Introduction of Internet of Things for Data Scientists - talk from DSA 2018

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Jan Jongboom, Arm
31 May 2018
Fundamentals of IoT

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Data Scientists

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Playing with models is fun...
But data acquisition is
even more important

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Internet of Things
Adding digital inputs / outputs to physical things

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Internet of Things...

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Internet of Things...

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Internet of Things...

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Two forms
Data collection
ML
Raw data
Compute / ML on the Edge
ML
Conclusions

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Device Side Requirements
Sensor Computer Connectivity
Cheap & Low-Power preferred Long-range preferred

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Cheap and low-powered
computers

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Microcontrollers
Small (1cm²)
Cheap (~1$)
Efficient (standby: 0.3 μA)
Slow (max. 100 MHz)
Limited memory (max. 256K RAM)
Downsides
8 cm
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Many software parts
Bootloader
Asymmetric crypto
Storage driver
Resilient filesystem
Advanced
networking stack
Radio drivers
FlashIAP
Update client

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Arm Mbed
A free, open source Platform OS targeting IoT end node devices
Mbed
OS
Cortex-M
RTOS
kernel
Portable
drivers
Integrated
security
IoT
connectivity
Device
management
Development
tools
Developer
community
Partner
ecosystem
150 development boards
LoRa, BLE, Cellular, Wi-Fi, etc.
14

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Open source and community built
325,000 developers
70+ partners
Apache 2.0 licensed
https://os.mbed.com

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No soldering required...
Computer
(Processor + RAM + ROM)
General Purpose
Input/Output ports (GPIO)

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Connecting a moisture sensor
Signal
Power
Ground
A3
3.3V
GND

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Reading from the moisture sensor
AnalogIn moisture(A3);
while (1) {
float value = moisture.read();
printf("Moisture value is %fn", value);
wait_ms(500);
}

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A low-power, long-range
network

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The case for LoRa
Powerconsumption/Bandwidth
Range

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LoRa key use cases

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LoRa PHYsics
crash-course
© 2017 Arm Limited

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High link budget
RX
Derived from work by Thomas Telkamp
TX Power
Connector loss
Antenna gain
Connector loss
Antenna gain
RX Power
Path loss and fading
Receiver sensitivity
-137 dBm
14 dBm151 dBm link budget

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Link budget
Wi-Fi
Sub-GHz 6LoWPAN
LoRa
TX Power RX Sensitivity Link budget
20 dBm -75 dBm 95 dBm
11 dBm -110 dBm 121 dBm
14 dBm -137 dBm 151 dBm

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Theoretical maximum in free space
2.4 GHz, with 95.5 dBm link budget:
550 meters
915 MHz, with 151 dBm link budget:
850,000 meters

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Unfortunately... we don't live in free space
Attenuation Reflection and diffraction Fresnel zone

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Based on Tokyo - model for calculating realistic path loss
Picture by Moyan Brenn: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tokyo_(16043023330).jpg© 2017 Arm Limited
Hata model
Large city (250 bps)
Large city (1,760 bps)
Suburb (250 bps)
TX height RX height Range
0.1 m 40 m 4 km
0.1 m 40 m 2.5 km
0.1 m 40 m 9 km
Suburb (250 bps) 1 m 100 m 13 km

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dxYY097QNs0

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What is LoRaWAN?

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Typical LoRaWAN Topology
Network Session Key: Message Integrity
Applicagon Session Key: Join, Encrypgon and Decrypgon
Devices Gateways Network Server User
ApplicaYon
(f.e. ML)
ApplicaYon
Server

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The Things Network

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The Things Network Mission
Our mission
is to build
a decentralized,
open and
crowd sourced
IoT data network
Owned and operated by its users

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Number of Communities 623
Number of Countries 96
Number of Community Members 33633
Number of Gateways Active 3075
Number of Community Partners 492
The Things Network

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You are the network

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Building something

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Picking a gateway
Kerlink IoT station
Multi-Tech Conduit
IMST iC880A
Lorix One
The Things Gateway
Lorrier LR2
SX1301 + 2x SX1257

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Usecase this afternoon
Greenhouse monitoring
Dev board + LoRa shield + battery
Soil moisture sensor
Temperature / humidity sensor

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Getting started quickly
https://labs.mbed.com

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uTensor
Deep learning for microcontrollers
Runs in <256K RAM
TensorFlow compatible
Just does inference / prediction
Open source, Apache 2.0 license
http://utensor.ai
uTensor

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https://labs.mbed.com
Slides: http://janjongboom.com
Thank you!

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http://bit.ly/dsa2018