SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 37
Download to read offline
English 83R
Week 6, Day 1
February 24, 2014
English 83R Mrs. E. Buchanan
• Quiz: Topic, Main Ideas, and Supporting Details
• Patterns of Organization

Agenda
TRANSITIONS
• Authors use two common methods to show connections,
or relationships, between ideas.
• These two methods are transitions and patterns of
organization.

Transitions
• We all use transition words all the time – everyday when you have a conversation with someone. You might
be talking at the dinner table with your family. You start
out talking about your day at school, perhaps your
midterm grades and other school related topics. The next
thing you realize is that you are now talking about your
upcoming spring break vacation. How did you jump
topics during your conversation? By using transition
words to get there.

Transitions
• The conversation might go like this:
• Mom: How was your day at school, Johnny?

• Johnny: First of all, I went to my English 83R class, took
my vocab quiz, and got an A. After class, I went to the
library to start working on my midterm paper. Next, I
went to lunch with Joey, and finally I went to the travel
agency to pick up tickets for our trip to Cancun.

Transitions
• During reading, it is important to pay special attention to
transition words.
• These special words show the relationships between ideas
within sentences and within paragraphs

Transitions
• Look at the sentences below. Which one is easier to read
and understand?
• Naomi was happy to find out that she is having another
baby boy. She needs to take out the clothes that her older
son wore when he was first born. She will have new
carpet installed. She will buy a new crib.
• Naomi was happy to find out that she is having a baby
boy. First of all , she needs to take out the clothes that her
older son wore when he was first born. Next she will have
new carpet installed. Finally, she will buy a new crib.

Transitions
• Sentence number one did not make sense
• The addition of the transition words First, next, and
finally in the second paragraph makes the situation clear.
• Although Naomi is happy to be having a another boy, she
now needs to find clothes, install new carpet, and buy a
crib.

Transitions
• Transitions are words or phrases (like first of all) that
show relationships between ideas. They are like signs on
the road that guide travelers.
• Writers often signal a change in topic with a transition
word or phrase that serves as a link or bridge from one
thought to the next one.
• Now let’s discuss patterns or organization – through this
you will see how transition words are used.

Transitions
INTRODUCTION TO PATTERNS
OF ORGANIZATION
• Writers organize their supporting sentences and ideas in
ways called Patterns of Organization.
• Just as transitions show relationships between ideas in
sentences, patterns of organization show the relationships
between supporting details in paragraphs, essays, and
chapters.
• Patterns of organization are structures our minds use all
the time.
• All of our thinking and communicating depend on
patterns of organization.

Patterns of Organization
•
•
•
•
•

List of Items
Cause and Effect
Comparison and Contrast
Examples and Illustrations
Chronological Order

Patterns of Organization
• A list of items is a series of reasons, examples, or other
details that support an idea.
• The items have no time order, but are listed in whatever
order the author prefers.
• If you were to win the lottery today, what are the five
things you would do immediately after you received the
news? (Write this on a piece of paper.)

List of items pattern
Sometimes authors use
numbers (1,2,3),
letters (a, b, c)
or asterisks (*)
to show the individual items on the list.

Listing
One

First (of all)

Secondly

Thirdly

To begin with

For one thing

Other

Another

Also

In addition

Next

Moreover

Further

Furthermore

Last (of all)

List of Items
Transition (addition) Words
• He does something to
me, that boy.
• He steps on my heart.
• He makes me cry

List of Items

• “He does
something too
me, that boy.
He steps on my
heart. He
makes me cry.”
(Death, the
book thief, p.
531)
• One thing or event causes another thing to happen.
• Cause and effect reasoning gives logical reasons that
answer why or how.
• A cause is a reason for something happening; an effect is
the result or outcome.
• Transition words: because, thus, therefore, as a result,
for this reason, to explain, consequently, hence, so, affect,
accordingly, due to, results in

Cause and Effect
• Narrator: It happened in the days before mail service and
telephones. A wealthy farmer took a long trip. When he
arrived home, he asked the first field hand he saw what
had happened while he was away. This is how their
conversation went:
• Field hand: Well, the dog died.
• Farmer: The dog died! How?

Cause and Effect
• Field Hand: The horses ran over him when they became
frightened and ran out of the barn.
• Farmer: What scared the horses? Why did they run?
• Field hand: They were running from the flames when the
barn caught on fire.

Cause and Effect
• Farmer: Good grief! How did the barn catch on fire?
• Field hand: Well, sir, flames jumped from the house and
caught the barn on fire.
• Farmer: From the house! Did the house burn down too?
• Field Hand: Yep, the house is gone too.

Cause and Effect
• Farmer: How on earth did the house burn down?
• Field Hand: You see, one of the candles around your wife’s
casket fell over and caught the house on fire.

Cause and Effect
•
•
•
•
•
•

Because the candles on the wife’s casket fell over the …
House burned down
Because flames jumped from the house the…
Barn caught on fire
Because the horses were scared they…
Ran over the dog

Cause and Effect
•
•
•
•
•
•

Group 1: Reasons for attending college
Group 2: The importance of exercise
Group 3: Tips for men on how to propose marriage
Group 4: Why you should stop smoking
Group 5: The importance of participating in class
Group 6: The advantages of becoming a vegetarian

Write a cause & effect
paragraph using the assigned
topic.
• A comparison shows the similarities between two or more
ideas, people, or things.
• A contrast shows the differences.
• Comparison and contrast may be seen as separate patterns
of thought; however, they often work together.
• Transition words: as, like, similarly, in a similar manner,
likewise, in comparison, in a like manner, both

Comparison/Contrast
In the cartoon above, the word resemble
helps show a comparison is being made.
Comparison words: but, yet, however,
although, nevertheless

Comparison Words
Contrast words show that things differ in one or more ways. In the
cartoon, the speaker is contrasting two ways to die.
Contrast words: but, yet, however; although, nevertheless, instead, in
contrast, on the other hand, while, unlike, despite
Compare & Contrast Activity: Lincoln vs. Kennedy

Contrast words
• A paragraph of examples usually gives a general statement of
the main idea and then presents one or more concrete examples
to provide support for this idea.
• Many writers place the most important or convincing example
either first, as an attention-getter, or last, as a dramatic climax.
• While the terms example and illustration are used
interchangeably, an illustration is usually longer, and there may
only be one in the paragraph.

Examples
Illustration words signal that an author is providing one or more
examples to develop and clarify an idea.
In the cartoon below, the husband gives examples of what, to him, are
deep emotions.
Illustration Words:
(for) example, including, one, once,
(for) instance, specifically, such as,
Specifically, to illustrate, once,
To be specific, (as an illustration)

Example & Illustration
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

“Money” (by Richard Armour)
Workers earn it
Bankers lend it
Women spend it
Forgers fake it
Taxes take it
Dying leave it
Heirs receive it

Examples
• A paragraph of definition will define, clarify, or explain a
key term.
• Definitions can be developed by providing dictionary
meanings or personal meanings.
• They can also be developed by means of examples or by
comparing and contrasting the key word to other words.

Definition
• See if you can arrange the following sentences in a logical
order, so that they form a short paragraph. Which sentence
should come first? Second? Third? Last? Use the time words
as a guide.
• A. Next, the two people declare themselves a couple, telling
friends and relatives about the new person in their lives.
• B. The two people then make a commitment to have an
exclusive relationship with each other.
• C. A relationship begins when two people show interest in each
other and choose to spend time together.
• D. Last, the two people formalize the relationship by
cohabitation or marriage.

Chronological Order
• A relationship begins when two people show interest in each
other and choose to spend time together. The two people then
make a commitment to have an exclusive relationship with
each other. Next, the two people declare themselves a couple,
telling friends and relatives about the new person in their lives.
Last, the two people formalize the relationship by cohabitation
or marriage.
• Authors usually present events in the order in which they
happen, resulting in the time order pattern of organization.
• The time transitions then, Next, and Last introduce the points
being listed and indicate their order.

Chronological Order
• Two kinds of time order are a series of events or stages
and steps in a process.
• As a student, you’ll see time order used frequently. For
example, textbooks in all fields describe events and
processes, such as …
•
•
•
•
•

the events leading to the Boston Tea Party
the important incidents in Abraham Lincoln’s life
the steps involved for a bill to travel through Congress
the process involved in writing a paper
the stages in the development of a cell
 Main idea: Children master language in predictable
stages.
1. At about six months, babies begin to repeat sounds
2. Three or four months later, babies can repeat sounds
and carry on little “conversations.”
3. Toddlers understand many words but cannot talk.
4. Finally, the child talks in single words and two-word
sentences.

Time Order
• Here is a timeline of my daughter’s academic life.
First of all, Naomi started school at Adelaide Price in
1991. Next she graduated from Buena Park High
School in 2004. Thirdly, she completed her
undergraduate studies at Cal State Fullerton in 2009.
Finally, she completed her graduate program in 2012.

Time Order/
Series of Events
•
•
•
•
•

Patterns of Organization Practice
Essay #1 Writing Center Requirement Due
Rough Draft Essay #1
Prepare for Literature Circle 3
Study for Vocabulary Quiz #1

For Wednesday, 2/26/14

More Related Content

What's hot

Class 9 n writing workshop essay 2
Class 9 n writing workshop essay 2Class 9 n writing workshop essay 2
Class 9 n writing workshop essay 2jordanlachance
 
Week five thurs
Week five thursWeek five thurs
Week five thursErin Hovey
 
Week four (2) thurs
Week four (2) thursWeek four (2) thurs
Week four (2) thursErin Hovey
 
Literatureessaystructure
LiteratureessaystructureLiteratureessaystructure
Literatureessaystructuretcher
 
Week four (2) tues thurs
Week four (2) tues thursWeek four (2) tues thurs
Week four (2) tues thursErin Hovey
 
Week five (2) thurs
Week five (2) thursWeek five (2) thurs
Week five (2) thursErin Hovey
 
Gatsby syntax powerpoint (2)
Gatsby syntax powerpoint (2)Gatsby syntax powerpoint (2)
Gatsby syntax powerpoint (2)kb615
 
The Notice and Note Lessons for Reading Literary Texts presented at CCIRA by ...
The Notice and Note Lessons for Reading Literary Texts presented at CCIRA by ...The Notice and Note Lessons for Reading Literary Texts presented at CCIRA by ...
The Notice and Note Lessons for Reading Literary Texts presented at CCIRA by ...kylenebeers
 
Week seven thurs (2)
Week seven  thurs (2)Week seven  thurs (2)
Week seven thurs (2)Erin Hovey
 
Ewrt 211 class 8
Ewrt 211 class 8Ewrt 211 class 8
Ewrt 211 class 8kimpalmore
 
Ed.tech 2 grammar-smmp 108 [autosaved]
Ed.tech 2 grammar-smmp 108 [autosaved]Ed.tech 2 grammar-smmp 108 [autosaved]
Ed.tech 2 grammar-smmp 108 [autosaved]Analyn Montino
 
FS Main Characters (Textbook Chapter 4)
FS Main Characters (Textbook Chapter 4)FS Main Characters (Textbook Chapter 4)
FS Main Characters (Textbook Chapter 4)aaron.glascock
 
Class 9 online
Class 9 onlineClass 9 online
Class 9 onlinekimpalmore
 

What's hot (20)

Class 9 n writing workshop essay 2
Class 9 n writing workshop essay 2Class 9 n writing workshop essay 2
Class 9 n writing workshop essay 2
 
Week five thurs
Week five thursWeek five thurs
Week five thurs
 
Week four (2) thurs
Week four (2) thursWeek four (2) thurs
Week four (2) thurs
 
Literatureessaystructure
LiteratureessaystructureLiteratureessaystructure
Literatureessaystructure
 
Notice and note
Notice and note Notice and note
Notice and note
 
Week four (2) tues thurs
Week four (2) tues thursWeek four (2) tues thurs
Week four (2) tues thurs
 
Week five (2) thurs
Week five (2) thursWeek five (2) thurs
Week five (2) thurs
 
D8-EWRT 211-HP
D8-EWRT 211-HPD8-EWRT 211-HP
D8-EWRT 211-HP
 
D7-EWRT 211
D7-EWRT 211D7-EWRT 211
D7-EWRT 211
 
D5-EWRT 211
D5-EWRT 211D5-EWRT 211
D5-EWRT 211
 
Gatsby syntax powerpoint (2)
Gatsby syntax powerpoint (2)Gatsby syntax powerpoint (2)
Gatsby syntax powerpoint (2)
 
The Notice and Note Lessons for Reading Literary Texts presented at CCIRA by ...
The Notice and Note Lessons for Reading Literary Texts presented at CCIRA by ...The Notice and Note Lessons for Reading Literary Texts presented at CCIRA by ...
The Notice and Note Lessons for Reading Literary Texts presented at CCIRA by ...
 
Week seven thurs (2)
Week seven  thurs (2)Week seven  thurs (2)
Week seven thurs (2)
 
1 c class 1
1 c class 11 c class 1
1 c class 1
 
9th grade english active passive persuasion
9th grade english active passive persuasion9th grade english active passive persuasion
9th grade english active passive persuasion
 
Ewrt 211 class 8
Ewrt 211 class 8Ewrt 211 class 8
Ewrt 211 class 8
 
Ed.tech 2 grammar-smmp 108 [autosaved]
Ed.tech 2 grammar-smmp 108 [autosaved]Ed.tech 2 grammar-smmp 108 [autosaved]
Ed.tech 2 grammar-smmp 108 [autosaved]
 
E10 dec5 2011
E10 dec5 2011E10 dec5 2011
E10 dec5 2011
 
FS Main Characters (Textbook Chapter 4)
FS Main Characters (Textbook Chapter 4)FS Main Characters (Textbook Chapter 4)
FS Main Characters (Textbook Chapter 4)
 
Class 9 online
Class 9 onlineClass 9 online
Class 9 online
 

Viewers also liked

English 72 Week 9, Day 2 March 19, 2014
English 72 Week 9, Day 2 March 19, 2014English 72 Week 9, Day 2 March 19, 2014
English 72 Week 9, Day 2 March 19, 2014Elizabeth Buchanan
 
Perspectives in analyzing literarture
Perspectives in analyzing literarturePerspectives in analyzing literarture
Perspectives in analyzing literartureElizabeth Buchanan
 
Eng 72 83 r week 12 day 1 040714
Eng 72 83 r week 12 day 1 040714Eng 72 83 r week 12 day 1 040714
Eng 72 83 r week 12 day 1 040714Elizabeth Buchanan
 
English 83 r week 6 day 2 100114
English 83 r week 6 day 2 100114English 83 r week 6 day 2 100114
English 83 r week 6 day 2 100114Elizabeth Buchanan
 
Eng 72 83 r week 12 day 2 040914.pptx
Eng 72 83 r week 12 day 2 040914.pptxEng 72 83 r week 12 day 2 040914.pptx
Eng 72 83 r week 12 day 2 040914.pptxElizabeth Buchanan
 
Eng 83 r toulmin's method of argumentationr
Eng 83 r toulmin's method of argumentationrEng 83 r toulmin's method of argumentationr
Eng 83 r toulmin's method of argumentationrElizabeth Buchanan
 

Viewers also liked (8)

English 72 Week 9, Day 2 March 19, 2014
English 72 Week 9, Day 2 March 19, 2014English 72 Week 9, Day 2 March 19, 2014
English 72 Week 9, Day 2 March 19, 2014
 
Perspectives in analyzing literarture
Perspectives in analyzing literarturePerspectives in analyzing literarture
Perspectives in analyzing literarture
 
Eng 72 83 r week 12 day 1 040714
Eng 72 83 r week 12 day 1 040714Eng 72 83 r week 12 day 1 040714
Eng 72 83 r week 12 day 1 040714
 
Eng 83 r week 6 day 1 092814r
Eng 83 r week 6 day 1 092814rEng 83 r week 6 day 1 092814r
Eng 83 r week 6 day 1 092814r
 
English 83 r week 6 day 2 100114
English 83 r week 6 day 2 100114English 83 r week 6 day 2 100114
English 83 r week 6 day 2 100114
 
Finding the main idea eng 81
Finding the main idea eng 81Finding the main idea eng 81
Finding the main idea eng 81
 
Eng 72 83 r week 12 day 2 040914.pptx
Eng 72 83 r week 12 day 2 040914.pptxEng 72 83 r week 12 day 2 040914.pptx
Eng 72 83 r week 12 day 2 040914.pptx
 
Eng 83 r toulmin's method of argumentationr
Eng 83 r toulmin's method of argumentationrEng 83 r toulmin's method of argumentationr
Eng 83 r toulmin's method of argumentationr
 

Similar to Eng 83 r week 6 day 1 022414 transitions and patterns of organization

Similar to Eng 83 r week 6 day 1 022414 transitions and patterns of organization (20)

Esl 1
Esl 1Esl 1
Esl 1
 
E10 nov22 2010
E10 nov22  2010E10 nov22  2010
E10 nov22 2010
 
4.types of essays
4.types of essays4.types of essays
4.types of essays
 
Working towards paragraphs
Working towards paragraphsWorking towards paragraphs
Working towards paragraphs
 
Warm Ups - 7th Grade
Warm Ups - 7th GradeWarm Ups - 7th Grade
Warm Ups - 7th Grade
 
Essay writing 5th types of essay
Essay writing 5th types of essayEssay writing 5th types of essay
Essay writing 5th types of essay
 
Transition Words and Phrases (1).pptx
Transition Words and Phrases (1).pptxTransition Words and Phrases (1).pptx
Transition Words and Phrases (1).pptx
 
Chapter 1 writing (1)
Chapter 1 writing (1)Chapter 1 writing (1)
Chapter 1 writing (1)
 
Class 13 online
Class 13 onlineClass 13 online
Class 13 online
 
English 83 r week 2 day 1 012714 context clues summarizing
English 83 r week 2 day 1 012714  context clues summarizingEnglish 83 r week 2 day 1 012714  context clues summarizing
English 83 r week 2 day 1 012714 context clues summarizing
 
Punctuation for the benefit of graduate students
Punctuation for the benefit of graduate studentsPunctuation for the benefit of graduate students
Punctuation for the benefit of graduate students
 
Determiners
DeterminersDeterminers
Determiners
 
Stars pp
Stars ppStars pp
Stars pp
 
Class 8 n
Class 8 nClass 8 n
Class 8 n
 
Writing a research paper
Writing a research paperWriting a research paper
Writing a research paper
 
Class 6
Class 6Class 6
Class 6
 
Class 8 n
Class 8 nClass 8 n
Class 8 n
 
Class 8 n
Class 8 nClass 8 n
Class 8 n
 
Tricky grammar part 3
Tricky grammar   part 3Tricky grammar   part 3
Tricky grammar part 3
 
Paragraphdevelopment2012[1]
Paragraphdevelopment2012[1]Paragraphdevelopment2012[1]
Paragraphdevelopment2012[1]
 

More from Elizabeth Buchanan

Eng 83 r week 3 day 2 implied mi supp details
Eng 83 r week 3 day 2 implied mi supp detailsEng 83 r week 3 day 2 implied mi supp details
Eng 83 r week 3 day 2 implied mi supp detailsElizabeth Buchanan
 
The Main Idea and Topic for ENG 72
The Main Idea and Topic for ENG 72The Main Idea and Topic for ENG 72
The Main Idea and Topic for ENG 72Elizabeth Buchanan
 
Vocabulary and Dictionary Skills
Vocabulary and Dictionary SkillsVocabulary and Dictionary Skills
Vocabulary and Dictionary SkillsElizabeth Buchanan
 
English 72 College Study Techniques
English 72 College Study Techniques English 72 College Study Techniques
English 72 College Study Techniques Elizabeth Buchanan
 
Eng 72 83 r week 13 day 2 april 23 logical fallacies
Eng 72 83 r week 13 day 2 april 23 logical fallaciesEng 72 83 r week 13 day 2 april 23 logical fallacies
Eng 72 83 r week 13 day 2 april 23 logical fallaciesElizabeth Buchanan
 
Elements of a story for double luck
Elements of a story for double luckElements of a story for double luck
Elements of a story for double luckElizabeth Buchanan
 
English 52 72 (83 r) –review of emotional appeals
English 52 72 (83 r)  –review of emotional appealsEnglish 52 72 (83 r)  –review of emotional appeals
English 52 72 (83 r) –review of emotional appealsElizabeth Buchanan
 
Eng 72 83 r week 12 day 1 040714
Eng 72 83 r week 12 day 1 040714Eng 72 83 r week 12 day 1 040714
Eng 72 83 r week 12 day 1 040714Elizabeth Buchanan
 
Eng 72 83 r week 11 day 1 033114
Eng 72 83 r week 11 day 1 033114Eng 72 83 r week 11 day 1 033114
Eng 72 83 r week 11 day 1 033114Elizabeth Buchanan
 

More from Elizabeth Buchanan (20)

Analyzing literature
Analyzing literatureAnalyzing literature
Analyzing literature
 
Eng 83 r fact & opinion
Eng 83 r fact & opinionEng 83 r fact & opinion
Eng 83 r fact & opinion
 
Eng 83 r know what learn
Eng 83 r know what learnEng 83 r know what learn
Eng 83 r know what learn
 
Elements of a story
Elements of a storyElements of a story
Elements of a story
 
Eng 83 r week 4 day 1 091514
Eng 83 r week 4 day 1 091514Eng 83 r week 4 day 1 091514
Eng 83 r week 4 day 1 091514
 
Eng 83 r week 4 day 2 091714
Eng 83 r week 4 day 2 091714Eng 83 r week 4 day 2 091714
Eng 83 r week 4 day 2 091714
 
Eng 83 r week 3 day 2 implied mi supp details
Eng 83 r week 3 day 2 implied mi supp detailsEng 83 r week 3 day 2 implied mi supp details
Eng 83 r week 3 day 2 implied mi supp details
 
Introduction to-poetry (1)
Introduction to-poetry (1)Introduction to-poetry (1)
Introduction to-poetry (1)
 
Elements of Poetry
Elements of PoetryElements of Poetry
Elements of Poetry
 
Week 2 day 2 090314 rev
Week 2 day 2 090314 revWeek 2 day 2 090314 rev
Week 2 day 2 090314 rev
 
Eng 83 r week 1 day 1 082514
Eng 83 r week 1 day 1 082514Eng 83 r week 1 day 1 082514
Eng 83 r week 1 day 1 082514
 
Eng 72 fact & opinion r
Eng 72 fact & opinion rEng 72 fact & opinion r
Eng 72 fact & opinion r
 
The Main Idea and Topic for ENG 72
The Main Idea and Topic for ENG 72The Main Idea and Topic for ENG 72
The Main Idea and Topic for ENG 72
 
Vocabulary and Dictionary Skills
Vocabulary and Dictionary SkillsVocabulary and Dictionary Skills
Vocabulary and Dictionary Skills
 
English 72 College Study Techniques
English 72 College Study Techniques English 72 College Study Techniques
English 72 College Study Techniques
 
Eng 72 83 r week 13 day 2 april 23 logical fallacies
Eng 72 83 r week 13 day 2 april 23 logical fallaciesEng 72 83 r week 13 day 2 april 23 logical fallacies
Eng 72 83 r week 13 day 2 april 23 logical fallacies
 
Elements of a story for double luck
Elements of a story for double luckElements of a story for double luck
Elements of a story for double luck
 
English 52 72 (83 r) –review of emotional appeals
English 52 72 (83 r)  –review of emotional appealsEnglish 52 72 (83 r)  –review of emotional appeals
English 52 72 (83 r) –review of emotional appeals
 
Eng 72 83 r week 12 day 1 040714
Eng 72 83 r week 12 day 1 040714Eng 72 83 r week 12 day 1 040714
Eng 72 83 r week 12 day 1 040714
 
Eng 72 83 r week 11 day 1 033114
Eng 72 83 r week 11 day 1 033114Eng 72 83 r week 11 day 1 033114
Eng 72 83 r week 11 day 1 033114
 

Eng 83 r week 6 day 1 022414 transitions and patterns of organization

  • 1. English 83R Week 6, Day 1 February 24, 2014 English 83R Mrs. E. Buchanan
  • 2. • Quiz: Topic, Main Ideas, and Supporting Details • Patterns of Organization Agenda
  • 4. • Authors use two common methods to show connections, or relationships, between ideas. • These two methods are transitions and patterns of organization. Transitions
  • 5. • We all use transition words all the time – everyday when you have a conversation with someone. You might be talking at the dinner table with your family. You start out talking about your day at school, perhaps your midterm grades and other school related topics. The next thing you realize is that you are now talking about your upcoming spring break vacation. How did you jump topics during your conversation? By using transition words to get there. Transitions
  • 6. • The conversation might go like this: • Mom: How was your day at school, Johnny? • Johnny: First of all, I went to my English 83R class, took my vocab quiz, and got an A. After class, I went to the library to start working on my midterm paper. Next, I went to lunch with Joey, and finally I went to the travel agency to pick up tickets for our trip to Cancun. Transitions
  • 7. • During reading, it is important to pay special attention to transition words. • These special words show the relationships between ideas within sentences and within paragraphs Transitions
  • 8. • Look at the sentences below. Which one is easier to read and understand? • Naomi was happy to find out that she is having another baby boy. She needs to take out the clothes that her older son wore when he was first born. She will have new carpet installed. She will buy a new crib. • Naomi was happy to find out that she is having a baby boy. First of all , she needs to take out the clothes that her older son wore when he was first born. Next she will have new carpet installed. Finally, she will buy a new crib. Transitions
  • 9. • Sentence number one did not make sense • The addition of the transition words First, next, and finally in the second paragraph makes the situation clear. • Although Naomi is happy to be having a another boy, she now needs to find clothes, install new carpet, and buy a crib. Transitions
  • 10. • Transitions are words or phrases (like first of all) that show relationships between ideas. They are like signs on the road that guide travelers. • Writers often signal a change in topic with a transition word or phrase that serves as a link or bridge from one thought to the next one. • Now let’s discuss patterns or organization – through this you will see how transition words are used. Transitions
  • 12. • Writers organize their supporting sentences and ideas in ways called Patterns of Organization. • Just as transitions show relationships between ideas in sentences, patterns of organization show the relationships between supporting details in paragraphs, essays, and chapters. • Patterns of organization are structures our minds use all the time. • All of our thinking and communicating depend on patterns of organization. Patterns of Organization
  • 13. • • • • • List of Items Cause and Effect Comparison and Contrast Examples and Illustrations Chronological Order Patterns of Organization
  • 14. • A list of items is a series of reasons, examples, or other details that support an idea. • The items have no time order, but are listed in whatever order the author prefers. • If you were to win the lottery today, what are the five things you would do immediately after you received the news? (Write this on a piece of paper.) List of items pattern
  • 15. Sometimes authors use numbers (1,2,3), letters (a, b, c) or asterisks (*) to show the individual items on the list. Listing
  • 16. One First (of all) Secondly Thirdly To begin with For one thing Other Another Also In addition Next Moreover Further Furthermore Last (of all) List of Items Transition (addition) Words
  • 17. • He does something to me, that boy. • He steps on my heart. • He makes me cry List of Items • “He does something too me, that boy. He steps on my heart. He makes me cry.” (Death, the book thief, p. 531)
  • 18. • One thing or event causes another thing to happen. • Cause and effect reasoning gives logical reasons that answer why or how. • A cause is a reason for something happening; an effect is the result or outcome. • Transition words: because, thus, therefore, as a result, for this reason, to explain, consequently, hence, so, affect, accordingly, due to, results in Cause and Effect
  • 19. • Narrator: It happened in the days before mail service and telephones. A wealthy farmer took a long trip. When he arrived home, he asked the first field hand he saw what had happened while he was away. This is how their conversation went: • Field hand: Well, the dog died. • Farmer: The dog died! How? Cause and Effect
  • 20. • Field Hand: The horses ran over him when they became frightened and ran out of the barn. • Farmer: What scared the horses? Why did they run? • Field hand: They were running from the flames when the barn caught on fire. Cause and Effect
  • 21. • Farmer: Good grief! How did the barn catch on fire? • Field hand: Well, sir, flames jumped from the house and caught the barn on fire. • Farmer: From the house! Did the house burn down too? • Field Hand: Yep, the house is gone too. Cause and Effect
  • 22. • Farmer: How on earth did the house burn down? • Field Hand: You see, one of the candles around your wife’s casket fell over and caught the house on fire. Cause and Effect
  • 23. • • • • • • Because the candles on the wife’s casket fell over the … House burned down Because flames jumped from the house the… Barn caught on fire Because the horses were scared they… Ran over the dog Cause and Effect
  • 24. • • • • • • Group 1: Reasons for attending college Group 2: The importance of exercise Group 3: Tips for men on how to propose marriage Group 4: Why you should stop smoking Group 5: The importance of participating in class Group 6: The advantages of becoming a vegetarian Write a cause & effect paragraph using the assigned topic.
  • 25. • A comparison shows the similarities between two or more ideas, people, or things. • A contrast shows the differences. • Comparison and contrast may be seen as separate patterns of thought; however, they often work together. • Transition words: as, like, similarly, in a similar manner, likewise, in comparison, in a like manner, both Comparison/Contrast
  • 26. In the cartoon above, the word resemble helps show a comparison is being made. Comparison words: but, yet, however, although, nevertheless Comparison Words
  • 27. Contrast words show that things differ in one or more ways. In the cartoon, the speaker is contrasting two ways to die. Contrast words: but, yet, however; although, nevertheless, instead, in contrast, on the other hand, while, unlike, despite Compare & Contrast Activity: Lincoln vs. Kennedy Contrast words
  • 28. • A paragraph of examples usually gives a general statement of the main idea and then presents one or more concrete examples to provide support for this idea. • Many writers place the most important or convincing example either first, as an attention-getter, or last, as a dramatic climax. • While the terms example and illustration are used interchangeably, an illustration is usually longer, and there may only be one in the paragraph. Examples
  • 29. Illustration words signal that an author is providing one or more examples to develop and clarify an idea. In the cartoon below, the husband gives examples of what, to him, are deep emotions. Illustration Words: (for) example, including, one, once, (for) instance, specifically, such as, Specifically, to illustrate, once, To be specific, (as an illustration) Example & Illustration
  • 30. • • • • • • • • “Money” (by Richard Armour) Workers earn it Bankers lend it Women spend it Forgers fake it Taxes take it Dying leave it Heirs receive it Examples
  • 31. • A paragraph of definition will define, clarify, or explain a key term. • Definitions can be developed by providing dictionary meanings or personal meanings. • They can also be developed by means of examples or by comparing and contrasting the key word to other words. Definition
  • 32. • See if you can arrange the following sentences in a logical order, so that they form a short paragraph. Which sentence should come first? Second? Third? Last? Use the time words as a guide. • A. Next, the two people declare themselves a couple, telling friends and relatives about the new person in their lives. • B. The two people then make a commitment to have an exclusive relationship with each other. • C. A relationship begins when two people show interest in each other and choose to spend time together. • D. Last, the two people formalize the relationship by cohabitation or marriage. Chronological Order
  • 33. • A relationship begins when two people show interest in each other and choose to spend time together. The two people then make a commitment to have an exclusive relationship with each other. Next, the two people declare themselves a couple, telling friends and relatives about the new person in their lives. Last, the two people formalize the relationship by cohabitation or marriage. • Authors usually present events in the order in which they happen, resulting in the time order pattern of organization. • The time transitions then, Next, and Last introduce the points being listed and indicate their order. Chronological Order
  • 34. • Two kinds of time order are a series of events or stages and steps in a process. • As a student, you’ll see time order used frequently. For example, textbooks in all fields describe events and processes, such as … • • • • • the events leading to the Boston Tea Party the important incidents in Abraham Lincoln’s life the steps involved for a bill to travel through Congress the process involved in writing a paper the stages in the development of a cell
  • 35.  Main idea: Children master language in predictable stages. 1. At about six months, babies begin to repeat sounds 2. Three or four months later, babies can repeat sounds and carry on little “conversations.” 3. Toddlers understand many words but cannot talk. 4. Finally, the child talks in single words and two-word sentences. Time Order
  • 36. • Here is a timeline of my daughter’s academic life. First of all, Naomi started school at Adelaide Price in 1991. Next she graduated from Buena Park High School in 2004. Thirdly, she completed her undergraduate studies at Cal State Fullerton in 2009. Finally, she completed her graduate program in 2012. Time Order/ Series of Events
  • 37. • • • • • Patterns of Organization Practice Essay #1 Writing Center Requirement Due Rough Draft Essay #1 Prepare for Literature Circle 3 Study for Vocabulary Quiz #1 For Wednesday, 2/26/14