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VAI ŠOKOLĀDE IR VESELĪGS
NAŠĶIS?
Autors: Andris Ivanovs un Jānis Antonovs
UZDEVUMI
Izanalizēt informāciju par šokolādes vēsturi,
izgatavošanas procesu, sastāvu un to
ietekmi uz cilvēka organismu.
 Eksperimentāli pārbaudīt un salīdzināt 5
šokolādes veidu sastāvu.
 Izdarīt secinājumu, vai ēst šokolādi ir
veselīgi.

KAS IR ŠOKOLĀDE?
Šokolāde, tāpat kakao koki,
cēlusies no
Centrālās un Dienvidamerikas.
Indiāņi izsens izmantojuši
samaltas un apceptas kakao
koka augļu sēklas (kakao
pupas) dzērienu
pagatavošanai. Vārds
“šokolāde”cēlies no
acteku vārda čokolatl (“rūgtais
ūdens”), ar ko acteki apzīmēja Šokolādes visbiežāk tiek
kakao dzērienu.
dalītas tumšajās
šokolādēs, piena
šokolādēs un baltajās
ŠOKOLĀDES VĒSTURE
Pirmā šokolādes dzēriena recepti sastādīja
spāņu mūki.
 XVII gs. Francijā izgatavo pirmo cietu
šokolādi.
 XVIII gs. atvērta pirmā šokolādes fabrika
Anglijā.
 XIX gs. no kakao pupiņām sāka atdalīt kakao
sviestu. Iegūst pirmo piena šokolādi.

ŠOKOLĀDE LATVIJĀ

Videoklips:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=128KviyHKHk
KĀ TOP ŠOKOLĀDE
ŠOKOLĀDES RAŽOŠANAS SHĒMA

Attīrīšana

Grauzdēšan
a

Šokolādes
masas
gatavošana

Maisīšana

Sasmalcināša
na

Temperēšana

Presēšana

Veidošana
KĀ ŠOKOLĀDE IETEKMĒ CILVĒKA ORGANISMU?
Šokolādes
sastāvdaļas

To ietekme uz cilvēka
organismu

Kakao pulveris, kakao
sviests
un cukurs

Veido šokolādes
pamatmasu

Kakao sviests

Labvēlīgi ietekmē
asinsvadus

Cukurs

Dod enerģiju

Dabiskie stimulatori teobromīns, kofeīns

Tonizē, dod mundrumu

Vielas, kas palīdz pret sirds Palielina antioksidantu
slimībām
līmeni asinīs
ŠOKOLĀDES SASTĀVA SALĪDZINĀJUMS
Kakao
masa

Kakao
sviests

Piena
pulveris

Emulgatori

Cukurs

Sonata

+

+

-

+

+

Laima
porainā

+

+

+

+

+

Laima ar
riekstiem

+

+

+

+

+

Laima
piena

+

+

+

+

+

Milka

+

+

+

+

+

Šokolāde

Cits

Ražots

Zemesrieksti Lietuva

-

Latvija

Lazdu rieksti Latvija

-

Latvija

Zemesrieksti Vācija
KĀ GATAVO ŠOKOLĀDES PARAUGU ANALĪZEI?
CUKURA NOTEIKŠANA
Šokolāde

Krāsa,
pievienojot
NaOH un CuSO4
un karsējot

Krāsas
intensitātes
vērtējums

Dzeltenīga

2

Oranža

3

Dzeltenīga

2

Oranža

3

Tumši oranža

4

Sonata
Laima porainā
Laima ar
riekstiem
Laima piena
Milka
OLBALTUMVIELU NOTEIKŠANA
Šokolāde

Krāsa,
pievienojot
konc. HNO3 un
karsējot

Krāsas
intensitātes
vērtējums

Sonata

-

-

Laima porainā
Laima ar
riekstiem

-

-

-

-

Laima piena

-

Milka

-
TAUKU ATDALĪŠANA
Šokolāde

Tauku plankumu
intensitātes vērtējums
2

Sonata

Laima porainā
Laima ar riekstiem
Laima piena

2
3

3
4

Milka
ŠOKOLĀDES SALĪDZINĀJUMS
4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
cukurs
tauki

2
1.5
1
0.5
0
Sonata

Laima Laima ar Laima
poraina riekstiem piena

Milka
KAKAO SVIESTA PIERĀDĪŠANA
KOFEĪNA KRISTĀLU NOVĒROŠANA
PROVE UZ CIETI
SECINĀJUMI
Šokolāde ir veselīgs našķis, jo labvēlīgi
ietekmē sirds muskuli, asinsvadus, dod
mundrumu.
 Visas pārbaudītas šokolādes nesatur
cieti, bet satur kakao sviestu.
 Vismazākais cukura un tauku saturs
šokolādē “Sonāte”, visvairāk cukura un tauku
satur šokolāde “Milka”.

PALDIES PAR UZMANĪBU!

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Vai šokolāde ir veselīga?

Editor's Notes

  1. Paraugu šokolādes analīzei gatavoja sekojoši: sasmalcinātu šokolādi ieliek mēģenē (1 cm augstumā), pievieno 2 ml ūdens, samaisa, izfiltrē.
  2. Cukura noteikšanai pievieno 2 ml 2M nātrija hidroksīda šķīduma un 2-3 pilienus vara (II) sulfāta šķīduma. Ja produkts satur cukuru (saharozi), parādās spilgti zils krāsojums. Šokolādē baltais cukurs nav atrasts (nav spilgti zila krāsojuma), bet tika pierādīta glikoze (zaļgans, oranžīgs krāsojums).Secināts, ka šokolādes nesatur saharozi vai balto cukuru. Skolotāja ierosina pārbaudīt šokolādēs glikozes saturu. Paraugu glikozes analīzei gatavo līdzīgi kā paraugu saharozes noteikšanai, tikai vēl silda. Ja produktā ir glikozē, parāds oranžs krāsojums.
  3. Paraugu šokolādes analīzei gatavoja sekojoši: sasmalcinātu šokolādi ieliek mēģenē (1 cm augstumā), pievieno 2 ml ūdens, samaisa, izfiltrē. Pievieno 2-3 pilienus koncentrētas slāpekļskābes, karsē. Ja produktā ir olbaltumvielas, parādās dzeltens krāsojums.
  4. Šokolādes gabaliņu spiež uz filtrpapīra.
  5. Vismazāk cukura un tauku šokolādē “Sonata”, visvairāk cukura un tauku šokolādē “Milka””.
  6. Šokolādi ievieto vārglāzē, uzliek virsū vārglāzei stikla plāksnīti un karsē uz elektriskās plīts, nepieļaujot pārogļošanos. Uz stikla plāksnītes kondensējas dzeltenbrūnie pilieni – kakao sviests. Kakao sviesta pilienus savāc ar filtrpapīru un ieliek traukā ar zilo graudiņu šķīdumu. Šķīdums atkrāsojas, paliek brūns.
  7. Porcelāna bļodiņa ievieto šokolādi un magnija oksīdu masu attiecībā 2,5 : 1. Uzliek virsū stikla plāksnīti un karsē uz elektriskās plīts, nepieļaujot pārogļošanos. Notiek kofeīna sublimācija un kristalizācija uz stikla plāksnītes. Kofeīna kristālus novēro mikroskopā.
  8. Kādu šokolādi ēstu tu?