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45 Spring/Summer 2010 • volume xvi, issue ii 45 Copyright © 2010 by the Brown Journal of World Affairs Gabriel Weimann is Professor of Communications at Haifa University and The School of International Studies at American University. He is author of multiple books including Terror on the Internet: The New Arena, the New Challenges (2006), The Singaporean Engima (2001) and Communicating Unreality: Mass Media and Reconstruction of Realities (2000). Terror on Facebook, Twitter, and Youtube Gabriel Weimann Professor Haifa University “My dear brothers in Jihad,” wrote a man who identified himself as Abu Jendal, “I have a kilo of Acetone Peroxide. I want to know how to make a bomb from it in order to blow up an army jeep; I await your quick response.” About an hour later the answer came: “My dear brother Abu Jendal,” answered a Hamas supporter who called himself Abu Hadafa, “I understand that you have 1,000 grams of Om El Abad. Well done! There are several ways to change it into a bomb.” Om El Abad—the mother of Abad—is the Hamas nickname for the improvised explosive TATP—triacetone triperoxide. Abu Hadafa then explained, in detail, how to change the homemade explosive into a deadly roadside bomb, and even attached a file that teaches how to make detonators for the bomb.1 Abu Jendal and Abu Hadafa are two anonymous Palestinians who, it seems, never met one another. The exchange was not encoded or concealed, but was published completely openly on the website of the Izz al din al Kassam Brigades, the military faction of the Hamas. This online form of exchanging of guidance, advice, and instructions has become commonplace in various terrorist chatrooms and online forums. Post-modern terror- ists are taking advantage of the fruits of globalization and modern technology—espe- cially advanced online communication technologies that are used to plan, coordinate and execute their deadly campaigns. No longer geographically constrained within a particular territory, or politically or financially dependent on a particular state, they rely on technologically modern forms of communication—including the internet. The internet has long been a favorite tool for terrorists.2 Decentralized and providing almost perfect anonymity, it cannot be subjected to controls or restrictions, and can the brown journal of world affairs Gabriel Weimann 46 be accessed by anyone. The internet has enabled terrorist organizations to research and coordinate attacks; to expand the reach of their propaganda to a global audience; to recruit adherents; to communicate with international supporters and ethnic diasporas; to solicit donations; and to foster public awareness and sympathy for their causes. The internet also allows terrorists to convey their messages to international and distant audiences with whom it would otherwise be difficult to communicate. The internet provides a means for terrorist groups to feed the mass media with information.
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*Min 350 words.* Discussion Questions : For your forum post, distinguish the way the media was utilized by terrorist organizations in the past to advance their objectives to that being employed today. Specifically address both the pre-9/11 style terrorist means of communication and influence and contrast them with the current day terrorist internet/social media based methods. Reply to each post there are TWO of them *150 words min each* 1. For centuries, decades, and years now terrorist organizations has used the media to spread their message across the world, reaching hundreds of thousands of people. According, to Felger and Lesinger, “The media do not create terrorism, but certain actions of the media can facilitate the achievement of the strategic goals of terrorist groups” (Felger & Lesinger, 2017). Terrorists’ organizations utilize media outlets such as local and international newspapers and television. The ultimate goal of terrorists groups is to create fear and terror in order to get their message across whether it’s for religion or political reasons. We all know that the media is a powerful tool that sometimes could be misleading. Before the creation of the Internet terrorist would use newspapers, radio stations, and even word of mouth to spread their news. As one can imagine those methods took a while to spread throughout the local community or world. In addition, the facts and small details became lost in the translation of the events that actually took place. In the past terrorists used, rebel radio stations, television, underground newspapers, flyers, posters, and other types of publications to communicate, recruit, train, as a means to spread propaganda (Hoffman, 2006, p. 199). Terrorist organizations has always used the media to spread propaganda or their agendas, however the 9/11 attacks has forever changed how terrorist organizations utilized the media to spread their fears on a global scale. In today’s society technology has made it a lot easier for terrorist organizations to spread their word and intentions. Just about every person in the world is carrying a smartphone. Smartphones allows individuals to access media outlets at all times. Information can be passed on through smartphones in a matter of seconds. In today’s society terrorist organizations also uses social media to help spread their intentions. They also use social media platforms to recruit and post training videos. In conclusion, after reading this week’s lesson we can determine that before social media, the internet and advance technology it was a lot harder for terrorist groups to spread their intentions, however they still made it happen. 2. In our discussion this week we must analyze the way terrorist organizations “utilized” the media in the past. I specifically highlight the word “utilize” because that’s exactly what terrorist organizations did. They used the media for their own benefit. In Inside Terrorism Bruce Hoffman specific.
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Article in The Times of Israel by Andy Blumenthal: This is not about free speech but about a takeover of America. These vile terrorist supporters are using our very Constitution against us as they falsely cry Islamophobia and free speech, all the while impeding, threatening, and committing acts of violence against students, citizens, and an orderly democracy. It is time for Americans to stop being complacent or fooled by their terrorist talking points and rhetoric of hate, racism, and Communist ideology. In the face of this evil, we are finally seeing Patriots emerge, proudly carrying and defending the American flag, singing the Star-Spangled Banner, and boldly chanting USA!
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