Srinivasa Ramanujan was an influential Indian mathematician who made important contributions to number theory, including the Hardy-Ramanujan-Littlewood circle method. He was largely self-taught and sent theorems he had discovered to Professor Hardy at Cambridge University, who invited him to study there. Ramanujan showed that any big number can be written as the sum of not more than four prime numbers and how to divide numbers into squares or cubes in multiple ways. Brahmagupta was significant for introducing the concept of zero to mathematics, representing nothing. The document goes on to discuss other influential Indian mathematicians like Aryabhatta, Shakuntala Devi, and Bhaskaracharya.