Healing is thought of as the application of
natural spiritual law
- 40. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
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Health Promotion Strategies Through the Life Span, Eighth Edition
Ruth Beckmann Murray, Judith Proctor Zentner, and Richard Yakimo
African-American ReligionsAfrican-American Religions
Formed by need to assimilate into
sometimes harsh and withholding
dominant culture
People helped through benevolent
associations, mutual aid societies, and
informed networks
Influence of church and social networks
may lead to delay in seeking professional
health services
- 41. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
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Health Promotion Strategies Through the Life Span, Eighth Edition
Ruth Beckmann Murray, Judith Proctor Zentner, and Richard Yakimo
North American IndianNorth American Indian
Health care providers may need to obtain
access to spiritual leader
Many healing rituals are kept secret
Medicine wheel is holistic wheel that
should be included in intervention
- 42. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
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Health Promotion Strategies Through the Life Span, Eighth Edition
Ruth Beckmann Murray, Judith Proctor Zentner, and Richard Yakimo
New Age MovementNew Age Movement
Commitment to self, individualism, future,
and transformation of self and society
Practices may include astrology, vision
questing, and use of positive thinking
Biofeedback, meditation, and
autosuggestion may be helpful adjuncts to
healing
- 43. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
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Health Promotion Strategies Through the Life Span, Eighth Edition
Ruth Beckmann Murray, Judith Proctor Zentner, and Richard Yakimo
NeopaganismNeopaganism
Ritualistic, secretive, and connects with
nature
Identities include Druid, Wiccans, witches,
fairies
Clients may make unusual requests
related to interventions
Providers should practice astute client
assessment, consultation, and community
education
- 44. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
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Health Promotion Strategies Through the Life Span, Eighth Edition
Ruth Beckmann Murray, Judith Proctor Zentner, and Richard Yakimo
Agnostic and AtheisticAgnostic and Atheistic
Agnostic refers to those who are incapable
of knowing whether God exists
Atheistic refers to those who believe that
God does not exist
- 45. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
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Health Promotion Strategies Through the Life Span, Eighth Edition
Ruth Beckmann Murray, Judith Proctor Zentner, and Richard Yakimo
Cult CharacteristicsCult Characteristics
Rigid belief system that cannot be
questioned
Charismatic, authoritarian leader
Isolation of the person from family of origin
or nonmembers
Demanding schedule
Deceptive recruitment
Expectation to relinquish assets and
property
- 46. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
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Health Promotion Strategies Through the Life Span, Eighth Edition
Ruth Beckmann Murray, Judith Proctor Zentner, and Richard Yakimo
VoodooVoodoo
Belief that person is surrounded by a
variety of powerful spirits
Belief that illness or death may occur as a
result of a supernatural force
Other names include hex, black magic,
spell
Clients may want cultural healer
- 47. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
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Health Promotion Strategies Through the Life Span, Eighth Edition
Ruth Beckmann Murray, Judith Proctor Zentner, and Richard Yakimo
Meeting Spiritual NeedsMeeting Spiritual Needs
Respect client as person with spiritual
needs
Be interested and willing to talk about
client’s spiritual or religious beliefs
Avoid evangelizing, overwhelming,
antagonizing, or stereotyping
Prepare for encounters through research
Refer client to spiritual care if you cannot
provide it
- 48. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
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Health Promotion Strategies Through the Life Span, Eighth Edition
Ruth Beckmann Murray, Judith Proctor Zentner, and Richard Yakimo
Spiritual NeedsSpiritual Needs
Individual needs
– Examples: meaning and purpose, usefulness,
vision and hope, express feelings
Needs related to others
– Examples: forgive others, cope with loss, be
respected
Needs related to the Transcendental
– Examples: believe God is loving and present,
serve and worship God
- 49. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
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Health Promotion Strategies Through the Life Span, Eighth Edition
Ruth Beckmann Murray, Judith Proctor Zentner, and Richard Yakimo
Negative Side of ReligionNegative Side of Religion
Clients may feel guilt, depression, or
confusion
Clients may ask “Why me?”
Health care practitioners may have to deal
with their own negative reactions to some
religious practices
- 50. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
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Health Promotion Strategies Through the Life Span, Eighth Edition
Ruth Beckmann Murray, Judith Proctor Zentner, and Richard Yakimo
FICAFICA
Use FICA approach to incorporate spiritual
history into assessment
–Faith
–Influence
–Community
–Address
- 51. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
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Health Promotion Strategies Through the Life Span, Eighth Edition
Ruth Beckmann Murray, Judith Proctor Zentner, and Richard Yakimo
Examples of Nursing DiagnosesExamples of Nursing Diagnoses
Decisional conflict
Ineffective coping
Fear
Grieving
Hopelessness
Risk for loneliness
- 52. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
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Health Promotion Strategies Through the Life Span, Eighth Edition
Ruth Beckmann Murray, Judith Proctor Zentner, and Richard Yakimo
Nursing and Spiritual CareNursing and Spiritual Care
Hospital accreditation requires spiritual
care
Spiritual care endorsed by International
Council of Nurses and American Nurses
Association
Do not neglect atheists
Offer alternative treatments
Offer solutions when spiritual beliefs
conflict with intervention
- 53. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
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Health Promotion Strategies Through the Life Span, Eighth Edition
Ruth Beckmann Murray, Judith Proctor Zentner, and Richard Yakimo
Culturally Competent CareCulturally Competent Care
Look into client’s eyes and call person by
name
Remain quiet
Convey empathy and caring by focused
listening
Touch hand or arm, or give hug
Demonstrate willingness to be with client
Support family of deceased client
- 54. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
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Health Promotion Strategies Through the Life Span, Eighth Edition
Ruth Beckmann Murray, Judith Proctor Zentner, and Richard Yakimo
Working with Spiritual LeadersWorking with Spiritual Leaders
Maintain a list of spiritual leaders and refer
clients as needed
Prepare client and the setting for spiritual
leader
Assist in preparing client for prayer time,
visit to chapel, or Sabbath ritual
Keep a calendar of religious holidays
Pray with clients or read scripture if
comfortable
- 55. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
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Health Promotion Strategies Through the Life Span, Eighth Edition
Ruth Beckmann Murray, Judith Proctor Zentner, and Richard Yakimo
Evaluation of CareEvaluation of Care
Evaluation of spiritual care can be difficult
Preferred outcomes
– Enhancing trust
– Allowing people to carry on spiritual practices
not detrimental to health
– Decreasing feelings of anxiety or guilt
– Causing satisfaction with spiritual condition
- 56. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
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Health Promotion Strategies Through the Life Span, Eighth Edition
Ruth Beckmann Murray, Judith Proctor Zentner, and Richard Yakimo
Faith CommunitiesFaith Communities
Report a shared responsibility to keep
people well
Children involved in communities may be
less likely to engage in risky behaviors
– Drug use
– Drinking
– Early sexual activity
- 57. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
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Health Promotion Strategies Through the Life Span, Eighth Edition
Ruth Beckmann Murray, Judith Proctor Zentner, and Richard Yakimo
Parish NurseParish Nurse
Speaks scientific and religious language
Programs should include
– Partnership
– Positive health values
– Availability of services
– Access to church facilities
– Community-focused interventions
– Health behavior change
– Supportive social relationships
- 58. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
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Health Promotion Strategies Through the Life Span, Eighth Edition
Ruth Beckmann Murray, Judith Proctor Zentner, and Richard Yakimo
Parish Nurse RolesParish Nurse Roles
H—Health Counselor
E—Educator of holistic health
A—Advocate and resource person
L—Liaison to community services
T—Teacher of volunteers and support
groups
H—Healer of mind, body, and spirit