1. 3.3 ALLOYS AND NONFERROUS METALS
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•
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•
3.3.1 Alloys
3.3.2 General properties
3.3.3 The common metals and alloys
3.3.4 Electroplating

2. Schematic of atoms in two
different metals

3. When metal are mixed to form
alloys there are 3 possibilities:
• Completely soluble, i.e. atoms of one will fit
exactly into the structure of the other without
disturbing it. (e.g. copper and nickel)
• Partially soluble, i.e. the atoms cannot form
structures together but crystals of each will mix.
(e.g. copper and zinc i.e. brass)
• Insoluble, e.g. molten iron will float on molten
lead, they will not mix

4. Completely Soluble

5. When metal are mixed to form
alloys there are 3 possibilities:
• Completely soluble, i.e. atoms of one will fit
exactly into the structure of the other without
disturbing it. (e.g. copper and nickel)
• Partially soluble, i.e. the atoms cannot form
structures together but crystals of each will mix.
(e.g. copper and zinc i.e. brass)
• Insoluble, e.g. molten iron will float on molten
lead, they will not mix

6. Partially soluble

7. When metal are mixed to form
alloys there are 3 possibilities:
• Completely soluble, i.e. atoms of one will fit
exactly into the structure of the other without
disturbing it. (e.g. copper and nickel)
• Partially soluble, i.e. the atoms cannot form
structures together but crystals of each will mix.
(e.g. copper and zinc i.e. brass)
• Insoluble, e.g. molten iron will float on molten
lead, they will not mix

8. Insoluble

9. 3.3 ALLOYS AND NONFERROUS METALS
•
•
•
•
3.3.1 Alloys
3.3.2 General properties
3.3.3 The common metals and alloys
3.3.4 Electroplating

10. Thermal Properties
Density
kg/m3
Copper
Steel
Aluminium
Specific
Heat
J/kg/oC
Thermal
conductivity
W/moC
Coefficient
of thermal
expansion
/oC×10-6
8900
7800
2700
390
480
880
300
84
200
17
11
24

11. Mechanical Properties

12. Effect of cold working of typical
metal
Tensile
Strength
Percentage
elongation
Percentage change in cross section area
during cold working

13. 3.3 ALLOYS AND NONFERROUS METALS
•
•
•
•
3.3.1 Alloys
3.3.2 General properties
3.3.3 The common metals and alloys
3.3.4 Electroplating

14. Copperzinc-tin
alloys

15. Range of non-ferrous alloys

16. Some of the main non-ferrous
alloys used in construction
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•
•
•
Copper
Zinc
Aluminium
Lead

17. The 3 grades of copper are
• Deoxidised copper, used for copper tube, suitable
for welding.
• Fire refined tough pitch copper, had higher
strength, thermal and electrical conductivity and
resistance to corrosion. Used for roof coverings.
These turn a pleasant green as surface corrosion
occurs. This corrosion product may stain adjacent
materials.
• Electrolytic tough pitch high conductivity copper.
Contains fewer impurities, has higher electrical
conductivity, used for electrical conductors.

18. Lead and Copper Roofing

19. Some of the main non-ferrous
alloys used in construction
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•
•
•
Copper
Zinc
Aluminium
Lead

20. Galvanised (zinc plated) steel in
fence and structure

21. Some of the main non-ferrous
alloys used in construction
•
•
•
•
Copper
Zinc
Aluminium
Lead

22. Lead roof (note welded repair)

23. Note staining on bricks from lead roof

24. 3.3 ALLOYS AND NONFERROUS METALS
•
•
•
•
3.3.1 Alloys
3.3.2 General properties
3.3.3 The common metals and alloys
3.3.4 Electroplating

25. Electroplating