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MySQL highav Availability
- 1. MySQL High Availability Solutions Best Practices baruch osoveskiy baruch@brillix.co.il
- 2. About Me Baruch osoveskiy •Senior Consultant @ brillix.co.il •Linux-Unix SYSADMIN form 1997 •DBA on Oracle and MySQL Since 2000 •Working with unstructured Data (“big data”) since 2000 like text and spatial images etc.. baruch@brillix.co.il https://github.com/barucho http://www.slideshare.net/baruchosoveskiy
- 3. • In the end will be Q&A slide – you can ask question I will try to answer • The Demo will be in github : https://github.com/barucho/MySQLHA2016.git • You can send me question : baruch@brillix.com You can find more presentations on http://www.slideshare.net/baruchosoveskiy • I write in ildba.co.il (not so often)
- 4. Some of our Customers
- 6. The Problem
- 7. Redundancy ▪ multiple copies of data in event of a disaster or bad DML/DDL run in Production Scaling ▪ to increase throughput (more network, disk, cpu) High Availability ▪ get databases back online quickly High Availability , Redundancy, Scaling ?
- 8. CAP … Consistency ▪ All nodes see the same data at the same time • Availability ▪ Every request receives a response about whether it succeeded or not (COMMIT ?) • Partition Tolerance ▪ The system continues to operate despite arbitrary partitioning due to network failures
- 9. What is my expected UP-TIME (9`s)?
- 10. Manual Failover ▪ human usually can make a better decision as to whether failover is necessary. ▪ Avoid ping-ping between nodes! ▪ easy to configure Automatic Failover ▪ More 9’s due to minimized outages. ▪ No need to wait on a DBA/ops. ▪ Very Complicate to configure (need cluser/scripts) Automatic or Manual Failover?
- 11. The Solutions
- 12. Galera Cluster High Availability, Scaling-improve read performance • Active Active MySQL* cluster • On Commit Changes are collected into a write set. • Write set is set to all nodes for certification. • PKs are used to determine if the write set can be applied. • If certification fails, the write set is dropped and the transaction is rolled back. • All nodes will reach the same transaction eventually.
- 13. Corosync-pacemaker DRDB active/passive High Availability • Corosync/pacemaker cluster or a co-ordinating the startup and recovery of inter-related services across a set of machines. • DRDB shared storage systems by networked mirroring • Only one mysqld process can run at a time • No active slave. • DRDB can have performance issues in high IO load • Complicate to Configure
- 14. Master Slave DRDB corosync pacemaker DRDB MySQL MySQL corosync pacemaker DRDB active/passive MySQL quorum
- 15. Master Slave DRDB corosync pacemaker DRDB MySQL MySQL corosync pacemaker DRDB active/passive MySQL quorum Master
- 16. Master Slave DRDB corosync pacemaker DRDB MySQLMySQL corosync pacemaker DRDB active/passive MySQL quorum MySQL
- 17. • One or more mysqld connected to one or more data nodes • The data on the data node is shard and replicated • Simple and automatic sharding and replication • To use MySQL cluster you have to use NDB storage engine. MySQL Cluster / NDB / sharding High Availability, Scaling
- 18. mysqld MySQL Cluster / NDB / sharding mysqld mysqld mysqld A1 B2 B1 A2 NDB NDB NDB NDB API SQL REST API
- 19. February 2015: MySQL Cluster 7.4 - 200 Million NoSQL QPS MySQL Cluster 7.4 delivers massively concurrent NoSQL access – 200 Million reads per second using the FlexAsync benchmark. This was achieved with 32 (out of a maximum 48) data nodes, each running on a server with 2x Intel Haswell E5-2697 v3 CPUs. https://www.mysql.com/why-mysql/benchmarks/mysql-cluster/
- 20. INNODB vs NDB Feature InnoDB 1.1 NDB 7.5 Transactions All standard types READ COMMITTED MVCC Yes No Data Compression Yes No Large Row Support (> 14K) Supported for VARBINARY, VARCHAR, BLOB, and TEXT columns Supported for BLOB and TEXT columns only High Availability (HA) Requires additional software Yes (Designed for 99.999% uptime) Time for Node Failure Recovery 30 seconds or longer Typically < 1 second NoSQL Access to Storage Engine Yes Yes
- 22. What is MySQL Replication Master SlaveNETWORK
- 23. What is MySQL Replication Master SlaveNETWORK Slave Slave Slave Slave
- 24. Why MySQL Replication • High availability – can promote slave to master • Scale Out – add multiple read slaves • Analytics – can run Analytics on live data. • Backup – run cold backup on slave. • For DEV and Pre-Prod
- 25. How MySQL Replication Works Replication Formats • SBR - Statement Based Replication • Nondeterministic function problem • RBR - Row Based Replication • High network usage • Higher IO usage • Mixed Mode
- 26. How MySQL Replication Works Not safe Nondeterministic function FOUND_ROWS(), GET_LOCK(), IS_FREE_LOCK(), IS_USED_LOCK(), LOAD_FILE(), MASTER_POS_WAIT(), RELEASE_LOCK(), ROW_COUNT(), SESSION_USER(), SLEEP(), SYSDATE(), SYSTEM_USER(), USER(), UUID(), and UUID_SHORT().
- 27. How MySQL Replication Works Where the Changes Stored • Binary Log – Master (blue-bin.000002) • Relay Log – Slave (white-relay-bin.000003)
- 28. How MySQL Replication Works Replication Threads • Master Server • Binlog Dump Thread • Slave Server • IO Thread • SQL Thread
- 29. How MySQL Replication Works Method of Sending the Data (Replication Type) • Asynchronous Replication • Semi-Synchronous Replication (5.5 ) • Group Replication (plugin)
- 30. How MySQL Replication Works Master TRX1 TRX2 TRX3 . Slave 1 Binary log DML + COMMIT Binlog Dump Thread
- 31. How MySQL Replication Works Master TRX1 TRX2 TRX3 . Slave 1 2 Binary log IO Thread DML + COMMIT
- 32. How MySQL Replication Works Master TRX1 TRX2 TRX3 . Slave TRX1 TRX2 TRX3 . 1 2 3 Binary log Relay Log IO Thread DML + COMMIT
- 33. How MySQL Replication Works Master TRX1 TRX2 TRX3 . Slave TRX1 TRX2 TRX3 . 1 2 3 4 Binary log Relay Log IO Thread SQL Thread DML + COMMIT
- 34. How MySQL Replication Works Master TRX1 TRX2 TRX3 . Slave TRX1 TRX2 TRX3 . 1 2 3 4 5 Binary log Relay Log IO Thread SQL Thread DML + COMMIT
- 35. MySQL 5.6 Replication What's New • Multi threaded Slave • Relay log recovery • Binary Log Group Commit • Crash-safe Replication – Binlog Checksums • Global Transaction ID You can read more in: http://dev.mysql.com/tech-resources/articles/whats-new-in-mysql-5.6.html
- 36. Multi-Threaded Slaves Replication performance is improved by using multiple execution threads to apply replication events slave-parallel-workers=2 You can read more in: http://dev.mysql.com/tech-resources/articles/whats-new-in-mysql-5.6.html
- 37. Binary Log Group Commit • Commit a group of transactions to the binary log. • Ensures durability with good performance. • Designed to handle seamlessly temporary peeks on the workload. enable by default in 5.6 You can read more in: http://dev.mysql.com/tech-resources/articles/whats-new-in-mysql-5.6.html
- 38. Relay log recovery • slave can automatically recover from a failure and resume replicating DML updates • the slave can roll back replication to the last successfully committed transaction relay-log-recovery =1 You can read more in: http://dev.mysql.com/tech-resources/articles/whats-new-in-mysql-5.6.html And in Bug #13893363
- 40. Position (pre 5.6) • Transactions are not guaranteed to execute in the order of the Binary logs • The show slave status is not accurate
- 42. Position - What's the problem • The same event can have different Binary log file and position on different slaves • Hard to find inconsistency in replication • Very problematic to reconfigure replication
- 43. Global Transaction ID • Unique identifier of a transaction across all servers in replication topology The GTID look like : GTID = source_id:transaction_id Where transaction_id = transaction_start-transaction_stop eg : 3E11FA47-71CA-11E1-9E33-C80AA9429562:1-5
- 45. Global Transaction ID How to enable GUID on MySQL replication • Enable read only mode on Slaves set global read_only=1 • Compare the binlog position on master and slave show slave status show master status • Change configuration on all servers and restart bin-log guid_mode=ON Enforce-guid-consistency • Initialize GUID on all servers change master to MASTER_AUTO_POSITION = 1; • Disable read only mode on Slaves
- 49. Group Replication • The replication group is a set of servers that interact with each other through message passing • Each server in the group may execute transactions independently • RW transaction only commits after that operation is coordinated within the group • when a transaction is ready to commit, the server atomically broadcasts the write values (row events) and write set (unique identifiers of the rows that were updated). This establishes a global total order for that transaction
- 50. Group Replication • A highly available distributed MySQL database service • Removes the need for manually handling server fail-over • Provides distributed fault tolerance • Enables Active/Active update anywhere setups • Automates reconfiguration (adding/removing nodes, crashes, failures) • Automatically detects and handles conflicts
- 51. • Automated master monitoring and failover. • MHA consists of MHA Manager and MHA Node packages. MHA Manager runs on a manager server, and MHA Node runs on each MySQL server • MHA is a free opensource tool • Can be configured to power off old Master to avoid split brain. MySQL Replication and MHA
- 52. MaxScale (open source database proxy) • Open Source; Developed by mariadb • “simple” database proxy • Provides plugins • Content aware
- 53. MaxScale (open source database proxy) Redundancy, High Availability, Scaling (read) Master Slave MaxScle MaxScle MaxScle Client Read Write Read Only Slave Slave MySQL ReplicationSlave Delay Replication
- 54. MySQL Router • Open Source; Developed by Oracle MySQL HA • Simple layer 4 packet router • No packet inspection • Have Framework for plugins • Natively integrated with MySQL Fabric • Support MySQL InnoDB Cluster (Lab)
- 55. MySQL Router - plugins • Routing • First available • Round robin • Fabric cache • Logger
- 56. fa fa MySQL Router Slave MySQL Router Client Read Write Read Only Slave MySQL Replication Fabric repository RO HA GROUP Metadata RW HA GROUP
- 57. More database routers/Load balancer • HAProxy • F5 BigIP • ProxySQL • ELB (AWS)
- 58. MySQL INNODB Cluster MySQL InnoDB Cluster: Vision “A single product — MySQL — with high availability and scaling features baked in; providing an integrated end-to-end solution that is easy to use.” Redundancy, High Availability, Scaling
- 59. MySQL INNODB Cluster A minimum of three instances are required to create an InnoDB cluster that is tolerant to the failure of one instance.
- 62. 3306 3307 MaxScle Client Read Write Read Only 3308 MySQL Replication
- 63. Q&A