1. Expert Systems
Irene pusbandari
Grade 11
Expert systems are computer-based systems that make use of a wide
range of human knowledge. They are different to other problem-solving
software as they use reasoning to produce the solution. One way of
approaching this section is to think of encyclopedias. This knowledge is used
to solve a problem by the system asking a series of questions. Expert
systems are not like most problem-solving programs. Problem-solving
programs are produced to solve particular problems. In contrast, expert
systems are used to gather the knowledge of experts to form a knowledge
base. A rules base is a set of rules, which an inference engine uses, together
with data or facts in the knowledge base, to reasons through a problem. In
order to create an expert system it is necessary to employ a knowledge
engineer.
The engineer collects information and knowledge from the experts,
based on the expert’s’ experience in the field concerned, as well as finding
out their requirements. The other important feature of expert systems is the
user interface. This is how the computer interacts with the user. As you can
see, many of the components are represented diagrammatically as being
part of a shell. The inference engine is able to find solutions by using a form
of reasoning. This reasoning involves forward chaining, backward chaining or
a combination of both.
The example of expert systems the famous examples are:MYCIN:
diagnose disease, DENDRAL: identifying the molecular structure of an
unknown chemical mixture XCON & XSEL: configuration of the computer
system, Prospector: in geology.