2. The double arrow tells us that this reaction can go in both directions : N 2 + 3H 2 2NH 3
3. 1) Reactants react to become products, N 2 + 3H 2 2NH 3 (‘ forward ’ reaction) N 2 + 3H 2 2NH 3
4. 1) Reactants react to become products, while simultaneously, N 2 + 3H 2 2NH 3 (‘ forward ’ reaction) 2) Products react to become reactants N 2 + 3H 2 2NH 3 (‘ reverse ’ reaction) N 2 + 3H 2 2NH 3
5. In a closed system, where no reactants, products, or energy can be added to or removed from the reaction, a reversible reaction will reach equilibrium . N 2 + 3H 2 2NH 3
6. At equilibrium, the rate of the forward reaction becomes equal to the rate of the reverse reaction, and so, like our escalator metaphor, the two sides, reactants and products, will have constant amounts, even though the reactions continue to occur. N 2 + 3H 2 2NH 3
7. However (like the metaphor), the equilibrium amounts of reactants and products are usually not equal, they just remain unchanged. N 2 + 3H 2 2NH 3
30. etc! the reactions go on continuously in both directions. reverse forward
31. Changes in the concentrations of the reactants and products can be graphed; the graph indicates when equilibrium has been reached. concentration time
32. For N 2 + 3H 2 2NH 3 , suppose you begin with the following: N 2 = 1 M, H 2 = 1 M, and NH 3 = 0 M concentration time
33. For N 2 + 3H 2 2NH 3 , suppose you begin with the following: N 2 = 1 M, H 2 = 1 M, and NH 3 = 0 M concentration time
34. For N 2 + 3H 2 2NH 3 , suppose you begin with the following: N 2 = 1 M, H 2 = 1 M, and NH 3 = 0 M concentration time
35. For N 2 + 3H 2 2NH 3 , suppose you begin with the following: N 2 = 1 M, H 2 = 1 M, and NH 3 = 0 M concentration time
36. For N 2 + 3H 2 2NH 3 , suppose you begin with the following: N 2 = 1 M, H 2 = 1 M, and NH 3 = 0 M concentration time
37. For N 2 + 3H 2 2NH 3 , suppose you begin with the following: N 2 = 1 M, H 2 = 1 M, and NH 3 = 0 M concentration time
38. For N 2 + 3H 2 2NH 3 , suppose you begin with the following: N 2 = 1 M, H 2 = 1 M, and NH 3 = 0 M concentration time
39. For N 2 + 3H 2 2NH 3 , suppose you begin with the following: N 2 = 1 M, H 2 = 1 M, and NH 3 = 0 M concentration time
40. For N 2 + 3H 2 2NH 3 , suppose you begin with the following: N 2 = 1 M, H 2 = 1 M, and NH 3 = 0 M concentration time
41. For N 2 + 3H 2 2NH 3 , suppose you begin with the following: N 2 = 1 M, H 2 = 1 M, and NH 3 = 0 M concentration time
42. For N 2 + 3H 2 2NH 3 , suppose you begin with the following: N 2 = 1 M, H 2 = 1 M, and NH 3 = 0 M concentration time
43. For N 2 + 3H 2 2NH 3 , suppose you begin with the following: N 2 = 1 M, H 2 = 1 M, and NH 3 = 0 M concentration time
44. For N 2 + 3H 2 2NH 3 , suppose you begin with the following: N 2 = 1 M, H 2 = 1 M, and NH 3 = 0 M concentration time
45. For N 2 + 3H 2 2NH 3 , suppose you begin with the following: N 2 = 1 M, H 2 = 1 M, and NH 3 = 0 M concentration time
46. For N 2 + 3H 2 2NH 3 , suppose you begin with the following: N 2 = 1 M, H 2 = 1 M, and NH 3 = 0 M concentration time
47. For N 2 + 3H 2 2NH 3 , suppose you begin with the following: N 2 = 1 M, H 2 = 1 M, and NH 3 = 0 M concentration time
48. For N 2 + 3H 2 2NH 3 , suppose you begin with the following: N 2 = 1 M, H 2 = 1 M, and NH 3 = 0 M concentration time
49. For N 2 + 3H 2 2NH 3 , suppose you begin with the following: N 2 = 1 M, H 2 = 1 M, and NH 3 = 0 M concentration time [ N 2 ] [ H 2 ] [ NH 3 ]
50. For N 2 + 3H 2 2NH 3 , suppose you begin with the following: N 2 = 1 M, H 2 = 1 M, and NH 3 = 0 M concentration time Question 3: at what point has equilibrium been established? [ N 2 ] [ H 2 ] [ NH 3 ]
51. For N 2 + 3H 2 2NH 3 , suppose you begin with the following: N 2 = 1 M, H 2 = 1 M, and NH 3 = 0 M concentration time Question 4: what does the graph tell you about the concentration of each species once equilibrium is established? [ N 2 ] [ H 2 ] [ NH 3 ]
52. For N 2 + 3H 2 2NH 3 , suppose you begin with the following: N 2 = 1 M, H 2 = 1 M, and NH 3 = 0 M concentration time Question 5: what might a rate vs time graph look like for the above reaction? [ N 2 ] [ H 2 ] [ NH 3 ]
53. rate time Question 5: what might a rate vs time graph look like for the above reaction? For and still beginning with N 2 = 1 M, H 2 = 1 M, and NH 3 = 0 M N 2 + 3H 2 2NH 3
54. For and still beginning with rate time N 2 = 1 M, H 2 = 1 M, and NH 3 = 0 M N 2 + 3H 2 2NH 3
55. For and still beginning with rate time N 2 + 3H 2 2NH 3 N 2 = 1 M, H 2 = 1 M, and NH 3 = 0 M Question 6: at what point has equilibrium been established? forward reverse
56. rate time Question 7: describe how the two graphs are related. concentration time N 2 H 2 NH 3 forward reverse
57. Question 8: do either of the two graphs indicate if K eq >1 or K eq <1? concentration time N 2 H 2 NH 3 forward reverse rate time
