Ferns paradiserw hproposal

BIOME ENVIRONMENTAL SOLUTIONS PVT. LTD.
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Rainwater Harvesting at the Ferns Paradise Layout
RAINWATER HARVESTING AT THE COLLECTIVE LEVEL
(Roads and Common areas)
Overall Rainwater Harvesting Plan Report

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No 1022, VI Block, H.M.T. Layout, Vidyaranyapura, Bangalore – 560097.
Phone: 080-41672790, 080-23644690
Email: water@biome-solutions.com Website: www.biome-solutions.com

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Rainwater Harvesting in Ferns Paradise
Overall Rainwater Harvesting Plan Report
TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 Customer Details ..........................................................................................................................................3
1.1 Contact Info............................................................................................................................................3
1.2 A Brief Overview...................................................................................................................................3
1.3 Expected and Actual Water Demand/Supply.........................................................................................3
2 Rainwater harvesting at Ferns Paradise.........................................................................................................3
2.1 Overall runoff and potential for recharge at Ferns Paradise...................................................................4
2.2 RWH at the Collective level (primarily storm water drains)..................................................................5
2.3 Recharge Rate Testing Strategy..............................................................................................................6
2.4 Locating Recharge Wells........................................................................................................................6
2.5 Recharge Well Design............................................................................................................................9
2.5.1 Recharge Well – Off drain...............................................................................................................9
2.5.2 Recharge Well – In Drain..............................................................................................................10
2.6 Drain management................................................................................................................................11
2.6.1 Silt traps.........................................................................................................................................11
2.6.2 Upstream In-Drain Filter/Check Dam...........................................................................................11
2.7 Monitoring Recharge Well Effectiveness in the long terms.................................................................12
2.8 Contour trenching on Vacant Plots.......................................................................................................13
2.9 Water management consultation...........................................................................................................13
2.9.1 Arriving at a fair pricing scheme...................................................................................................14
2.10 Next Steps and Consultancy Charges.................................................................................................15
3 APPENDIX..................................................................................................................................................18

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Phone: 080-41672790, 080-23644690

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1 Customer Details

1.1 Contact Info
Name and Address of Customer Ferns Paradise, Doddanekundi
Off Outer Ring Road
Bangalore
Customer Type Layout
Contact Person name Ms Babita
Contact Phone number – Land line -
Contact Phone number – Mobile 9845076731
Email id saxena_family@hotmail.com
utsa.ghosh@gmail.com
brahmayyaakella@yahoo.com
rajeshpt@yahoo.com
sparky688@yahoo.com
Date of Visit 23rd Oct 2009
Date of Report 6th Nov 2009

1.2 A Brief Overview
Ferns Paradise is a layout spread over an 43 acres and has about 300 plots in Phase
1 and 2. About 85 homes are currently occupied. There is no Cauvery water
connection and all water on campus is pumped from borewells within the campus.
Water from these borewells is pumped to 1 sump/overhead tank. From here water is
provided to all the households. Water consumption at household level is metered.
There is 1 STP on campus. Currently STP treated water is not being used for any
purpose. The overall attempt is to ensure sustainability in water. Rainwater
harvesting is an important step in that direction.

1.3 Expected and Actual Water Demand/Supply
The actual demand for water in the layout is about 100KL per day. Assuming that all
plots (about 300) are lived in and about 5 members per household a demand of
300KL per day (assuming 200 litres per person per day, as opposed to standards of
135 Litres per person per day) can be expected. This translates to an annual demand
of 109,500KL (300KL * 365)

2 Rainwater harvesting at Ferns Paradise
The overall strategies for RWH at Ferns Paradise can be the following, as detailed
below:
a. Rainwater harvesting for common buildings like the club house (This is not
being explored at this time since Clubhouse is owned by the builder)
b. Rainwater harvesting for individual households (This has not been covered in
the proposal)
c. Rainwater harvesting for common areas(roads, parks), especially by
diverting water from storm water drains. (This is covered in the remaining
part of this document)

This document details harvesting of rainwater from the storm water drains.

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Phone: 080-41672790, 080-23644690

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2.1 Overall runoff and potential for recharge at Ferns
Paradise

Total area: 43 acres = 137,593 square metres

Hence the total annual rainfall on the entire catchment is of the magnitude of
170844KL (which is GREATER than the expected annual requirement of Ferns
Paradise even at full occupancy). The below table represent the total runoff that is
available for harvesting after assuming losses due to run-off co-efficient,
evaporation, soil moisture etc.

Land use Area(sqm Annual run off Run-off for Run-off for
) – 970mm(KL average heavy rain
= 1000 litres) rain (30 (60 mm) –
mm) (KL) KL
TOTAL – 43 acres 176128 170844 5284 10568
Plots (inclusive of 123664 83968 2597 5194
rooftop and landscaped
areas)
(coeff of runoff– 0.7)
Roads 39343 26714 826 1652
(coeff of runoff– 0.7)
* Pl. see the associated
spreadsheet for details
of length/area of roads
Open spaces (coeff of 13121 5091 157 315
runoff– 0.4)

It can be seen from the above table that maximum run-off is from plots and then
from the roads / paved areas. This means that both to avoid flooding and capture
maximum run-off water for rainwater harvesting, the areas with the built up area
and the roads need to be first addressed.

Even if we were to assume that all homes implement RWH and hence there is no
runoff from the rooftop that enters the storm water drains, there is about 983KL
(826+157KL) of water to be harvested even after an average rainfall of 30mm from
common areas. This roughly translates to about:

245 wells of 3ft dia and 20 feet deep (4 KL capacity)
OR
61 wells of 5ft dia and 30 feet deep (16 KL capacity)

The assumption that no recharge happens during the falling of the entire 30mm of
rain has been made while computing the number of wells required.

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Phone: 080-41672790, 080-23644690

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Based the assumption of more or less uniform distribution of roads/open areas and
homes in the entire layout, and a realistic number of 100 wells in the open drains it
can be said that for every 200 feet of untapped storm water drain (based on
estimated 10505 of roads and 21010 ft of storm water drains on either sides of the
road), a well of 3ft dia and 20ft deep can be located. Given reasonable recharge
rates and assuming that the wells would recharge an effective volume of 30 times its
capacity (120KL for each well), annually about 120,000KL of water will be sent into
the ground for recharge which would offset the annual demand at full occupancy.

2.2 RWH at the Collective level (primarily storm water
drains)
Water harvesting at the collective level can and should be driven through storm
water drains as they are the arteries of Storm water in the layout. They play the
role of conveying storm water out of the layout. Therefore they become the logical
points from which storm water can be sourced for harvesting.
Typically due to quality issues, the water from storm water drains are used for
recharge and the recharge well (refer also APPENDIX) can be used as a very
effective recharge structure in Bangalore. Our experience suggests that Individual
household rooftop water is best for storing (at the household tank level) and
common area run-off is effectively used for recharge thus helping borewells of the
layout. RWH also helps managing storm water and avoiding floods.
Hence digging of open wells located at strategic points along the storm water drains
is proposed for ground water recharge. Recharge wells need to be atleast 20 feet in
depth. They can vary in diameter and depth (3 to 6 feet in dia, 20 to 30 feet in
depth) depending on the quantum of water.

Since in this layout the water is transported through HUME pipes, chambers have
already been provided at regular intervals. It is proposed that these chambers be
used as locations for the filters. Spots close to the chambers would need to be
identified for the construction of the recharge wells

The estimated cost of the recharge wells (please note that this is an estimate and
not a quotation) is as follows:
Item Cost Estimate Well capacity
3 feet dia, 20 feet deep recharge well Rs 22,000/- 4KL
5 feet dia, 30 feet deep recharge well Rs 65,000/- 16KL

Silt traps, check dams, in-drain filters and reconstruction of the drains for the
breakages that will be incurred during the well digging will work out to about Rs
10,000 to Rs 15,000 per well. The costs for the recharge wells can be lowered if
suitable dumping ground for the excavated earth can be found within the Ferns
Paradise premises
• The above are estimates not a quotation.
• Upon acceptance of this proposal, the proposed contractor will provide an
accurate quotation for the above

____________________________________________________________________________
Phone: 080-41672790, 080-23644690

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2.3 Recharge Rate Testing Strategy
Since the strategy for Ferns Paradise focuses primarily on ground water recharge,
the testing of recharge rates in various parts of the campus is fairly important. So as
to do this information was collected from individual residents to study the recharge
rates in their existing structures. Based on the inputs from the well owners one can
fairly say that the percolation rates in the area are good and recharge would be a
sound strategy to deploy.

Once the initial wells have been dug, Biome will conduct a slug test on each of the
wells, which involves filling the wells to capacity with water from a tanker, and then
monitoring the rate at which the water percolates into the ground. One reason
behind recommending 10 recharge wells in the pilot phase is to test the recharge
rates in different areas, as soil conditions can vary even within a 43-acre radius.
This too can be done in a Phased manner

This test is critical for gauging the actual effectiveness of groundwater recharge in
the area. If percolation rates are found to be very low due to high rock or clay
concentration, then recharge becomes a less attractive option for widespread
application and Biome will alter its RWH accordingly.

2.4 Locating Recharge Wells

50 good locations for well have been identified in the subsequent map. Out of these
the best 10 wells (to allow for maximum recharge) as well as to test for the nature of
soil across the campus have been detailed here. The wells have been selected based
on

1) Availability of a large quantum of water (from a large catchment) has been
the primary basis for location of wells

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Phone: 080-41672790, 080-23644690

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2) Wells have also been located close to existing borewells since it has been
observed that the proximity of recharge wells to borewells does increase
borewell yield.
3) Wells have been located in various parts of the campus so that the observed
recharge rates from these wells can serve as a basis for the location of the
subsequent wells
4) In front of currently vacant plots (this can be taken into consideration while
finally locating the wells)

The wells have been marked as

Well Size(ft) Location and Remarks
No
1 5(dia)30(deep) Near Borewell 1, space is available
for a large well
2 5(dia)30(deep) In the main street in front of the club
house, proximity to borewell 7
3 3(dia)20(deep) West on 10th Street to test for
recharge rates in the western side of
the campus
4 3(dia)20(deep) 8th Street near borewell 6
5 5(dia)30(deep) North on 1st Cross. To test for
recharge rates on the farther part of
the campus
6 3(dia)20(deep) On 2nd Cross near plot 888
7 3(dia)20(deep) On 2nd Street near plot 623 for
recharge of borewell 7
8 3(dia)20(deep) On first street near plot 600
9 3(dia)20(deep) Upstream of borewell 3 on 3rd Street
10 3(dia)20(deep) In the park for recharge of borewell 8

Note
− The roads that have not been named have been considered as Cross roads
and have been numbered sequentially.

____________________________________________________________________________
Phone: 080-41672790, 080-23644690

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____________________________________________________________________________
Phone: 080-41672790, 080-23644690

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2.5 Recharge Well Design
Based on space constraints as well as certain other factors recharge wells can either
be placed in the storm water drain or off the storm water drain. This section details
both designs
2.5.1 Recharge Well – Off drain
Here the recharge well is located at some distance from the storm water drain

____________________________________________________________________________
Phone: 080-41672790, 080-23644690

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2.5.2 Recharge Well – In Drain

Here the recharge well is located inside the storm water drain

____________________________________________________________________________
Phone: 080-41672790, 080-23644690

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2.6 Drain management

So as to ensure good recharge, the storm water drains have to be managed such
that large and expected quantums of
water actually make their way into the
well. As far as possible the drain should
be kept clear of construction debris and
other obstacles. Check dams/Upstream
in-drain filter upstream of the recharge
well function as filters and keep out
contaminants from entering the recharge
well. A small obstruction a little
downstream from the inlet to the
recharge well needs to be created to
obstruct the water from flowing further
downstream and entering the recharge
well. Silt traps prevent silt from entering the recharge well and hence protect the
recharge well from silting up and reduced recharge rates

2.6.1 Silt traps
A silt trap is a structure that is
created in the storm water drain but
whose depth is greater than that of
the storm water drain. This provides
the storm water a receptacle in
which to stay for some time. During
this period the silt settles down and
leaves the water on top fairly silt
free. This water then proceeds into
the recharge well. Soak away pipes
are provided at the bottom of the
silt traps to ensure that water
doesn’t remain in the silt trap after
the rains thereby becoming a
breeding ground for mosquitoes etc.
In this case Silt traps are not
recommended since it was found that the drains carry fairly clean water.

2.6.2 Upstream In-Drain Filter/Check
Dam
Based on their location these
check dams serve two
purposes. In one case they
serve as an intake for the
recharge well and redirect
the water into the recharge

____________________________________________________________________________
Phone: 080-41672790, 080-23644690

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well. They can also be located upstream of the recharge well and here they serve as
filters.

2.7 Monitoring Recharge Well Effectiveness in the long
terms

Another critical component of a sustainable water management regime is
infrastructure management, and especially the supply infrastructure, which in this
case is Ferns Paradise’s community and private borewells. Critical questions must
be addressed pertaining to the longevity of the borewells given their current
extraction rates, the maximum number of borewells the layout can sustain given its
hydrogeological situation, and how likely it is that recharged water will feed the
aquifers supplying the borewells.

The answers to these questions will have significant management implications, which
could call for restrictions on private borewell digging, restructuring of water pricing
schemes, and perhaps increased or modified groundwater recharge plans. The
investigation needed to answer these questions may warrant a special
hydrogeological study.

It is important to put in place a monitoring strategy to monitor the effectiveness of
the recharge strategy that is put in place. Ground water recharge through recharge
wells has been observed to increase the local ground water table, increase borewell
yield and improve the quality of water from the deep aquifers (borewells). The
following is suggested to monitor the same

Improvement in water quality :
It has been observed that with continuous ground water recharge the water that is
got from borewells progressively turns softer. This would require that water from
each of the borewells be tested and regular records of the reports be maintained (on
an annual basis)

Improvement in water discharge:

____________________________________________________________________________
Phone: 080-41672790, 080-23644690

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Ground water recharge also progressively increases the yield from the borewells. So
as to monitor this a mechanism of borewell metering needs to be put in place. Meter
readings would need to be systematically taken, maintained and analysed.

Biome’s recommendation is to start with borewell meters. The cost for the borewell
meter and its installation, along with the creation of a masonry chamber that
facilitates the taking of borewell meter readings, is approximately Rs. 20,000 per
borewell, though the implementation fees would be reduced if all borewells were
taken care of at once.

Current Borewell Inventory

Borewell Location Yield information
No
1 2nd Street, Between plots 814 and Good yield
816
2 2nd Street, Between plots 635 and Dry. Inside a house/plot
637
3 3rd Street,Near plot 649 Not sure if this is a borewell
4 5th Street, Near plot 685 Uneven flow, yield not known
th
5 6 Street, Near plot 695 Average Yield
th
6 7 Street, Between plots 719 and 721 Average Yield
7 On the main road, near the park in 900' deep, Good yield
front of plot 621
8 Inside the park Good yield

2.8 Contour trenching on Vacant Plots
Contiguous plots in Phase 2 were found to be empty. Namely plots 801-807 and
plots 816-821 etc. If permission is obtained from the plot owners simple contour
trenches could also be built on this land. These could be manually dug – about 1ft
deep. The excavated earth should be placed on the lower slope of the trench. This
would serve as locations for mulching and would improve the soil quality as well as
allow for retention of water on the land

2.9 Water management consultation

Perhaps the greatest step that Ferns Paradise can take toward safeguarding its long-
term water security is to manage the demand from its water resources in a
responsible manner that achieves efficiencies without reducing standard of living.
The most important intervention in this regard is to introduce a fair pricing scheme
for household water consumption. Other critical interventions related to borewell
management ought to be considered as well. The following describes how Biome
proposes to engage with the Plot Owners Association to develop a water
management regime that prioritises conservation.

____________________________________________________________________________
Phone: 080-41672790, 080-23644690

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2.9.1 Arriving at a fair pricing scheme

The fairest and most effective system of water pricing is the progressive block tariff
that ensures a low-cost supply of lifeline water to all homes, and gradually increases
the cost as consumption surpasses certain pre-determined levels. Setting prices and
consumption levels that effectively managing demand and are acceptable to the
residents is a requires a feedback process to make any necessary adjustments.
Before the feedback process even begins, however, a basis for determining
appropriate pricing must be established. The most sensible basis for water pricing is
the production cost of water, which focuses on recovering the true cost of delivering
water to the home.

Finding the production cost of water

Biome will anchor an exercise to calculate the water supply cost, which
includes reviews of past bills and projections of future expenses for electricity
consumed for borewell pumping, maintenance and replacement costs for
water infrastructure (replacing valves and borewell pumps, cleaning the
water towers, etc), staff time and expense, regular water testing, and any
treatment applied before it reaches the home. These costs will be factored
against the total water supplied to determine the production cost per kilolitre.

Ultimately, for this system to work, both the supply of water (borewells) and
the demand for that water (households) would be metered, as that will
identify if there are any major leakages in water delivery infrastructure and
will be required if households are to be billed based on their own consumption
levels.

Biome’s recommendation is to start with borewell meters. The cost for the
borewell meter and its installation, along with the creation of a masonry
chamber that facilitates the taking of borewell meter readings, is
approximately Rs. 20,000 per borewell, though the implementation fees
would be reduced if all borewells were taken care of at once. Household
water meters have already been installed in Ferns paradise and this is a very
good first step in this direction

Setting new pricing slabs

Once the production cost per kilolitre is known, the new pricing slabs
reflecting that cost will be created. Biome will work with the FPPOA to set the
proposed new pricing slabs. The key criteria for setting the prices are the
following:

• They reflect the production cost of supplying water to the residents.
• They reflect people’s right to a lifeline supply of water to meet the
household’s basic needs.

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Phone: 080-41672790, 080-23644690

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• They penalize wasteful use of water so as to encourage conservation.
• They acknowledge that good water practices (such as household RWH)
need to be rewarded.

Work with FPPOA to engage with residents

Once the new slabs have been agreed upon by the POA, its next job is to
communicate the new scheme and its rationale to the residents. This process
requires equal measures of openness, patience and tact, as it will likely
require time to convince some residents of the necessity to pay for their
water. Biome will help the POA develop circulars announcing the newly
proposed scheme, and will help the POA create platforms for holding dialogue
about the proposed scheme.

Work with staff to facilitate new scheme implementation

Biome will review the implications of the new pricing scheme for the roles of
staff members, and train them accordingly. If requested, Biome will also
develop measures for staff performance vis-a-vis their new responsibilities.

* The consulting fee for the same has not been included in the commercials

2.10 Next Steps and Consultancy Charges

A phased approach is suggested for the implementation of the proposal

Phase Schedule (from Activities Reasons
project
approval date
Pilot phase: Within 3 months • Digging of 10 wells Primarily for testing
Phase 0 (1-10) as identified of recharge rates in
in the map various parts of the
• Testing of recharge campus
rates and
identification of
well locations for
Phase 1
Phase 1 Within 4th to 12th • Digging of 10 wells To increase
month (well 11-20) recharge capacity
• Observation of
wells during the
rainy season
Phase 2 Within 1st year • Digging of 20 wells To increase
and 2nd year (well 21 to 40) recharge capacity

____________________________________________________________________________
Phone: 080-41672790, 080-23644690

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Phase Schedule (from Activities Reasons
project
approval date
• To set in place the
framework as well
as for monitoring
of effectiveness of
recharge wells on
borewells
Phase 3 3rd to 5th year • Completion of 100 To increase
wells recharge capacity

The key next steps for the pilot phase would be :

a) A detailed design phase for the locating and designing of 10 recharge wells
and corresponding designs and locations of check-dams and silt traps ,
detailed estimation of costs and submission of quotation by implementing
contractor.
b) Implementation of the Rainwater harvesting system.
c) Testing for recharge rates from these 10 wells and identification of locations
for the next 10 wells for Phase 1

Biome will participate in the next steps in two possible ways :
Option I : Consultancy for detailed design and supervisory services during
implementation. In this option the Client can choose his/her own contractor.
However, it is important that Biome works with the contractor during the detailed
design phase. Implementation quotations will be separately submitted by the
chosen contractor.
Option II : Consultancy for detailed design and supervisory services during
implementation. In this option Biome will bring in an appropriate partner contractor
for the implementation of the works. Implementation quotations will be separately
submitted by the chosen partner contractor.

____________________________________________________________________________
Phone: 080-41672790, 080-23644690

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The consultancy charges for the above options for the Pilot phase – for 10 recharge
wells is as mentioned below :
Service Amount
Site visit and Submission of Overall Rainwater Rs 8000.00
harvesting plan (This report – Invoice enclosed)
50% has already been paid
Option I : Rs 25,000
- Consultancy during detailed design (will
include submission of detailed design
drawings)
- Supervisory services during implementation
- Testing of wells for recharge rates and
identification of locations for Phase 1 wells
Option II Rs 30,000
- Consultancy during detailed design (will
include submission of detailed design
drawings)
- Bringing in partner contractor for
implementation
- Supervisory services during implementation
- Testing of wells for recharge rates and
identification of locations for Phase 1 wells
Total Option I Rs 8000.00 + Rs 25,000.00
Total Option II Rs 8000.00 + Rs 30,000.00

Notes:
• Service Taxes if applicable will be charged extra at around 10.3 %.
• A payment schedule can be discussed on acceptance of this proposal.
• All payments to be made by cheque to the name of “Biome Environmental
Solutions Pvt. Ltd.”, A/c payee crossed.

____________________________________________________________________________
Phone: 080-41672790, 080-23644690

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3 APPENDIX

The following are details about the rainfall pattern in Bangalore and drive design:
Parameter Measure
Total Annual average rainfall 970 mm
Total no of rainy days 60 rainy days
Peak hour intensity of rain in Bangalore 60 mm/hr

The rainfall distribution pattern in Bangalore is as follows :
MONTH DAYS QUANTITY (mm)
JAN 0.2 2.70
FEB 0.5 7.20
MAR 0.4 4.40
APR 3.0 46.30
MAY 7.0 119.60
JUN 6.4 80.80
JUL 8.3 110.20
AUG 10.0 137.00
SEP 9.3 194.80
OCT 9.0 180.40
NOV 4.0 64.50
DEC 1.7 22.10
TOTAL 59.8 970.00
It can be observed from the above table that Bangalore is blessed with a relatively
well distributed rainfall and has a rainfall distribution which is bi-modal (two peak
rainfall seasons in a year). In this context, and given Bangalore’s geology, rainwater
harvesting strategies appropriate for Bangalore has been found to be the following in
their respective order of priority.
a) Storage of rainwater for direct use : Priority is given to capture as much
of the run-off rainwater in storages such as sumps, on-ground tanks or tanks
on terraces at intermediate levels (eg: sitouts / balconies). However for such
a strategy, the run-off only from clean areas can be tapped. It is important
that these catchment areas be free from any form of chemical or other toxic
contamination and dust content is as low as possible. Typically roof areas
qualify well for such a strategy. The water from this run-off is first rain
separated, filtered and then let into the storage. The water can be used for
all household purposes such as bathing, washing, cleaning, gardening etc
directly and can even be used for potable purposes if subsequently it is
passed through filters to deal with bacterialogical contamination (Eg:
aquaguard filters, boiling etc). However, this requires that roof areas be kept
clean and there is no junking of material on the roof or movement of pets
such as dogs and cats on the roof and there is no soap water washing of the
roof area. In apartments these forms of contamination are often observed in
private terraces. A water testing process prior to use for drinking and cooking
purposes is recommended. Subsequently regular potability tests are also
recommended.

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Phone: 080-41672790, 080-23644690

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b) Groundwater recharge : Excess run-off from above mentioned clean
surfaces, run-off from other surfaces such as roads, garden area etc can then
be redirected for groundwater recharge. In the context of Bangalore, the
most effective recharge structure has been found to be a recharge well
whose depth is a minimum of around 15 - 20 feet. These recharge wells
recharge the shallow aquifer. Water needs to be desilted adequately before
allowing the water into recharge wells. The location of the recharge wells
need to be chosen strategically – both where significant run-off water passes
through the recharge well location and which is close to existing ground water
sources of water. Recharge wells, over time will help replenish groundwater.
If the ground water table rises above the bottom of the recharge well, the
recharge well can be used as a withdrawal well. Recharge wells are likely to
help recharge local borewell sources of water though such guarantees cannot
be provided. The diagram below illustrates the principle of recharge.

____________________________________________________________________________
Phone: 080-41672790, 080-23644690

Ferns paradiserw hproposal

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