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Copper is a popular algaecide and fungicide (used in commercial and residential pools as
well as to spray vegetables and grains to prevent fungus and algae growth). Brass is alloy of
copper and zinc and usually used in padlocks - it's probably OK for small birds that are
unlikely to chew the padlock, but should be avoided around parrots. You can find few
documented cases of metal toxicity in parrots that chew brass padlocks. Nickel could be
potentially toxic to your bird. Nickel is commonly known as human allergen (causing
dermatitis upon skin contact) and its insoluble salts and soluble aerosols are highly toxic to
everything live.
Copper is an essential trace element required for hemoglobin formation and is a component
of several enzyme systems. Copper is soft metal usually used for plating (not only US Mint
cent coins - copper 2.5% plated zinc 97.5%, but also hardware and decorative elements on
your cage), kitchen utensils, copper wire, welding. Copper can be potentially poisonous to
birds - usually oxidized copper causes troubles - storing acidic food in copper containers or
slightly acidic water from copper piping may contribute to elevated levels of this metal in your
bird's diet and it's easy to avoid.
Nickel commonly used for plating as it prevents metal corrosion (on iron and copper usually).
So even if you decided that it's OK to have nickel-plated stuff around your parrot check it
frequently, as it may chip and expose underlying metal to oxidation. Tin is soft metal
considered by many experts as not toxic for birds unless it's "galvanized tin" (which is
misused term for galvanized sheet metal (galvanized steel) or some small galvanized iron
containers) - if in doubt - consult manufacturer. According to Wikipedia metal tin itself is non-
toxic but most tin salts are, as well as some organic tin compounds - TBT (tributyltin) for
example.
TBT is very toxic - thin layer of this polymer may serve as a protective coating on non-food
glass and ceramics. Tin resists corrosion from distilled, sea and soft tap water, but can be
attacked by strong acids, alkalis and acid salts. Tin is present in various alloys, such as
soldering tin & bronze, pewter, bell metal, Babbitt metal and dental amalgams. Organotin

2. compounds are used as fungicides, insecticides and bactericides and they are well known for
animal and human toxicity. Additionally, these are applied as PVC and PCB heat stabilizers.
Don't treat outdoor aviaries with vinegar to guard your parrot against zinc poisoning - what it
actually does it will etch upper very accessible oxidized zinc layer (dull whitish coat - zinc
rust) and zinc coating underneath oxidized layer to some point - not necessarily remove all of
it but thin it enough to make underlying metal prone to oxidation and rusting which is also not
good. This procedure may be sufficient to protect small birds from zinc poisoning but it
seems as the best bet to avoid zinc around parrots altogether.
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