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1. Characteristics of Paper Publication by Major Countries Focusing on Journals
Naomi FUKUZAWA, National Institute of Science and Technology Policy, NISTEP, Japan
fukuzawa@nistep.go.jp
1. Background and purpose 2. Methods
3.Results
 It is not well studied how researchers publish papers focusing on
journals.
 This analysis aims at clarifying the characteristics of paper
publication in 7 major countries by focusing on journals.
 The characteristics of paper publication were investigated from the
following 6 viewpoints:
① OA journals ④ Native language
② Publishing country of the journal ⑤ International collaboration
③ Top 10% highly cited papers. ⑥ Citing countries
 The Elsevier Scopus Custom Data (February 19, 2015) was used.
 Journal was used as source type. Article paper, Review, and
Conference paper are used as document type.
 The number of papers was counted by the whole counting method.
 In the Journal Title List (2016 May) of Scopus, those listed as
“DOAJ/ROAD Open Access” at the journal level were counted as OA
journals.
 I categorized journals into 4 types.
1. 2.
3. 4.
4. Conclusion
5. References
 Sotudeh, H., Ghasempour, Z., and Yaghtin, M. (2015). The citation advantage of author-pays model: the case of Springer and Elsevier OA journals. Scientometrics, 104(2), 581-608.
 Wang, L., Liu, X., and Fang, H. (2015). Investigation of the degree to which articles supported by research grants are published in open access health and life sciences journals. Scientometrics, 104(2), 511-528.
 Wang, X.. Liu, C., Mao, W., and Famg, Z. (2015). The open access advantage considering citation, article usage and social media attention. Scientometrics, 103(2), 555-564.
 OECD (2015). Maling Open Science a Reality, OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers, No.25, OECD Publishing, Paris.
 Characteristics of paper publications are linked to journals’ category.
 The structure of paper publications vary among countries in terms of
OA journals, publishing country of journals, and used language.
 This analysis revealed that high ratio of English papers, international
collaborations, and foreign countries’ citing are features of OA
journals.
 Even excluding the effect of native language, OA features of high
ratio of international collaborations and foreign countries’ citing are
obvious (see the results of foreign journals and top10% papers).
 Further investigations are required for assessing long-term effects of
OA.
Mean number of papers by the type of journals (2010-12)
Contribution ratio
The ratio of citing countries
The international collaboration ratio
Ratio of number of papers by language used
 The contribution ratio to the increase rate of the number of papers
for the two periods (2004-06, 2010-12).
 Japan had a unique trend where an increase in the number of
foreign OA journals’ papers contributed to an increase in the
number of papers.
 In other countries, an increase in the number of foreign Non-OA
journals’ papers contributed to an increase in the number of papers.
Domestic
Non-OA
Foreign
Non-OA
Domestic
OA
Foreign
OA
Japan 4.3% 1.0% -2.6% 0.6% 5.3%
US 21.7% 3.9% 10.7% 3.5% 3.6%
Germany 26.4% 1.4% 16.1% 1.2% 7.7%
France 27.0% 1.0% 17.9% 0.2% 8.0%
UK 27.7% 10.2% 9.4% 2.7% 5.3%
China 91.9% 19.1% 61.7% 1.5% 9.6%
South Korea 96.1% 15.7% 61.9% 7.7% 10.7%
All Papers
The increase
rate of the no.
papers for the
two periods
Contribution ratio
Domestic
Non-OA
Foreign
Non-OA
Domestic
OA
Foreign
OA
Japan 0.9% -0.4% -5.0% 0.4% 5.9%
US 11.5% -3.2% 8.8% 3.3% 2.6%
Germany 37.9% 2.9% 25.4% 1.7% 7.9%
France 33.7% 0.1% 24.3% -0.1% 9.4%
UK 28.9% 10.3% 10.7% 1.9% 6.0%
China 167.0% 4.2% 144.2% 0.3% 18.2%
South Korea 75.1% 2.3% 61.2% 1.7% 9.9%
Top10% highly
cited papers
The increase
rate of the no.
papers for the
two periods
Contribution ratio
Table 1
Note: International collaboration paper consists of two countries authors or more.
 The international collaboration ratio of foreign countries’ journals is
higher than those of domestic journals (Domestic<Foreign).
 This ratio of OA journals is also higher than Non-OA journals
(Non-OA<OA). Table 2
 About 30%~50% of domestic Non-OA papers use native language
except France and China.
 Almost all countries except France and China use English in OA
journals.
 For foreign journals, English is used in approximately 95% or more.
 For the top 10% highly cited papers, English was used for almost
all papers except China.
Figure 2
 The ratio of own country citations is low in OA journals and foreign
journals.
 OA journals’ papers cited by many countries.
 Accessibility of OA journals may lead to many citations from foreign
countries.
Figure 3
 The ratio of OA journals is about 10% in major countries.
 Except US and UK, the ratio of domestic journals is between 18%
and 30%.
Figure 1
2.52
22.83
2.34 1.44
5.61
10.48
0.80
6.09
15.35
7.37
5.77
5.28
13.14
3.67
0.41
1.83
0.17
0.05
0.43
0.43
0.32
0.72
1.97
0.99
0.70
0.73
1.60
0.35
0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
30.00
35.00
40.00
45.00
Japan US Germany France UK China South
Korea
Domestic Non-OA Foreign Non-OA Domestic OA Foreign OA
X104
All papers
25.9%
54.4%
21.6% 18.1%
46.6%
40.9%
15.5%
62.5%
36.6%
67.8% 72.5%
43.8%
51.2%
71.4%
4.2%
4.4%
1.5%
0.6% 3.6%
1.7% 6.2%
7.4% 4.7% 9.1% 8.8% 6.1% 6.2% 6.9%
0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
70.0%
80.0%
90.0%
100.0%
Japan US Germany France UK China South
Korea
Domestic Non-OA Foreign Non-OA Domestic OA Foreign OA
0.39
43.32
1.56 0.29
10.28
0.67 0.10
8.18
29.06
16.14
11.35
11.30
19.17
5.00
0.15
3.56
0.30
0.01
0.63
0.05
0.07
0.83
2.91
1.60
1.21
1.46 1.64
0.40
0.00
10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
50.00
60.00
70.00
80.00
90.00
Japan US Germany France UK China South
Korea
Domestic Non-OA Foreign Non-OA Domestic OA Foreign OA
X103
Top10% highly
cited papers
4.1%
54.9%
7.9%
2.3%
43.4%
3.1% 1.8%
85.6%
36.9%
82.3%
88.3%
47.7%
89.0% 89.8%
1.6%
4.5%
1.6% 0.1% 2.7% 0.2% 1.3%
8.7%
3.7% 8.2%
9.4%
6.2% 7.6% 7.1%
0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
70.0%
80.0%
90.0%
100.0%
Japan US Germany France UK China South
Korea
Domestic Non-OA Foreign Non-OA Domestic OA Foreign OA
Note: The top 10% highly cited papers in any of 27 fields are counted. The ratio of those to all papers does not necessarily become 10%.
0.0% 0.8% 1.5% 0.1% 0.1% 0.0% 1.0% 1.0% 0.2% 0.1%
99.4% 98.8% 98.6% 97.9% 98.6% 99.7% 99.7% 99.3% 96.0% 96.9% 95.6% 96.1% 99.4% 99.4%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Japan US Germany France UK China South
Korea
Japan US Germany France UK China South
Korea
Non-OA OA
All papers, Foreign journals
English
Native
46.5% 50.2%
77.6% 86.8%
29.3%
10.2% 9.8%
73.9%
42.3%
7.7%
53.2%
99.8%
49.7%
22.0%
99.8%
13.2%
70.7%
89.6% 99.9% 90.1%
25.4%
100.0%
57.1%
92.3%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Japan US Germany France UK China South
Korea
Japan US Germany France UK China South
Korea
Non-OA OA
All papers, Domestic journals
English
Native
11.0 14.9 14.8 17.5 16.8 4.1 7.7 12.6 15.8 19.6 21.3 18.4 11.6 9.9
15.3 16.0 17.3 17.5 17.1 12.5 15.1 17.0 18.1 18.6 20.5 20.3 15.0 19.2
The number of
citing countries
The number of
citing countries
32.6% 34.3% 19.8% 11.7% 15.0%
76.5%
27.3% 29.1% 35.7%
13.0% 12.2% 14.3%
35.3% 26.9%
67.4% 65.7% 80.2% 88.3% 85.0%
23.5%
72.7% 70.9% 64.3%
87.0% 87.8% 85.7%
64.7% 73.1%
0.0%
20.0%
40.0%
60.0%
80.0%
100.0%
Japan US Germany France UK China South
Korea
Japan US Germany France UK China South
Korea
Non-OA OA
Top10% papers, Domestic journals
Citations from own country Citations from foreign countries
13.5%
29.1% 13.9% 11.0% 12.7%
38.3% 40.0%
11.5% 24.9% 13.5% 9.2% 11.4% 24.4%
55.8%
86.5%
70.9% 86.1% 89.0% 87.3%
61.7% 60.0%
88.5% 75.1% 86.5% 90.8% 88.6% 75.6%
44.2%
0.0%
20.0%
40.0%
60.0%
80.0%
100.0%
Japan US Germany France UK China South
Korea
Japan US Germany France UK China South
Korea
Non-OA OA
Top10% papers, Foreignjournals
Citations from own country Citations from foreign countries
Domestic Foreign Domestic Foreign Domestic Foreign Domestic Foreign
Japan 6.2% 31.9% 8.6% 33.1% 16.1% 47.9% 12.1% 51.2%
US 24.9% 38.1% 33.0% 45.6% 36.0% 44.6% 43.9% 50.9%
Germany 21.1% 56.8% 48.0% 55.9% 47.0% 67.1% 73.5% 67.1%
France 14.2% 56.6% 26.9% 61.8% 66.6% 67.9% 57.1% 73.2%
UK 35.5% 56.8% 52.7% 62.8% 53.3% 67.5% 65.9% 74.4%
China 2.7% 28.1% 5.6% 26.5% 9.0% 41.0% 17.0% 44.4%
South Korea 8.4% 32.5% 7.4% 33.3% 15.4% 47.8% 11.3% 54.5%
Country
All papers Top10% papers
Non-OA OA Non-OA OA