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Newsletter | Spring 2016
INSIGHT
First View on the New CVA Risk Capital Charge
Managing the Cost of Collateral
MICROSERVICES
The New Building Blocks
of Financial Technology
2 | www.quantifisolutions.com
CEO Message
Since the September 2015 issue of InSight, the news headlines have been occupied by the UK’s
relationship with the EU and the impact of ‘Brexit’, the Chinese economy falling to its slowest growth
rate for 25 years and the Fed’s historic rate rise. There have also been significant discussions and
concerns around liquidity in some areas of the fixed income markets. This is an area of increased focus
for Quantifi and one where we have invested significant resources to deliver sophisticated tools to help
our clients more accurately measure and manage liquidity risk.
There has been a great deal of talk about the need for capital markets’ to invest in technology.
Leveraging better technology can increase flexibility, improve performance, reduce operational
risk, and lower costs. Quantifi has invested heavily in BI and Big Data technology. Micro-services
architecture is the next technology innovation that will fundamentally reshape the structure of risk
technology. Our lead article written by Marc Adler, Quantifi’s Chief Architect, highlights how Quantifi is
adopting a micro-services architecture to allow our functionality to be consumed in different ways and
more receptive to technological evolution.
This issue also includes a summary of a recent Quantifi whitepaper co-written by d-fine, a leading
consultancy firm headquartered in Frankfurt, on the new approaches for calculating regulatory
capital in response to the recently published CVA risk framework document published by the Basel lll
Committee.
In the coming weeks Quantifi will be hosting a series of breakfast briefings in London and New York.
We have an exciting programme of topics, the first of which will focus on ‘sell side risk technology’.
The last 12 months have been a period of significant progress for Quantifi. With recent industry awards
and client wins, our technology is seen as a key differentiator in helping the market navigate through
complex changes in market structure and regulation. Our significant re-investment in our solutions
continues to pay dividends for our clients.
Rohan Douglas, CEO, Quantifi
www.quantifisolutions.com | 3
News
NewOak Selects Quantifi’s Single
Solution for Pricing and Analytics
“We chose to integrate Quantifi into our
solutions because their product complemented
our existing technology framework while adding
a high level of functionality. We were further
impressed with Quantifi’s market presence,
reputation and the high level of support.”
Steve Segretta, Managing Director, NewOak
Best Risk Management Technology
Provider for Second Successive Year
Quantifi named Best Risk Management
Technology Provider at the fourth annual MENA
Fund Manager Fund Services Awards. Companies
are evaluated on financial progress, growth, client
satisfaction, genuine product innovation and
adaptability in the face of new client demand and
new regulations.
Risk Management Software of the Year
for Financial Risk
Judged by an independent panel of experts,
the CIR Risk Management Awards recognise
organisations and teams that have significantly
added to the understanding and best practice
of risk management. “Quantifi is delighted
to receive the Risk Management Software of
the Year award, especially considering the
tough opposition from four other credible risk
technology providers.” Roland Jordan, Head of
EMEA Sales, Quantifi
Events
ComRisk 2016
Quantifi to present at ComRisk
London, 25-26th May, 2016
Forius Agri-Business Group
Quantifi invited to present at Forius
Louisville, KY, 15-16 June, 2016
Cover Story
Quantifi Micro-Services Architecture
The increasing impact of emerging regulations, market
unease and internal pressures have heightened the atten-
tion on risk technology and operations. With the traditional
segmented approach to risk management no longer suit-
able, the application of integrated risk management is fast
becoming best practice. With a focus on reducing costs
and a desire to consolidate positions in as few systems as
possible, firms are moving towards a more balanced, busi-
ness aligned, and risk based strategy.
Contents
A First View on the New CVA Risk Capital Charge
The recently published consultative document ‘Review
of the Credit Valuation Adjustment (CVA) risk framework’
by the Basel Committee introduces new approaches
for the calculation of regulatory capital. This article
explores the effect of two of the new regulatory methods
introduced in the consultative paper. The new approaches
considered are aligned to the CVA calculations under IFRS
and the market risk framework under the Committees’
Fundamental Review of the Trading Book (FRTB).
Infographic: Managing the Cost of Collateral
120 individuals from across the industry took part in the
Quantifi webinar ‘Cost of Collateral for Clearing’ and were
surveyed on the challenges associated with clearing and
how they plan to address them.
4 | www.quantifisolutions.com
•	 ensure all important drivers of CVA risk and CVA hedges are
covered in the Basel regulatory capital standard
•	 align the capital standard with the fair value measurement of
CVA employed under various accounting regimes
•	 ensure consistency with the proposed revisions to the market
risk framework under the Basel Committee’s Fundamental
Review of the Trading Book
The consultative paper proposes two frameworks to accommodate
different types of banks with respect to the ability to calculate CVA
sensitivities:
•	 The “Basic CVA framework“ (BA-CVA), based on a formula
similar to the current standardized method
•	 The “FRTB-CVA framework” consisting of the standardized
approach (SA-CVA), based on CVA sensitivities
CVA RISK
CAPITAL CHARGE
A FIRST VIEW ON THE NEW
In July 2015, the Basel Committee of Banking Supervision (BCBS)
published a consultative paper on Credit Valuation Adjustment
(CVA) risk to improve the current regulatory framework. In February
2016, the first improvements to this framework were introduced,
based on the December 2015 Quantitative Impact Study (QIS)1
. A
revision of the current framework addresses three issues:
By Quantifi and d-fine
www.quantifisolutions.com | 5
To highlight the key differences of current and future
calculation approaches for regulatory CVA risk capital
charges, including the eligibility criteria for using the
different approaches, this article focusses on BA-CVA
and SA-CVA.
New basic approach (BA-CVA)
For banks not able or willing to provide sufficient CVA
sensitivities, a new basic approach, which is closely
related to the current standardized method, should
be used. Improvements to the approach include an
enhancement of the definition of eligible credit risk
hedges.
New SA-CVA
To use SA-CVA the following requirements must be
fulfilled:
1.	 The calculation of CVA sensitivities for given risk
factors comply with general principles for the
calculation of CVA
2.	 A methodology for approximating the credit spreads
of illiquid counterparties is applied
3.	 A dedicated CVA risk management function and
control unit exists.
Qualifying banks need to follow general principles to
calculate regulatory CVA in line with the FRTB-CVA
framework. There are two options for generating
scenarios of discounted exposures: accounting-based
CVA and IMM-based CVA.
One could in principle base CVA sensitivities on add-
on approaches to exposure calculations, which would
mean relying on MTM sensitivities only, although the
consultation paper focuses on Monte Carlo simulation or
equivalent methods that are able to calculate CVA as a
proper hedging cost of counterparty credit risk (CCR).
Sample Calculations
For the sample calculations we selected synthetic
portfolios, including real market data, in order to provide
an impression of potential CVA risk capital charges for
end of June 2015. The sample portfolios consisted of
interest rate and cross currency swaps (USD and EUR).
For the sample calculations we considered the positions
of a medium-sized bank with two different types of
counterparties:
1.	 Interbank portfolios with investment grade ratings.
2.	 Corporate client portfolios with investment grade
ratings.
Simulation approach
We implemented a framework that matches the definitions
from the consultative paper and the corresponding QIS
instructions. For sensitivity calculations, a two factor
semi-analytic model was used. Sensitivities were based
on 1 bps tenor shifts for IR and Credit Spread Delta
and relative 1% shifts for FX Delta, as well as relative
parallel 1% shifts for IR and FX volatilities to calculate
Vega sensitivities. All calculated sensitivities were input
into an aggregation tool to compute the CVA risk
capital charges. An important additional input for the
calculation of capital charges is the corresponding risk
weight for each counterparty. We selected investment
grade financial and corporate counterparties, leading
to the following risk weights for the old and new basic
approaches:
Table 1: Risk weights for the old and new approach
Calculation Results
Current Basel III CVA risk capital charge
This charge is calculated as a baseline scenario that
defines the current capital charges for all banks without
an available advanced approach. By applying the same
rating for the financial and corporate counterparty there
was no difference between CVA risk charges for the two
portfolios. For the calculations, credit quality ‘3’ was
assumed with risk weight 1%. The EADs were calculated
according to the Current Exposure Method (CEM) as
described in article 274 CRR and the recognition of
netting was applied according to article 298.
Approach Financial Corporate
CRR 1.0% 1.0%
BA-CVA (option 1) 2.0% 1.5%
BA-CVA (option 2) 6.1% 1.8%
Qualifying banks need to follow
general principles to calculate
regulatory CVA in line with the
FRTB-CVA framework
6 | www.quantifisolutions.com
Conclusion
The most important result is the increase of the
CVA risk capital charge under the new basic
approach (BA-SVA) compared to the current
standardized approach. The impact of the new CVA
risk regulation framework on calculation methods
and infrastructure of banks could be the turning
point for many medium-sized institutes. This is due
to many having only recently started calculating
exposures and CVA within a Monte Carlo simulation
based framework for IFRS 13 compliant accounting.
The SA-CVA method may be an attractive way to
reduce capital charges for CVA risk - provided that
banks are able to install an active CVA desk that is
managing CVA and CVA risk. This would be the first
time the Basel committee recognizes the simulation
methods used for accounting for regulatory
purposes.
Regular calculation of CVA sensitivities is not
something associated with a Monte Carlo installation
for month end IFRS reporting. Therefore, banks
seeking to adopt the SA-CVA method will be
interested in fast and accurate CVA sensitivity
calculations. Research and technology solution
providers are able to provide various approaches
that support automatic differentiation methods,
i.e. Malliavin type derivatives, alternative likelihood
ratio methods or fast GPU implementations. Other
methods for increasing efficiency may include
more effective streaming algorithms and utilizing
dependency graphs for analysis.
As a final point, in addition to the QIS on the CVA
risk capital charge finalized in September 2015, the
current QIS on CVA risk ends 13 May 2016.
Future Basic approach for CVA risk capital charge
Calculations were based on EAD figures derived from
SA-CCR, the new standardized approach effective
January 1 20172
. Considered by regulators as a more
risk sensitive approach than CEM. SA-CCR recognizes
netting and margin agreements in an enhanced way,
and incorporates the IMM multiplier to account for
model inaccuracies. For interest rate swaps without
CSAs the SA-CCR EAD is significantly higher. While CEM
recognizes CSAs only for in-the-money trades, SA-CCR
offers significant EAD reduction for both considered
types of CSA trades, and also takes into account Margin
Period of Risk (MPOR).
Results for the future basic approach show a significant
increase in capital charges for all considered trades,
compared to current Basel III results. It is evident that the
new basic approach significantly increases the capital
charge for both counterparties.
Future SA-CVA charge
Results for the future standardized approach display
different behaviors in the calculation of capital charges.
The most relevant factors are credit spread sensitivities,
especially for the collateralized portfolios. For those
portfolios with cross currency swaps, the FX Vegas are
also of major relevance.
The future SA-CVA capital charge is highly beneficial for
collateralized trades as it is the result of calculations with
real CVA sensitivities. For trades with no CSA, SA-CVA is
generally higher than the current capital charge, whereas
for trades with CSA I and CSA II this order is reversed.
Increasing MPOR from 0 to 20 days makes the trade
riskier, and thus increases both CVA and SA-CVA for
CSA II when compared with CSA I. MPOR also changes
the distribution of sensitivities in credit buckets, which
are dominant in SA-CVA calculations. So whilst the
sensitivity of a credit parallel shift is always higher for
CSA II, some credit bucket sensitivities for CSA II can be
lower than those of CVA I which may lead to a smaller
capital charge.
The impact of the new CVA risk
regulation framework on calculation
methods and infrastructure of banks
could be the turning point for many
medium-sized institutes.
Request a copy:
www.quantifisolutions.com/whitepapers
[1] The internal model approach IMA-CVA that has been introduced in the
consultative paper and both QIS has been eliminated later on. Elimination
has been published in a consultation paper regarding credit risk RWA [4]
[2] Basel Committee on Banking Supervision. The standardised approach for
measuring counterparty credit risk exposures. March 2014.
Written by
Dmitry Pugachevsky
Director of Research, Quantifi
Qian You
Quantitative Analyst, Quantifi
Sebastian Schnitzler
Manager, d-fine, Frankfurt
Stefan Medina Hernando
Consultant, d-fine, Frankfurt
Holger Plank
Senior Manager, d-fine, Frankfurt
Nadja Schuster
Senior Manager, d-fine, Zurich
It is evident that the new basic
approach significantly increases the
capital charge for both counterparties
www.quantifisolutions.com | 7
Managing the Cost of Collateral
120 individuals from across the industry
took part in the Quantifi webinar ‘Cost of
Collateral for Clearing’ and were surveyed
on the challenges associated with clearing
and how they plan to address them.
Basel III
Dodd Frank
MiFID III
EMIR
said they want to
implement a new or
upgrade exisitng risk system so that
accurate calculations are made
of respondents
said they are
working on improving
infrastructure and frame-
works to address issues in a
more holistic manner
49%
Main Challenges
• Measuring actual and optimal cost
of collateral
• Calculating expected cost of
collateral over the life of the trade
• Consolidated, transparent reporting
across product/ CCPs/clients
• Gaining access to limited business
resources to address the topic
• Deciding on counterparty, client
and CCP selection.
What are your business priorities,
related to calculating cost of collateral
for the next 12 to 18 months?
78%of respondents are considering either an
external or a hybrid (buy & build) approach
to collateral management technology
How do you plan to address these deficiencies?
Regulatory reforms
increasing cost of capital
Is your current infrastructure suited
to address challenges of calculating
cost of collateral?
8 | www.quantifisolutions.com
The New Building Blocks
of Financial Technology
by Marc Adler, Chief Architect
A Microservices Architecture
(MSA) allows Quantifi functionality
to be consumed in different ways
Single Solution
The increasing impact of emerging regulations,
market unease and internal pressures have
heightened the attention on risk technology
and operations. With the traditional segmented
approach to risk management no longer suitable,
the application of integrated risk management is
fast becoming best practice. Risk technology is
undergoing its next wave of innovation with a new
breed of single integrated solutions. With a focus
on reducing costs and a desire to consolidate
positions in as few systems as possible, firms
are moving towards a more balanced, business
aligned, and risk based strategy. In an ideal
setting, end-users are favouring trading, portfolio
management, risk, and analytics contained within a
single platform, maintained by a single vendor, with
one point-of-contact for support.
Firms want to minimize the number of different
technologies that are in play, aiming to lower costs
and improve resilience. They want to be able to
upgrade functionality with minimal operational or
organisational interruption in their daily workflow
and to avoid punitive project costs for what is
sometimes limited added value. Technology
providers that provide a single, extensible platform
are becoming increasingly desirable.
Quantifi’s single solution for risk, analytics and
trading provides rich functionality spanning
multiple asset classes. Built on the latest version
of Microsoft .NET and C#, Quantifi is an extensible
platform that provides full front to back office
functionality. Quantifi provides unparalleled
extensibility and scalability across all major
components. This enablest teams responsible
for structuring, hedging, risk management,
and control functions e.g. accounting to take
an enterprise approach to risk management.
In these days of ever-increasing regulation,
managing risk is a difficult task at the best
of times. Over the years, I have seen the pain
firms experience when attempting to integrate
disparate systems and streamline front-to-back
processes. There is evidence that, managed properly,
a holistic approach to risk management pays off. In
contrast, maintaining multiple systems is complex and
consequently can be costly and often inadequate.
www.quantifisolutions.com | 9
Quantifi’s intuitive workflow, based on the
Microsoft Workflow Foundation, allows for tailored
trade-lifecycle workflows to be easily configured
and deployed. Quantifi’s API’s also allows for much
faster integration with other 3rd party or in-house
systems as we are not faced with many of the
issues that older legacy systems encounter.
Quantifi has stayed ahead of the competition
by continuing to make smart investments in new
technology that translate into long-term value
for our clients. We recently invested in data
distribution to adapt to the heavy demands of big
data by utilising a NoSQL database environment.
Our investment has also reshaped how our
architecture serves our clients. Quantifi has shifted
to a microservices architecture to address the
modern business imperatives of speed, agility and
scalability.
Microservices – A Winning Paradigm
A key question we are often asked when engaging
with our clients is “How can we leverage Quantifi
and realise our value add without significant
infrastructure change?” and the implied onerous
costs that would go with that route.
At Quantifi our philosophy is to look for ways to
best leverage new technologies. A key focus for
the past 12 months has been to make Quantifi
more open and flexible by separating out our
architecture into microservices - essentially small,
API-accessible, single-purpose components. A
microservices architecture promotes developing,
testing, deploying and managing of applications
composed of autonomous self-contained
components built around system functionality,
with each running its own process. This latest
initiative is fundamentally different from the way
traditional applications are designed, developed
and deployed. A Microservices Architecture (MSA)
allows Quantifi functionality to be consumed in
different ways that are most applicable to our
client’s unique business requirements. Our clients
write applications that interface with Quantifi, and
also seamlessly interface their existing systems with
the data and services that Quantifi provides. This
move to a MSA makes our solution more receptive
to technological evolution and incremental change.
Our individual microservices implement a different
slice of functionality, with each microservice
exposing an API that is accessible through REST
and industry-standard JMS messaging. New
“events” are propagated to a common messaging
infrastructure. Clients can write applications to
call (or subscribe) to these events, and display
the information in a proprietary GUI. This new
architecture enables Quantifi to offer “headless
risk services”, where customers can send requests
to a service and receive risk results back, all without
requiring a GUI.
Before embracing a new microservices
architecture, the Quantifi development team
carried out acceptance and usability testing by
writing a stand-alone batch scheduling service that
“snapped in” to the Quantifi platform. There were
no hard references between the main Quantifi
platform and the scheduling service. Going
forward Quantifi will roll out additional value-
added microservices that can be easily plugged
into the existing system.
s
This move to a MSA makes
our solution more receptive to
technological evolution and
incremental change.
Microservices is a software
architecture style in which complex
applications are composed of
small, independent processes
communicating with each other
using language-agnostic APIs. These
services are small, highly decoupled
and focus on doing a small task,
facilitating a modular approach to
system-building (Wikipedia).
10 | www.quantifisolutions.com
Cloud Enabled
Cloud is a key enabler to reduce the complexity
of building, implementing and operating
microservices. Quantifi’s cloud-service fabric helps
connect and reliably serve various services to our
clients, making applications more manageable,
reliable and scalable. Processes within any
organisation need to be able to respond and adapt
to market conditions. This is where a combined
cloud-strategy and MSA comes in. By utilising a
cloud infrastructure, as business processes change,
individual or multiple services can be dynamically
unplugged or replaced as needed. With a cloud
framework, Quantifi can operate within a dynamic
environment.
Responsive to Change
The move to a MSA allows Quantifi to push new
functionality out to clients more rapidly. Some of
the key benefits to our clients include reduced
disruption on their side, a faster time to market
and ultimately an overall lower total cost of
ownership. Improvements to individual services
can also be deployed independently of the rest of
the system and therefore not require a complete
system upgrade. If a problem was to occur, it can
be isolated to an individual component and be
swapped out without impacting other services.
This reduces the operational impact and lowers
the level of support required. Components within
a MSA are loosely coupled, making them more
flexible and responsive to change. This allows
Quantifi to release a different implementation for
each individual service that would interface with a
customer’s internal systems. For example, Quantifi
can release an authorization module that interfaces
with a customer’s own entitlement system. Quantifi
can also release an individual service to consume
data that a customer publishes over their own
messaging system. In general the risk involved in
changing or upgrading a single service is reduced.
Integration
Integration is one of the most important aspects
of technology associated with microservices.
Since microservices operate at a granular level,
Quantifi can offer services on an a-la-carte basis
so clients can select different services. These
chosen services can be seamlessly integrated to
co-exist with a client’s existing framework to form
a holistic system. This is important for a number of
our larger clients who only want to replace specific
functionality without the need to ‘rip and replace’
their entire system.
Scalability
With a MSA we have gained significant benefits
around reliability, ease of modification and
scalability. Quantifi currently supports horizontal
scalability, using Microsoft HPC compute grid and
vertical scalability using multi-core processing.
Unlike a layered architecture where you have
to scale everything together, with a MSA each
individual component can be scaled separately.
This scalability of services makes it easy for Quantifi
to start up additional instances of a service to deal
with periods of excessive load. Data and processing
can also be load-balanced across the various
instances of a service. This level of scalability also
improves the resilience of the Quantifi platform.
Messaging
Another interesting feature of a MSA is messaging.
JMS-based messaging and REST are two ways that
applications can communicate with the Quantifi
services. These are open standards supported by
different programming languages. A customer can
write an application in C#, C++, Java, or Python.
There is no requirement for a customer to know C#
and Microsoft .NET in order to interface with a
Quantifi service thus avoiding the need to add
additional resources or skill sets. The resulting
financial benefits are overwhelming.
www.quantifisolutions.com | 11
Advantages of a MSA
• Flexible and responsive to change
as each loosely coupled service is
independent
• Easier deployment as each service is
autonomous
• High scalability – can be scaled to
enhance performance if demand for a
particular service increases
• Easy and flexible integration with minimal
disruption to business processes and
systems
• Improves system resilience - failure of a
component can be identified and fixed
without impacting other services
Forward-looking firms are realising
that in the new world, the ability to
achieve scale, reliability and flexibility
will be a winning factor
Quantifi Microservices
Most firms have invested in technology capabilities
to satisfy new practices and regulatory requirements,
however, much remains to be done to operate
efficiently. As traditional systems grow and more
updates are bolted on they become too complex and
inflexible to the extent that they become incompatible
with new technologies and tools. Forward-looking
firms are realising that in the new world, the ability to
achieve scale, reliability and flexibility will be a winning
factor all of which will facilitate a lower total cost of
ownership.
Quantifi is very excited to roll out its MSA as it
radically changes how we build and deliver our
technology. Separating our architecture into
microservices has reshaped how we serve our clients.
A MSA makes initial implementation and future
upgrades simple and low risk. Clients also benefit
from unparalleled flexibility and customisation.
“In the mid- to long-term, we expect that the smart
evolution, utilization and deployment towards MSA
will be one of the bedrocks for the future evolution of
front office, risk, and compliance systems innovation.
Firms will be able to realize the benefits of reducing
integration expense, increasing asset reuse,
promoting business agility, and reducing business
risk in an environment where the pace of technology
innovation is accelerating”.
Cubillas Ding, Research Director, Celent
Marc Adler
Chief Architect, Quantifi
Marc joined Quantifi in 2015.
Before joining Quantifi he was
Chief Architect of the Equities
division of Citigroup, and
formerly the Chief Architect of MetLife. He was
the main designer of Lighthouse, Citigroup’s
first real-time business analytics system, which is
currently being used across the Equities and FX
divisions of the investment bank.
“In the mid- to long-term, we expect that the smart
evolution, utilization and deployment towards MSA will
be one of the bedrocks for the future evolution of front
office, risk, and compliance systems innovation”.
Cubillas Ding, Research Director, Celent
012 | www.quantifisolutions.com
Quantifi has been named Best Risk Management Technology Provider at the fourth
annual MENA Fund Manager Fund Services Awards. This is the second consecutive
year Quantifi has received this award.
The MENA FM Fund Services Awards recognise companies that have shown excellence
in providing services to the regions fund and asset management industry during
the course of 2015. Companies are evaluated on financial progress, growth, client
satisfaction, genuine product innovation and adaptability in the face of new client
demand and new regulations. The judging panel comprised representatives from
MENA Fund Manager, leading institutional investors and industry experts.
“We received a number of strong entries for this year’s awards from some of the most
highly regarded service providers active in the region’s asset management industry.
Quantifi emerged as the winner of Mena Fund Manager’s Best Risk Management
Provider award after judges noted the very high standards of service and support for
clients in the region”, comments Rob Langston, Editor of Mena Fund Manager.
Impact of the New CVA Risk Capital Charge
The recently published consultative document ‘Review
of the Credit Valuation Adjustment (CVA) risk framework’
by the Basel lll Committee introduces new approaches
for the calculation of regulatory capital. With focus on
XVA stakeholders including desk traders, risk manag-
ers, finance and technology professionals, this webinar,
co-hosted by Quantifi and d-fine, explores the new CVA
risk framework based on FRTB and SA-CCR.
View webinar: www.quantifisolutions.com/videos
Whitepapers
• Cost of Trading and Clearing in the Wake of
Margining
• A First View of the New CVA Risk Capital Charge
• IFRS 13: CVA DVA FVA and the Implications for
Hedge Accounting
• Sell-Side Risk Analytics - RiskTech Quadrant®
• OIS & CSA Discounting
• Buy-Side Risk Analytics - RiskTech Quadrant®
Best Risk Management Technology Provider
About Quantifi
Quantifi is a specialist provider of risk, analytics and trading solutions. Our award-winning suite of integrated pre
and post-trade solutions allows market participants to better value, trade and risk manage their exposures and
responds more effectively to changing market conditions.
Quantifi is trusted by the world’s most sophisticated financial institutions including five of the six largest global
banks, two of the three largest asset managers, leading hedge funds, insurance companies, pension funds, and
other financial institutions across 16 countries.
Renowned for our client focus, depth of experience, and commitment to innovation, Quantifi is consistently first-
to-market with intuitive, award-winning solutions.
enquire@quantifisolutions.com | www.quantifisolutions.com
EMEA +44 (0) 20 7248 3593 NA +1 212 784 6815 APAC +61 (02) 9221 0133
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Quantifi newsletter Insight spring 2016

  • 1. Newsletter | Spring 2016 INSIGHT First View on the New CVA Risk Capital Charge Managing the Cost of Collateral MICROSERVICES The New Building Blocks of Financial Technology
  • 2. 2 | www.quantifisolutions.com CEO Message Since the September 2015 issue of InSight, the news headlines have been occupied by the UK’s relationship with the EU and the impact of ‘Brexit’, the Chinese economy falling to its slowest growth rate for 25 years and the Fed’s historic rate rise. There have also been significant discussions and concerns around liquidity in some areas of the fixed income markets. This is an area of increased focus for Quantifi and one where we have invested significant resources to deliver sophisticated tools to help our clients more accurately measure and manage liquidity risk. There has been a great deal of talk about the need for capital markets’ to invest in technology. Leveraging better technology can increase flexibility, improve performance, reduce operational risk, and lower costs. Quantifi has invested heavily in BI and Big Data technology. Micro-services architecture is the next technology innovation that will fundamentally reshape the structure of risk technology. Our lead article written by Marc Adler, Quantifi’s Chief Architect, highlights how Quantifi is adopting a micro-services architecture to allow our functionality to be consumed in different ways and more receptive to technological evolution. This issue also includes a summary of a recent Quantifi whitepaper co-written by d-fine, a leading consultancy firm headquartered in Frankfurt, on the new approaches for calculating regulatory capital in response to the recently published CVA risk framework document published by the Basel lll Committee. In the coming weeks Quantifi will be hosting a series of breakfast briefings in London and New York. We have an exciting programme of topics, the first of which will focus on ‘sell side risk technology’. The last 12 months have been a period of significant progress for Quantifi. With recent industry awards and client wins, our technology is seen as a key differentiator in helping the market navigate through complex changes in market structure and regulation. Our significant re-investment in our solutions continues to pay dividends for our clients. Rohan Douglas, CEO, Quantifi
  • 3. www.quantifisolutions.com | 3 News NewOak Selects Quantifi’s Single Solution for Pricing and Analytics “We chose to integrate Quantifi into our solutions because their product complemented our existing technology framework while adding a high level of functionality. We were further impressed with Quantifi’s market presence, reputation and the high level of support.” Steve Segretta, Managing Director, NewOak Best Risk Management Technology Provider for Second Successive Year Quantifi named Best Risk Management Technology Provider at the fourth annual MENA Fund Manager Fund Services Awards. Companies are evaluated on financial progress, growth, client satisfaction, genuine product innovation and adaptability in the face of new client demand and new regulations. Risk Management Software of the Year for Financial Risk Judged by an independent panel of experts, the CIR Risk Management Awards recognise organisations and teams that have significantly added to the understanding and best practice of risk management. “Quantifi is delighted to receive the Risk Management Software of the Year award, especially considering the tough opposition from four other credible risk technology providers.” Roland Jordan, Head of EMEA Sales, Quantifi Events ComRisk 2016 Quantifi to present at ComRisk London, 25-26th May, 2016 Forius Agri-Business Group Quantifi invited to present at Forius Louisville, KY, 15-16 June, 2016 Cover Story Quantifi Micro-Services Architecture The increasing impact of emerging regulations, market unease and internal pressures have heightened the atten- tion on risk technology and operations. With the traditional segmented approach to risk management no longer suit- able, the application of integrated risk management is fast becoming best practice. With a focus on reducing costs and a desire to consolidate positions in as few systems as possible, firms are moving towards a more balanced, busi- ness aligned, and risk based strategy. Contents A First View on the New CVA Risk Capital Charge The recently published consultative document ‘Review of the Credit Valuation Adjustment (CVA) risk framework’ by the Basel Committee introduces new approaches for the calculation of regulatory capital. This article explores the effect of two of the new regulatory methods introduced in the consultative paper. The new approaches considered are aligned to the CVA calculations under IFRS and the market risk framework under the Committees’ Fundamental Review of the Trading Book (FRTB). Infographic: Managing the Cost of Collateral 120 individuals from across the industry took part in the Quantifi webinar ‘Cost of Collateral for Clearing’ and were surveyed on the challenges associated with clearing and how they plan to address them.
  • 4. 4 | www.quantifisolutions.com • ensure all important drivers of CVA risk and CVA hedges are covered in the Basel regulatory capital standard • align the capital standard with the fair value measurement of CVA employed under various accounting regimes • ensure consistency with the proposed revisions to the market risk framework under the Basel Committee’s Fundamental Review of the Trading Book The consultative paper proposes two frameworks to accommodate different types of banks with respect to the ability to calculate CVA sensitivities: • The “Basic CVA framework“ (BA-CVA), based on a formula similar to the current standardized method • The “FRTB-CVA framework” consisting of the standardized approach (SA-CVA), based on CVA sensitivities CVA RISK CAPITAL CHARGE A FIRST VIEW ON THE NEW In July 2015, the Basel Committee of Banking Supervision (BCBS) published a consultative paper on Credit Valuation Adjustment (CVA) risk to improve the current regulatory framework. In February 2016, the first improvements to this framework were introduced, based on the December 2015 Quantitative Impact Study (QIS)1 . A revision of the current framework addresses three issues: By Quantifi and d-fine
  • 5. www.quantifisolutions.com | 5 To highlight the key differences of current and future calculation approaches for regulatory CVA risk capital charges, including the eligibility criteria for using the different approaches, this article focusses on BA-CVA and SA-CVA. New basic approach (BA-CVA) For banks not able or willing to provide sufficient CVA sensitivities, a new basic approach, which is closely related to the current standardized method, should be used. Improvements to the approach include an enhancement of the definition of eligible credit risk hedges. New SA-CVA To use SA-CVA the following requirements must be fulfilled: 1. The calculation of CVA sensitivities for given risk factors comply with general principles for the calculation of CVA 2. A methodology for approximating the credit spreads of illiquid counterparties is applied 3. A dedicated CVA risk management function and control unit exists. Qualifying banks need to follow general principles to calculate regulatory CVA in line with the FRTB-CVA framework. There are two options for generating scenarios of discounted exposures: accounting-based CVA and IMM-based CVA. One could in principle base CVA sensitivities on add- on approaches to exposure calculations, which would mean relying on MTM sensitivities only, although the consultation paper focuses on Monte Carlo simulation or equivalent methods that are able to calculate CVA as a proper hedging cost of counterparty credit risk (CCR). Sample Calculations For the sample calculations we selected synthetic portfolios, including real market data, in order to provide an impression of potential CVA risk capital charges for end of June 2015. The sample portfolios consisted of interest rate and cross currency swaps (USD and EUR). For the sample calculations we considered the positions of a medium-sized bank with two different types of counterparties: 1. Interbank portfolios with investment grade ratings. 2. Corporate client portfolios with investment grade ratings. Simulation approach We implemented a framework that matches the definitions from the consultative paper and the corresponding QIS instructions. For sensitivity calculations, a two factor semi-analytic model was used. Sensitivities were based on 1 bps tenor shifts for IR and Credit Spread Delta and relative 1% shifts for FX Delta, as well as relative parallel 1% shifts for IR and FX volatilities to calculate Vega sensitivities. All calculated sensitivities were input into an aggregation tool to compute the CVA risk capital charges. An important additional input for the calculation of capital charges is the corresponding risk weight for each counterparty. We selected investment grade financial and corporate counterparties, leading to the following risk weights for the old and new basic approaches: Table 1: Risk weights for the old and new approach Calculation Results Current Basel III CVA risk capital charge This charge is calculated as a baseline scenario that defines the current capital charges for all banks without an available advanced approach. By applying the same rating for the financial and corporate counterparty there was no difference between CVA risk charges for the two portfolios. For the calculations, credit quality ‘3’ was assumed with risk weight 1%. The EADs were calculated according to the Current Exposure Method (CEM) as described in article 274 CRR and the recognition of netting was applied according to article 298. Approach Financial Corporate CRR 1.0% 1.0% BA-CVA (option 1) 2.0% 1.5% BA-CVA (option 2) 6.1% 1.8% Qualifying banks need to follow general principles to calculate regulatory CVA in line with the FRTB-CVA framework
  • 6. 6 | www.quantifisolutions.com Conclusion The most important result is the increase of the CVA risk capital charge under the new basic approach (BA-SVA) compared to the current standardized approach. The impact of the new CVA risk regulation framework on calculation methods and infrastructure of banks could be the turning point for many medium-sized institutes. This is due to many having only recently started calculating exposures and CVA within a Monte Carlo simulation based framework for IFRS 13 compliant accounting. The SA-CVA method may be an attractive way to reduce capital charges for CVA risk - provided that banks are able to install an active CVA desk that is managing CVA and CVA risk. This would be the first time the Basel committee recognizes the simulation methods used for accounting for regulatory purposes. Regular calculation of CVA sensitivities is not something associated with a Monte Carlo installation for month end IFRS reporting. Therefore, banks seeking to adopt the SA-CVA method will be interested in fast and accurate CVA sensitivity calculations. Research and technology solution providers are able to provide various approaches that support automatic differentiation methods, i.e. Malliavin type derivatives, alternative likelihood ratio methods or fast GPU implementations. Other methods for increasing efficiency may include more effective streaming algorithms and utilizing dependency graphs for analysis. As a final point, in addition to the QIS on the CVA risk capital charge finalized in September 2015, the current QIS on CVA risk ends 13 May 2016. Future Basic approach for CVA risk capital charge Calculations were based on EAD figures derived from SA-CCR, the new standardized approach effective January 1 20172 . Considered by regulators as a more risk sensitive approach than CEM. SA-CCR recognizes netting and margin agreements in an enhanced way, and incorporates the IMM multiplier to account for model inaccuracies. For interest rate swaps without CSAs the SA-CCR EAD is significantly higher. While CEM recognizes CSAs only for in-the-money trades, SA-CCR offers significant EAD reduction for both considered types of CSA trades, and also takes into account Margin Period of Risk (MPOR). Results for the future basic approach show a significant increase in capital charges for all considered trades, compared to current Basel III results. It is evident that the new basic approach significantly increases the capital charge for both counterparties. Future SA-CVA charge Results for the future standardized approach display different behaviors in the calculation of capital charges. The most relevant factors are credit spread sensitivities, especially for the collateralized portfolios. For those portfolios with cross currency swaps, the FX Vegas are also of major relevance. The future SA-CVA capital charge is highly beneficial for collateralized trades as it is the result of calculations with real CVA sensitivities. For trades with no CSA, SA-CVA is generally higher than the current capital charge, whereas for trades with CSA I and CSA II this order is reversed. Increasing MPOR from 0 to 20 days makes the trade riskier, and thus increases both CVA and SA-CVA for CSA II when compared with CSA I. MPOR also changes the distribution of sensitivities in credit buckets, which are dominant in SA-CVA calculations. So whilst the sensitivity of a credit parallel shift is always higher for CSA II, some credit bucket sensitivities for CSA II can be lower than those of CVA I which may lead to a smaller capital charge. The impact of the new CVA risk regulation framework on calculation methods and infrastructure of banks could be the turning point for many medium-sized institutes. Request a copy: www.quantifisolutions.com/whitepapers [1] The internal model approach IMA-CVA that has been introduced in the consultative paper and both QIS has been eliminated later on. Elimination has been published in a consultation paper regarding credit risk RWA [4] [2] Basel Committee on Banking Supervision. The standardised approach for measuring counterparty credit risk exposures. March 2014. Written by Dmitry Pugachevsky Director of Research, Quantifi Qian You Quantitative Analyst, Quantifi Sebastian Schnitzler Manager, d-fine, Frankfurt Stefan Medina Hernando Consultant, d-fine, Frankfurt Holger Plank Senior Manager, d-fine, Frankfurt Nadja Schuster Senior Manager, d-fine, Zurich It is evident that the new basic approach significantly increases the capital charge for both counterparties
  • 7. www.quantifisolutions.com | 7 Managing the Cost of Collateral 120 individuals from across the industry took part in the Quantifi webinar ‘Cost of Collateral for Clearing’ and were surveyed on the challenges associated with clearing and how they plan to address them. Basel III Dodd Frank MiFID III EMIR said they want to implement a new or upgrade exisitng risk system so that accurate calculations are made of respondents said they are working on improving infrastructure and frame- works to address issues in a more holistic manner 49% Main Challenges • Measuring actual and optimal cost of collateral • Calculating expected cost of collateral over the life of the trade • Consolidated, transparent reporting across product/ CCPs/clients • Gaining access to limited business resources to address the topic • Deciding on counterparty, client and CCP selection. What are your business priorities, related to calculating cost of collateral for the next 12 to 18 months? 78%of respondents are considering either an external or a hybrid (buy & build) approach to collateral management technology How do you plan to address these deficiencies? Regulatory reforms increasing cost of capital Is your current infrastructure suited to address challenges of calculating cost of collateral?
  • 8. 8 | www.quantifisolutions.com The New Building Blocks of Financial Technology by Marc Adler, Chief Architect A Microservices Architecture (MSA) allows Quantifi functionality to be consumed in different ways Single Solution The increasing impact of emerging regulations, market unease and internal pressures have heightened the attention on risk technology and operations. With the traditional segmented approach to risk management no longer suitable, the application of integrated risk management is fast becoming best practice. Risk technology is undergoing its next wave of innovation with a new breed of single integrated solutions. With a focus on reducing costs and a desire to consolidate positions in as few systems as possible, firms are moving towards a more balanced, business aligned, and risk based strategy. In an ideal setting, end-users are favouring trading, portfolio management, risk, and analytics contained within a single platform, maintained by a single vendor, with one point-of-contact for support. Firms want to minimize the number of different technologies that are in play, aiming to lower costs and improve resilience. They want to be able to upgrade functionality with minimal operational or organisational interruption in their daily workflow and to avoid punitive project costs for what is sometimes limited added value. Technology providers that provide a single, extensible platform are becoming increasingly desirable. Quantifi’s single solution for risk, analytics and trading provides rich functionality spanning multiple asset classes. Built on the latest version of Microsoft .NET and C#, Quantifi is an extensible platform that provides full front to back office functionality. Quantifi provides unparalleled extensibility and scalability across all major components. This enablest teams responsible for structuring, hedging, risk management, and control functions e.g. accounting to take an enterprise approach to risk management. In these days of ever-increasing regulation, managing risk is a difficult task at the best of times. Over the years, I have seen the pain firms experience when attempting to integrate disparate systems and streamline front-to-back processes. There is evidence that, managed properly, a holistic approach to risk management pays off. In contrast, maintaining multiple systems is complex and consequently can be costly and often inadequate.
  • 9. www.quantifisolutions.com | 9 Quantifi’s intuitive workflow, based on the Microsoft Workflow Foundation, allows for tailored trade-lifecycle workflows to be easily configured and deployed. Quantifi’s API’s also allows for much faster integration with other 3rd party or in-house systems as we are not faced with many of the issues that older legacy systems encounter. Quantifi has stayed ahead of the competition by continuing to make smart investments in new technology that translate into long-term value for our clients. We recently invested in data distribution to adapt to the heavy demands of big data by utilising a NoSQL database environment. Our investment has also reshaped how our architecture serves our clients. Quantifi has shifted to a microservices architecture to address the modern business imperatives of speed, agility and scalability. Microservices – A Winning Paradigm A key question we are often asked when engaging with our clients is “How can we leverage Quantifi and realise our value add without significant infrastructure change?” and the implied onerous costs that would go with that route. At Quantifi our philosophy is to look for ways to best leverage new technologies. A key focus for the past 12 months has been to make Quantifi more open and flexible by separating out our architecture into microservices - essentially small, API-accessible, single-purpose components. A microservices architecture promotes developing, testing, deploying and managing of applications composed of autonomous self-contained components built around system functionality, with each running its own process. This latest initiative is fundamentally different from the way traditional applications are designed, developed and deployed. A Microservices Architecture (MSA) allows Quantifi functionality to be consumed in different ways that are most applicable to our client’s unique business requirements. Our clients write applications that interface with Quantifi, and also seamlessly interface their existing systems with the data and services that Quantifi provides. This move to a MSA makes our solution more receptive to technological evolution and incremental change. Our individual microservices implement a different slice of functionality, with each microservice exposing an API that is accessible through REST and industry-standard JMS messaging. New “events” are propagated to a common messaging infrastructure. Clients can write applications to call (or subscribe) to these events, and display the information in a proprietary GUI. This new architecture enables Quantifi to offer “headless risk services”, where customers can send requests to a service and receive risk results back, all without requiring a GUI. Before embracing a new microservices architecture, the Quantifi development team carried out acceptance and usability testing by writing a stand-alone batch scheduling service that “snapped in” to the Quantifi platform. There were no hard references between the main Quantifi platform and the scheduling service. Going forward Quantifi will roll out additional value- added microservices that can be easily plugged into the existing system. s This move to a MSA makes our solution more receptive to technological evolution and incremental change. Microservices is a software architecture style in which complex applications are composed of small, independent processes communicating with each other using language-agnostic APIs. These services are small, highly decoupled and focus on doing a small task, facilitating a modular approach to system-building (Wikipedia).
  • 10. 10 | www.quantifisolutions.com Cloud Enabled Cloud is a key enabler to reduce the complexity of building, implementing and operating microservices. Quantifi’s cloud-service fabric helps connect and reliably serve various services to our clients, making applications more manageable, reliable and scalable. Processes within any organisation need to be able to respond and adapt to market conditions. This is where a combined cloud-strategy and MSA comes in. By utilising a cloud infrastructure, as business processes change, individual or multiple services can be dynamically unplugged or replaced as needed. With a cloud framework, Quantifi can operate within a dynamic environment. Responsive to Change The move to a MSA allows Quantifi to push new functionality out to clients more rapidly. Some of the key benefits to our clients include reduced disruption on their side, a faster time to market and ultimately an overall lower total cost of ownership. Improvements to individual services can also be deployed independently of the rest of the system and therefore not require a complete system upgrade. If a problem was to occur, it can be isolated to an individual component and be swapped out without impacting other services. This reduces the operational impact and lowers the level of support required. Components within a MSA are loosely coupled, making them more flexible and responsive to change. This allows Quantifi to release a different implementation for each individual service that would interface with a customer’s internal systems. For example, Quantifi can release an authorization module that interfaces with a customer’s own entitlement system. Quantifi can also release an individual service to consume data that a customer publishes over their own messaging system. In general the risk involved in changing or upgrading a single service is reduced. Integration Integration is one of the most important aspects of technology associated with microservices. Since microservices operate at a granular level, Quantifi can offer services on an a-la-carte basis so clients can select different services. These chosen services can be seamlessly integrated to co-exist with a client’s existing framework to form a holistic system. This is important for a number of our larger clients who only want to replace specific functionality without the need to ‘rip and replace’ their entire system. Scalability With a MSA we have gained significant benefits around reliability, ease of modification and scalability. Quantifi currently supports horizontal scalability, using Microsoft HPC compute grid and vertical scalability using multi-core processing. Unlike a layered architecture where you have to scale everything together, with a MSA each individual component can be scaled separately. This scalability of services makes it easy for Quantifi to start up additional instances of a service to deal with periods of excessive load. Data and processing can also be load-balanced across the various instances of a service. This level of scalability also improves the resilience of the Quantifi platform. Messaging Another interesting feature of a MSA is messaging. JMS-based messaging and REST are two ways that applications can communicate with the Quantifi services. These are open standards supported by different programming languages. A customer can write an application in C#, C++, Java, or Python. There is no requirement for a customer to know C# and Microsoft .NET in order to interface with a Quantifi service thus avoiding the need to add additional resources or skill sets. The resulting financial benefits are overwhelming.
  • 11. www.quantifisolutions.com | 11 Advantages of a MSA • Flexible and responsive to change as each loosely coupled service is independent • Easier deployment as each service is autonomous • High scalability – can be scaled to enhance performance if demand for a particular service increases • Easy and flexible integration with minimal disruption to business processes and systems • Improves system resilience - failure of a component can be identified and fixed without impacting other services Forward-looking firms are realising that in the new world, the ability to achieve scale, reliability and flexibility will be a winning factor Quantifi Microservices Most firms have invested in technology capabilities to satisfy new practices and regulatory requirements, however, much remains to be done to operate efficiently. As traditional systems grow and more updates are bolted on they become too complex and inflexible to the extent that they become incompatible with new technologies and tools. Forward-looking firms are realising that in the new world, the ability to achieve scale, reliability and flexibility will be a winning factor all of which will facilitate a lower total cost of ownership. Quantifi is very excited to roll out its MSA as it radically changes how we build and deliver our technology. Separating our architecture into microservices has reshaped how we serve our clients. A MSA makes initial implementation and future upgrades simple and low risk. Clients also benefit from unparalleled flexibility and customisation. “In the mid- to long-term, we expect that the smart evolution, utilization and deployment towards MSA will be one of the bedrocks for the future evolution of front office, risk, and compliance systems innovation. Firms will be able to realize the benefits of reducing integration expense, increasing asset reuse, promoting business agility, and reducing business risk in an environment where the pace of technology innovation is accelerating”. Cubillas Ding, Research Director, Celent Marc Adler Chief Architect, Quantifi Marc joined Quantifi in 2015. Before joining Quantifi he was Chief Architect of the Equities division of Citigroup, and formerly the Chief Architect of MetLife. He was the main designer of Lighthouse, Citigroup’s first real-time business analytics system, which is currently being used across the Equities and FX divisions of the investment bank. “In the mid- to long-term, we expect that the smart evolution, utilization and deployment towards MSA will be one of the bedrocks for the future evolution of front office, risk, and compliance systems innovation”. Cubillas Ding, Research Director, Celent
  • 12. 012 | www.quantifisolutions.com Quantifi has been named Best Risk Management Technology Provider at the fourth annual MENA Fund Manager Fund Services Awards. This is the second consecutive year Quantifi has received this award. The MENA FM Fund Services Awards recognise companies that have shown excellence in providing services to the regions fund and asset management industry during the course of 2015. Companies are evaluated on financial progress, growth, client satisfaction, genuine product innovation and adaptability in the face of new client demand and new regulations. The judging panel comprised representatives from MENA Fund Manager, leading institutional investors and industry experts. “We received a number of strong entries for this year’s awards from some of the most highly regarded service providers active in the region’s asset management industry. Quantifi emerged as the winner of Mena Fund Manager’s Best Risk Management Provider award after judges noted the very high standards of service and support for clients in the region”, comments Rob Langston, Editor of Mena Fund Manager. Impact of the New CVA Risk Capital Charge The recently published consultative document ‘Review of the Credit Valuation Adjustment (CVA) risk framework’ by the Basel lll Committee introduces new approaches for the calculation of regulatory capital. With focus on XVA stakeholders including desk traders, risk manag- ers, finance and technology professionals, this webinar, co-hosted by Quantifi and d-fine, explores the new CVA risk framework based on FRTB and SA-CCR. View webinar: www.quantifisolutions.com/videos Whitepapers • Cost of Trading and Clearing in the Wake of Margining • A First View of the New CVA Risk Capital Charge • IFRS 13: CVA DVA FVA and the Implications for Hedge Accounting • Sell-Side Risk Analytics - RiskTech QuadrantÂŽ • OIS & CSA Discounting • Buy-Side Risk Analytics - RiskTech QuadrantÂŽ Best Risk Management Technology Provider About Quantifi Quantifi is a specialist provider of risk, analytics and trading solutions. Our award-winning suite of integrated pre and post-trade solutions allows market participants to better value, trade and risk manage their exposures and responds more effectively to changing market conditions. Quantifi is trusted by the world’s most sophisticated financial institutions including five of the six largest global banks, two of the three largest asset managers, leading hedge funds, insurance companies, pension funds, and other financial institutions across 16 countries. Renowned for our client focus, depth of experience, and commitment to innovation, Quantifi is consistently first- to-market with intuitive, award-winning solutions. enquire@quantifisolutions.com | www.quantifisolutions.com EMEA +44 (0) 20 7248 3593 NA +1 212 784 6815 APAC +61 (02) 9221 0133 Follow us on