3. Spain comes into democracy in 1978 Now, it is a case of successful transition to liberal democracy However, there’s a strong relationship between the media and the political establishment It means the nexus between ideological expression and political mobilization The public service broadcasting never existed in the British sense of the word (BBC paradigm) The Parliament has a direct control over RTVE, as well as each regional government does Media play an activist role and public service broadcasting is near the government Continuing news oligopoly
4. Until today, the commercial market is weak There’s no strong demand on information, but on entertainment and sports It reflects the weakness of the liberal social and economic institutions Why? There’s no real interest in the development of free market Further, the privatizations and the liberalization of the market continued this trend Most benefited groups are indirectly related to political interests Or viceversa? Examples: audiovisual licenses or the coverage of certain news
5.
6. Professionalization? The journalism tradition connects the political and the literary roots It means substantial emphasis to commentary, literature and op-ed Journalists use to have a university degree and certain cultural level They use to be part of the cultural elite of the country! Formal education in Journalism in relatively new (50 years) Newspapers (more than other media) tend to represent distinct political tendencies This is reflected in the differing political attitudes from readership and audiences One survey of Spanish journalist found that more than 85% believed information and opinion were often mixed Why? “Tertulias” use to have a strong influence on the political agenda
8. The media started a new era in 1978, just after the approval of the Constitución Española The Law recognizes two basic citizens’ rights 1.- Freedom of speech and the press (article 20) 2.- Freedom of enterprise (article 38) Both rights are well-developed underpinning the practice of journalism in Spain Let’s see how.
9.
10. Article 20 [Specific Freedoms, Restrictions] (3) The law shall regulate the organization and parliamentary control of the means of social communication owned by the State or any public entity and shall guarantee access to those means by significant social and political groups, respecting the pluralism of society and the various languages of Spain. (4) These liberties find their limitation in the respect for the rights recognized in this Title, in the precepts of the laws which develop it and, especially, in the right to honour, privacy, personal identity, and protection of youth and childhood . (5) The closure of publications, recordings, or other means of information may only be determined by a judicial resolution .
18. Vocento, Antena 3 TV, Tele 5, PRISA, and Recoletos are public owned companies but their financial results are irregular Other projects like Quiero TV or Diario 16 closed Now, the group Zeta is in troubles
19. PRISA share value declines more than the average in the last five years
21. (6) Typology of media groups Main players Telefonica and PRISA Players with important foreign capital Telecinco (Mediaset) Unidad Editorial (Rizzoli) Planeta (A3 50% with De Agostini and RTL) Growing groups Mediapro (Imagina) Auna Family groups Zeta Godó Regional and family groups Joly Prensa Ibérica Grupo Voz
26. Some conclusions about Spanish media groups (1) Nobody knows what will happen to historical family business media groups: PRISA and ZETA (2) Telefónica (golden share!) is still the national champion thanks to its financial power (3) About the contents The pay-per-view is sustainable only thanks to soccer The current systems has been broken due to newcomers and digital technology (it is cheaper) (4) The digital challenge Currently, the digital income add up an average of 5-10% PRISA’s recognized incomes were only 1%
34. ABC Based on Madrid and founded in 1903 728.000 daily readers Owned by Vocento Traditionally, linked to the Monarchy and the Catholic Church Very influential in the right wing The only Berliner daily in Spain! El Mundo Based on Madrid and founded in 1989 1,3M daily readers Owned by Unidad Editorial Similar to British tabloids Right wing oriented
35.
36. La Razón Based on Madrid and founded in 1998 355.000 daily readers Owned by Planeta Liberal economics and very conservative politics (Osservatore) Few, but loyal readers Público Based on Madrid and founded in 2007 238.000 daily readers Owned by Mediapro Youngest daily Left oriented
37.
38. La Vanguardia Based on Barcelona and founded in 1881 731.000 daily readers Owned by Godó Critical support to regional parties and its causes (and excellent international reports!) Catalonian middle-class
39. Expansión Based on Madrid 194.000 daily readers Owned by Unidad Editorial The most influential economic newspaper Growing audience
43. Public Service Broadcasting National and regional level Highly pressured by political parties Now, in process of depoliticization RTVE Officially, controlled by the Parliament It operates radio, TV and Internet media, as well as TVE International and Radio Exterior de España
44. FORTA Regional radio and TVs federation 12 regional channels dependent on regional Parliaments International broadcast via satellite platforms Cities and councils About 500 local public radio stations depending on the Town Hall Not so interesting
45. Antena 3 Based on Madrid and founded in 1989 About 17,5% Owned by Planeta Tele 5 Based on Madrid and founded in 1989 About 17,5% Owned by Mediaset
46. La Sexta Based on Madrid and founded in 2007 About 8% Owned by Mediapro - Imagina Cuatro Based on Madrid and founded in 2005 (1989) About 7,5% Owned by Tele 5, formerly by PRISA Really interesting case of the market: before Cuatro, it was Canal Plus
47. Digital Plus Leader option in PPV and thematic TV provider Owned by PRISA Not interesting business, despite its popularity Mature market, but where’s the money? Other DDT Emerging market Nice opportunity to develop niche contents in the audiovisual market Gol TV: niche TV broadcasts only soccer and it has 1M suscribers
50. Radio is a really influential mass media It dominates the political agenda thanks to early morning news It is market with about 23M daily listeners The average is 108 minutes daily How?
58. AIMC: ASSOCIATION FOR RESEARCH ON MEDIA http://www.aimc.es Activities include audience measurement AIMC publishes every three months the General Media Study (EGM) which measures the ratings of the press, radio, Internet television in Spain. EGI: GENERAL STUDY OF INTERNET http://www.estudiogeneraldeinternet.com Madrid-based company that produces studies for hearing on websites in Spain.
59. OJD: OFFICE OF JUSTIFICATION FOR DISTRIBUTION http://www.ojd.es Official data from Spanish Newspaper circulation. It also allows access to data dissemination conventional paper media. Updated monthly. Very controversial office SOFRES MEDIA AUDIENCE http://www.sofresam.com It provides data weekly audience figures reached by the national television channels and regional.
