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Notes On Different Types Of Cancers
1. Notes on Leukeima:
Acute Leukemia (acute lymphocytic/myelogeneous leukemia)
- composed of blast cells progress rapidly without treatment
Chronic leukemia
- few or no blast cells
- progress slowly compare to acute leukemias
Diagnosis:
– CBC- complete cell count
– High or low levels of white cells (sometimes platelets and red blood cells too)
– Aspiration + biopsy = confirm diagnosis (chromosome abnormalities)
Complete remission = no more signs of disease
Symptoms:
Tiredness or no energy
Shortness of breath during physical activity
Pale skin
Mild fever or night sweats
Slow healing of cuts and excess bleeding
Black-and-blue marks (bruises) for no clear reason
Pinhead-size red spots under the skin
Aches in bones or joints (for example, knees, hips or shoulders)
Low white cell counts, especially monocytes or neutrophils.
Risk factors of AML:
Certain chemotherapies used for lymphoma or other types of cancer
Down syndrome and some other genetic diseases
Chronic exposure to benzene (such as in the workplace) that exceeds federally
approved safety limits
Radiation therapy used to treat other types of cancer
Tobacco smoke.
Sources: http://www.leukemia-lymphoma.org/all_page.adp?item_id=7026#leukemia
Notes on Brain tumors/cancers
2. A tumor in the brainstem may produce the following symptoms:
Behavioral and emotional changes (e.g., irritability)
Difficulty speaking and swallowing
Drowsiness
Headache, especially in the morning
Hearing loss
Muscle weakness on one side of the face (e.g., head tilt, crooked
smile)
Muscle weakness on one side of the body (i.e., hemiparesis)
Uncoordinated gait
Vision loss, drooping eyelid (i.e., ptosis) or crossed eyes (i.e.,
strabismus)
Vomiting
Sources: http://www.oncologychannel.com/braincancer/index.shtml
Different types of Brain tumors:
- Astrocytomas – star- shaped cells called astrocytes grow anywhere in the brain
or spinal cord
- Brain stem gliomas – affects lowest, stem-like part of the brain that connects to
the spinal cord; controls many vital functions
- Ependymomas - develop in the lining of the ventricles or cavitie of the brain;
s
most common in children + adolescents
- Medulloblastomas – malignant tumors that develop from developing nerve
cells; occurs more often to boys than girls
- Most frequent symptoms
o Headaches that tend to be worse in the morning and ease during the day
o Seizures or convulsions
o Nausea or vomiting
o Weakness or loss of feeling in the arms or legs
o Stumbling or lack of coordination in walking (ataxic gait)
o Abnormal eye movements or changes in vision
o Drowsiness
o Changes in personality or memory
o Changes in speech
Sources:
http://www.ucsfhealth.org/childrens/medical_services/cancer/brain_tumors/conditions/tum
or/signs.html