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PAD:
-Major healthcare issue worldwide.
-Patients with PAD = risk of
  mortality, MI and CVS.
-Pressing need to commence an
effective therapeutic strategy for
treating patients with PAD.
PAD
โ€ขCommon.
โ€ขUnder-diagnosed
โ€ขUnder-treated.
โ€ขDiagnosed accurately with
simple, noninvasive, office-
based tests .
REVASCULARIZATION
โ€ข   prospective registry.
โ€ข   ASU and NHI.
โ€ข   Symptomatic PAD pts. who
    underwent PTA.
โ€ขThe  study assessed the influence of
varying   factors   (baseline clinical,
demographic, and imaging) on the
success rate IMMEDIATELY and 12 ms.
after PTA for symptomatic PAD pts.

It also suggested a standardized
REPORTING TEMPLATE that can be
used for reporting results of studies
relating    to  peripheral   vascular
interventions.
Immediate outcome:
Clinical Success : Improvement by at
least on clinical category, & well felt
distal pulsation.

Technical Success : Success to enter
the vessel, cross the lesion, or improve
blood flow.

Clinical and technical success had to be fulfilled to consider the
intervention successful.
100
                                               90.4%
80                      73%
      66.5%                       70%
60              57%
                                                            Y
                  43%
40      33.5%                                               N
                          27%       30%
20
                                            9.6%
 0
        DM       HTN    DYSLIP.   Smoking   S.Cr. level >
                                             1.5 mg/dl.
Type of ischemia                TASC
60    56.8%         40      40 %
                       35
50             43.2%               30 %
                       30
40                     25
30                     20
                                          18 %
                       15                        12 %
20
                       10
10                     5
0                      0
     CLI      Claud.        A      B       C     D
13.3%
     Combined
6.7%                             32%
Below knee              Above
                      inguinal
                      ligament



      48%        Below
                inguinal
                ligament;
                above knee
Mean       SD
           No.                        Min     Max
                     Diameter                          4.80     1.919
                        mm.
                                        2      10
Pre stent 138         Length
                                      10.00   80.00   31.254   12.50047
                        mm.
Balloons             Pressure
                                        1      15      8.00     2.656
                        atm.
                  No. of inflations                    3.47     2.938
                                        1      19*
                     Diameter                                   1.171
           185         mm.
                                        5      10      7.22

 Stents               Length
                       mm.
                                       15      150    69.19     27.734


                     Pressure                         12.20     3.194
                       atm.
                                        8      17
                     Diameter                          6.47     1.586
                                       2       10
 Post stent
            121       Length
                                       19      80     37.57     17.693

deployment
                     Pressure                         10.10     2.981
 balloons              atm.
                                       4       18
                  No. of inflations                    3.05     1.664
                                       1       8*
Seven weeks , the patient
                                reported         significant
This       patient      was
                                improvement       in     the
originally    advised      to
                                symptoms of claudication .
undergo an above knee
                                Other than the loss of the
amputation of his right
                                gangrenous      toe,     the
foot , which prompted a
                                patient   was        walking
second opinion and the
                                without   difficulty     and
resulting     endovascular
                                extremely pleased to have
procedure.       Ulcerative
                                been able to avoid the
cellulitis and critical limb
                                above knee amputation.
ischemia (gangrene) of
                                Limb     salvage        was
the    fourth   toe    were
                                accomplished.
evident.
Non-healing ulcers
                                          of the LT & RT foot
                                          that      prompted
                                          endovascular
                                          therapy .




Healing ulcer of the RT foot 4
weeks after restored blood
                                 Wound-healing progress was
flow to the plantar surface of
                                 also made on the LT foot.
the foot
In Hosp.    M.     S.D    P     S
                                                          In hosp.     M.    S.D      P     S
Factor    Mortality                            Factor     morbidity
             No       57.8 9.56
                       8    9                                No       58.19 9.437
 Age
            Yes       68.4 15.0
                                   .042   S     Age
                                                            Yes       56.00 12.87 .441
                                                                                       NS

                       0    93                                                1
                                                             No        1.59 .701
 No of      No        1.61   .693             Number                                   NS
                                  .650 NS                   Yes        2.00 .535 .074
 stents     Yes       1.80   .837             of stents
Number      No        1.33   .688
                                              Number         No       1.36   .715
of          Yes       2.00   1.00 .037 S         of                                         NS
lesions                        0                            Yes       1.31   .630    .808
                                              lesions
Cr.>1.5     No        1.18 .353
                                                             No       1.18   .305
mg/dl       Yes       1.72 .421 .001 HS       Cr.>1.5                                       S
                                                            Yes       1.43   .801    .034
                                              mg/dl
             No       1.01 1.01
TASC D                      7                                No       1.09   1.037
                                   .496 NS                                           .013
            Yes       1.40 1.32
                                              TASC          Yes        .38   .650           S
                                                D
In hospital mortality
                                                 P.     Sig.
                            No         Yes

           % within In
DM   No     hospital
            mortality
                           34.7%        .0%
                                                 .046   S
           % within In
     Yes    hospital       65.3%      100.0%
            mortality

                         In hospital morbidity
                            No         Yes
           % within In
DM   No     hospital
           morbidity
                           35.3%       15.4%
                                                 .146   NS
           % within In
     Yes    hospital       64.7%       84.6%
           morbidity
Alive



                                 SCD
               Others

                       Leg gangrene
Alive 84%   Dead 16%
No symptoms
                                               85 %
 recurrence

               10 %
  Symptoms         4%
                        1%
  recurrence

               0        20      40        60       80      100

               Claudication   CLI    Acute limb ischemia
One year follow up criteria        Value %

Patient state:
  Alive                                         84.0
  Dead                                          16.0
cause of death:
 Leg gangrene                                    3.0
 Sudden cardiac death                           12.0
 Others                                          1.0
Recurrence of LL symptoms                        15
Site of recurrence responsible for symptoms:
 Target lesion                                    7
 Other lesion                                     8
Type of ischemia:
 Claudication                                    10
 CLI                                              4
 Acute                                            1
Management of patients with recurrence of LL
symptoms:
 Endovascular                                   10.3
 Surgical                                        5.1
 Medical ttt                                    84.6
Factor        Patient   Mean    Std. Deviation    P     Sig.
                   state

                  Alive     57.12      9.862
     Age                                             .021   S
                  Dead      63.50     10.752
                  Alive     1.60        .746
 No of stents                                        .929   NS
                  Dead      1.63        .744
                  Alive     1.30        .576
 Number of        Dead      1.38        .619         .628   NS
  lesions
                  Alive     1.24        .422
Creatinine >1.5   Dead      1.18        .274         .555   NS
    mg/dl
                  Alive     1.06       1.068
   TASC D                                            .469   NS
                  Dead      1.21       1.122
Variant          Factor            P value   Sig.
                   Smoking             0.02      S
                 Hypertension          0.05      S
Affected LL   +ve Family history       0.028     S
  (single,
 bilateral)   Number of lesions        .0001    HS

                      Age              .0001    HS

                                       .039
              Creatinine >1.5 mg/dl              S

                 Hypertension          0.001    HS
                 Dyslipidemia

   DM                Lesion
                  Calcification
                                       0.043

                                       0.005
                                                 S

                                                HS

                  Long lesion          0.024     S
                                                 S
              In hospital mortality    0.046
-Dramatic shifts in the management of
PVD      have      occurred    toward
endovascular intervention.
-There seems to be a significant M&M
advantages    for   endovascular   as
compared to surgery.
-The increasing safety of vascular
interventions should be considered with
the    caveat    that    INDEPENDENT
FACTORS OF OUTCOMES SHOULD BE
RESPECTED.
โ€ขEndovascular  ttt is not without
possible in-hospital mortality.
โ€ขEndovascular revascularization
is a good palliative ttt for CCLI
with a recurrence rate of 15 %
(only 4 % recurrence of CCLI).
โ€ขInterestinglylimb salvage
was 100% in this series .
โ€ขThe need for urgent
surgical revascularization
was 1.3 %.
Case reporting by
interventionists
needs to be
improved and
unified.
โ€ขImproving   the identification of
pts with symp. PAD. By ensuring
that physicians are well informed
about PAD prevention, detection,
and management.
โ€ขAn endovascular approach should
be tailored based on a patientโ€™s
comorbidities   and    anatomical
factors.
Registry of long term follow up of PAD

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Registry of long term follow up of PAD

  • 1.
  • 2.
  • 3. PAD: -Major healthcare issue worldwide. -Patients with PAD = risk of mortality, MI and CVS. -Pressing need to commence an effective therapeutic strategy for treating patients with PAD.
  • 6.
  • 7. โ€ข prospective registry. โ€ข ASU and NHI. โ€ข Symptomatic PAD pts. who underwent PTA.
  • 8. โ€ขThe study assessed the influence of varying factors (baseline clinical, demographic, and imaging) on the success rate IMMEDIATELY and 12 ms. after PTA for symptomatic PAD pts. It also suggested a standardized REPORTING TEMPLATE that can be used for reporting results of studies relating to peripheral vascular interventions.
  • 9.
  • 10.
  • 11.
  • 12.
  • 13.
  • 14.
  • 15. Immediate outcome: Clinical Success : Improvement by at least on clinical category, & well felt distal pulsation. Technical Success : Success to enter the vessel, cross the lesion, or improve blood flow. Clinical and technical success had to be fulfilled to consider the intervention successful.
  • 16.
  • 17.
  • 18.
  • 19.
  • 20. 100 90.4% 80 73% 66.5% 70% 60 57% Y 43% 40 33.5% N 27% 30% 20 9.6% 0 DM HTN DYSLIP. Smoking S.Cr. level > 1.5 mg/dl.
  • 21. Type of ischemia TASC 60 56.8% 40 40 % 35 50 43.2% 30 % 30 40 25 30 20 18 % 15 12 % 20 10 10 5 0 0 CLI Claud. A B C D
  • 22. 13.3% Combined 6.7% 32% Below knee Above inguinal ligament 48% Below inguinal ligament; above knee
  • 23.
  • 24. Mean SD No. Min Max Diameter 4.80 1.919 mm. 2 10 Pre stent 138 Length 10.00 80.00 31.254 12.50047 mm. Balloons Pressure 1 15 8.00 2.656 atm. No. of inflations 3.47 2.938 1 19* Diameter 1.171 185 mm. 5 10 7.22 Stents Length mm. 15 150 69.19 27.734 Pressure 12.20 3.194 atm. 8 17 Diameter 6.47 1.586 2 10 Post stent 121 Length 19 80 37.57 17.693 deployment Pressure 10.10 2.981 balloons atm. 4 18 No. of inflations 3.05 1.664 1 8*
  • 25. Seven weeks , the patient reported significant This patient was improvement in the originally advised to symptoms of claudication . undergo an above knee Other than the loss of the amputation of his right gangrenous toe, the foot , which prompted a patient was walking second opinion and the without difficulty and resulting endovascular extremely pleased to have procedure. Ulcerative been able to avoid the cellulitis and critical limb above knee amputation. ischemia (gangrene) of Limb salvage was the fourth toe were accomplished. evident.
  • 26. Non-healing ulcers of the LT & RT foot that prompted endovascular therapy . Healing ulcer of the RT foot 4 weeks after restored blood Wound-healing progress was flow to the plantar surface of also made on the LT foot. the foot
  • 27. In Hosp. M. S.D P S In hosp. M. S.D P S Factor Mortality Factor morbidity No 57.8 9.56 8 9 No 58.19 9.437 Age Yes 68.4 15.0 .042 S Age Yes 56.00 12.87 .441 NS 0 93 1 No 1.59 .701 No of No 1.61 .693 Number NS .650 NS Yes 2.00 .535 .074 stents Yes 1.80 .837 of stents Number No 1.33 .688 Number No 1.36 .715 of Yes 2.00 1.00 .037 S of NS lesions 0 Yes 1.31 .630 .808 lesions Cr.>1.5 No 1.18 .353 No 1.18 .305 mg/dl Yes 1.72 .421 .001 HS Cr.>1.5 S Yes 1.43 .801 .034 mg/dl No 1.01 1.01 TASC D 7 No 1.09 1.037 .496 NS .013 Yes 1.40 1.32 TASC Yes .38 .650 S D
  • 28. In hospital mortality P. Sig. No Yes % within In DM No hospital mortality 34.7% .0% .046 S % within In Yes hospital 65.3% 100.0% mortality In hospital morbidity No Yes % within In DM No hospital morbidity 35.3% 15.4% .146 NS % within In Yes hospital 64.7% 84.6% morbidity
  • 29.
  • 30. Alive SCD Others Leg gangrene Alive 84% Dead 16%
  • 31. No symptoms 85 % recurrence 10 % Symptoms 4% 1% recurrence 0 20 40 60 80 100 Claudication CLI Acute limb ischemia
  • 32. One year follow up criteria Value % Patient state: Alive 84.0 Dead 16.0 cause of death: Leg gangrene 3.0 Sudden cardiac death 12.0 Others 1.0 Recurrence of LL symptoms 15 Site of recurrence responsible for symptoms: Target lesion 7 Other lesion 8 Type of ischemia: Claudication 10 CLI 4 Acute 1 Management of patients with recurrence of LL symptoms: Endovascular 10.3 Surgical 5.1 Medical ttt 84.6
  • 33. Factor Patient Mean Std. Deviation P Sig. state Alive 57.12 9.862 Age .021 S Dead 63.50 10.752 Alive 1.60 .746 No of stents .929 NS Dead 1.63 .744 Alive 1.30 .576 Number of Dead 1.38 .619 .628 NS lesions Alive 1.24 .422 Creatinine >1.5 Dead 1.18 .274 .555 NS mg/dl Alive 1.06 1.068 TASC D .469 NS Dead 1.21 1.122
  • 34.
  • 35. Variant Factor P value Sig. Smoking 0.02 S Hypertension 0.05 S Affected LL +ve Family history 0.028 S (single, bilateral) Number of lesions .0001 HS Age .0001 HS .039 Creatinine >1.5 mg/dl S Hypertension 0.001 HS Dyslipidemia DM Lesion Calcification 0.043 0.005 S HS Long lesion 0.024 S S In hospital mortality 0.046
  • 36.
  • 37.
  • 38. -Dramatic shifts in the management of PVD have occurred toward endovascular intervention. -There seems to be a significant M&M advantages for endovascular as compared to surgery. -The increasing safety of vascular interventions should be considered with the caveat that INDEPENDENT FACTORS OF OUTCOMES SHOULD BE RESPECTED.
  • 39. โ€ขEndovascular ttt is not without possible in-hospital mortality. โ€ขEndovascular revascularization is a good palliative ttt for CCLI with a recurrence rate of 15 % (only 4 % recurrence of CCLI).
  • 40. โ€ขInterestinglylimb salvage was 100% in this series . โ€ขThe need for urgent surgical revascularization was 1.3 %.
  • 41. Case reporting by interventionists needs to be improved and unified.
  • 42.
  • 43. โ€ขImproving the identification of pts with symp. PAD. By ensuring that physicians are well informed about PAD prevention, detection, and management. โ€ขAn endovascular approach should be tailored based on a patientโ€™s comorbidities and anatomical factors.