Zamzee Research Results

ZAMZEE RESEARCH RESULTS Across 12 studies with more than 1,000 kids…here’s what we found. hopelab.org/zamzee 1

TWO KEY QUESTIONSDoes Zamzee work? Why? hopelab.org/zamzee 2

ZamzeeImpact Study PRIMARYOUTCOMES Zamzee increased physical activity by almost 60% We used accelerometers to measure moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), like dancing, climbing stairs, or jogging. 140 MVPA (minutes / week) Kids who got access to the Zamzee website 120 moved 59% more on average than kids in the 100 control group, who did not get access to the website. 80 60 That difference is like: 40 • Doing push-ups non-stop for 45 min/week 20 • Scrubbing floors for 3 hrs/month 0 • Chasing wild pigs for 6 min/day (really) Zamze Control e Source: Compendium of Physical Activities ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01433679 hopelab.org/zamzee 3

ZamzeeImpact Study PRIMARYOUTCOMES Zamzee’s impact persisted for at least 6 months Even after 24 weeks, kids with access to the Zamzee website were consistently more active than kids in the control group. 160 MVPA (minutes / week) 140 120 Zamzee 100 80 Control 60 40 20 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Week ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01433679 hopelab.org/zamzee 4

ZamzeeImpact StudySECONDARYOUTCOMES Using Zamzee slowed gain in “bad” cholesterol LDL, or “bad,” cholesterol is a heart disease risk factor. Gradual increases in LDL are Low-density lipoprotein (mg/dL) typical in kids, as seen in the control group. But among kids who used Zamzee, LDL 85 gains were reduced. 80 Control 75 Zamzee 70 65 Baseline 6 mo ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01433679 hopelab.org/zamzee 5

ZamzeeImpact StudySECONDARYOUTCOMES Using Zamzee helped control blood sugar levels Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is an indirect measure of blood sugar. It is a risk factor for Type 2 diabetes. Over 6 months, HbA1c 5.5 levels were better maintained among kids who used Zamzee than kids in the control HbA1c (%) group. 5.4 Control 5.3 Zamzee 5.2 Baseline 6 mo ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01433679 hopelab.org/zamzee 6

ZamzeeRewardsStudies Zamzee works and here’s why Combining extrinsic rewards to initiate behavior and intrinsic rewards to sustain behavior change is a central principle of motivational science. We applied this principle in designing the Zamzee website. Extrinsic rewards include small prizes that help initiate physical activity. Intrinsic rewards are positive experiences which sustain motivation over time. (Deci & Ryan, 2000; Pink, 2009) hopelab.org/zamzee 7

ZamzeeRewardsStudies Optimizing extrinsic rewards Zamzee’s game mechanics provide a combination of small prizes and intrinsic motivators that initiate and sustain behavior change. To jumpstart physical activity, kids in the 9 rewards conditions experienced a 8 combination of intrinsic and extrinsic rewards via the Zamzee website. The type of extrinsic 7 rewards included virtual goods (e.g., badges) 6 MVPA % time and gift cards ($5 and $20). 5 4 On average, the kids who were rewarded were more physically active than those in the 3 control group, who did not have access to the 2 website and only wore an accelerometer. 1 0 Control Virtual Virtual + Virtual + only $5 $20 (Deci & Ryan, 2000; Pink, 2009) hopelab.org/zamzee 8

ZamzeeRewardsStudies Fostering intrinsic rewards Zamzee website features are designed to provide kids with positive experiences related to physical activity. Engaging in these experiences fosters kids’ intrinsic motivation by creating a sense of: COMPETENCE: feeling capable and effective AUTONOMY: having freedom and a sense of control MASTERY: growing and improving PURPOSE: pursuing goals and aspirations RELATEDNESS: belonging and connecting with others (Deci & Ryan, 2000; Pink, 2009) hopelab.org/zamzee 9

TWO KEY QUESTIONS ANSWERED DOES ZAMZEE WORK? WHY DOES IT WORK? On average, kids who used On average, kids who were our motivational website rewarded for activity movedmoved almost 60% more than more than those who were those who only used an not. Along with a positiveaccelerometer. These results mindset, providing a bit of persisted for 6 months and reward can be an effective were associated with way to motivate and sustain reductions in risk factors for behavior change. heart disease and diabetes. hopelab.org/zamzee 10

ADDITIONAL RESEARCH DETAILS hopelab.org/zamzee 11

ZamzeeImpact Study PRIMARYOUTCOMES Zamzee increased physical activity in at-risk groups Zamzee was effective even in groups which are at an increased risk for sedentary behavior. Among these groups, participants who wore our accelerometer and used our motivational website moved more than their peers in the control group, on average. Girls: 103% increase Overweight kids (BMI>25): 27% increase 100 130 90 120 MVPA (minutes/week) MVPA (minutes/week) 80 110 70 100 Control 90 Zamzee 60 50 80 40 70 30 60 ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01433679 hopelab.org/zamzee 12

ZamzeeImpact Study ZamzeeMETHODS &Impact StudyPROCEDURE Sample Characteristics Site Suburban N=86 (19% of total sample) Suburban N=82 (18%) Rural N=87 (19%) Rural N=105 (23%) Urban N=50 (11%) Urban N=38 (9%) Age 11-14 Mean = 12.7, SD = 0.8 Gender Female N=244 (54%) Male N=204 (46%) Ethnicity White N=198 (45%) Hispanic N=110 (25%) African-American N=64 (14%) Multiethnic N=53 (12%) Asian N=12 (3%) Decline N=6 (1%) BMI 14-50 Mean = 22.2, SD = 5.2, BMI>25 = 25% ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01433679 hopelab.org/zamzee 13

ZamzeeImpact StudyMETHODS &PROCEDURE Study Aims Hypothesis: Zamzee will increase MVPA and health-related biomarkers in middle school- aged kids. Study Design • Multi-site randomized controlled trial: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01433679 • Study sample: 448 middle school-aged US kids recruited from 6 diverse US sites • Study arms 1. Zamzee accelerometer & motivational website 2. Control group: Zamzee accelerometer only • Measurement structure 1. Continuous assessment of physical activity over 6 month study participation 2. Pre- and post-study assessments of blood biomarkers • Outcomes 1. Primary: MVPA rates over 6 month study period 2. Secondary: Biomarkers of metabolic function (HbA1c, glucose; lipid panel) ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01433679 hopelab.org/zamzee 14

Zamzee Rewards StudiesMETHODS &PROCEDURE Study Aims Hypothesis: Zamzee’s reward model will increase MVPA in middle school-aged kids. Study Design • Study sample: 100 middle school-aged US kids • Study arms: 1. Zamzee accelerometer & motivational websites a. Virtual only b. Virtual + $5 c. Virtual + $20 2. Control group: Zamzee accelerometer only • Measurement structure: 1. Continuous assessment of physical activity for up to 12 weeks during study participation • Outcomes 1. MVPA rates measured during study participation hopelab.org/zamzee 15

Zamzee Rewards StudiesMETHODS &PROCEDURE Sample Characteristics Age 11-15 Mean = 13.0, SD = 0.7 Gender Female N=53 (53%) Male N=47 (47%) Ethnicity White N=44 (44%) Hispanic N=35 (35%) African-American N=1 (1%) Multiethnic N=11 (11%) Asian N=3 (3%) Decline N=6 (6%) BMI 15-43 Mean = 21.6, SD = 4.9, BMI>25 = 18% hopelab.org/zamzee 16

Thank you!Pam OmidyarRobert Wood Johnson FoundationSpecial thanks to the HopeLab staff and Boardof Directors, and to all of the kids and familieswho participated in this research. hopelab.org/zamzee 17

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Zamzee Research Results

by HopeLab on Sep 23, 2012

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