1. RELATIVE CLAUSES
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Defining:
They provide essential information about the subject. If we took out this data the
sentence would be incomplete
Non-Defining:
They add extra information about their antecedent, that is why it goes between
commas
1

2. PRONOUNS
 WHO / THAT: refer to people  People who live in the
country live longer
 WHICH / THAT refers to  That´s the house which we
objects and animals bought last week
 WHEN / THAT refer to a  It was 1975 when David was
moment in time born
 WHERE refers to a particular  Spain is the country where
place people spend more time
outside home
 WHOSE refers to  She´s the girl whose father
possession works in the factory

3.  THAT can never be used between commas, that is, in
defining sentences
 THAT / WHICH / WHO can be omitted when they are not
the subject of the relative clause:
Alcatraz was the place (that) I enjoyed most
 WHY can be omitted or changed by THAT
Tell me the reason WHY / THAT you are blue
 When the verb in the relative clause is followed by a
preposition (on, to, for, with…):
Formal way: David is a great colleague IN WHOM I can trust
Informal way: David is a great colleague (WHO) I can trust IN