Kinship Boundaries in the Southern Dutch Village of Heugem in 1796
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Overview of family relations between the inhabitants of the village of Heugem (the Netherlands) in 1796.
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Kinship Boundaries in the Southern Dutch Village of Heugem in 1796
- 1. Kinship Boundaries in the Southern Dutch Village of Heugem in 1796 Peter Prevos
- 2. Kinship ● Language of social structure ● Influences social behaviour Overview of the Eskimo kinship terminology. ● Culturally dependant Commonly used in northern European societies. Source: Wikipedia. ● Strength of ties ● Little information about non-household kin available 24-28 September 2012 Peter Prevos, Kinship Boundaries in 1796 2
- 3. Kinship as a Social Boundary ● Council of Trent – Control sexual behaviour – Marriage impediments ● Kinship system – Consanguinity – Affinity – Ritual The Council of Trent depicted by Pasquale Cati. Source: Wikipedia. 24-28 September 2012 Peter Prevos, Kinship Boundaries in 1796 3
- 4. Methodology ● Genealogical method 10 9 ● Synchronic view 8 Number of households 7 6 – Point in time 5 – Anthropological approach 4 3 ● Sources 2 1 0 – 1796 census 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 People per household – Parish records – Civil registration (post 1796) Household sizes in Heugem (based on corrected population list). – Secondary sources 24-28 September 2012 Peter Prevos, Kinship Boundaries in 1796 4
- 5. 1796 Census ● All citizens over 12 years of age – Name – Age – Profession – Origin – Number of children Département of the First French Empire in present day Belgium, Netherlands and Germany. Source: Wikipedia. 24-28 September 2012 Peter Prevos, Kinship Boundaries in 1796 5
- 6. Other Sources ● Parish registers – Baptisms – Marriages – Deaths ● Civil registration – GenLias ● Secondary sources – Boersma (2002) St Michael Church in Heugem. Source: Wikipedia. – Paquay (2005) 24-28 September 2012 Peter Prevos, Kinship Boundaries in 1796 6
- 7. Heugem in the 18th Century ● Part of the county of Gronsveld ● Market garden economy ● 1742, 1788 en 1788: Floods ● 1794: Maastricht capitulates to the French ● 1796: French census Heugem in 1808 on the 'Tranchot map'. 24-28 September 2012 Peter Prevos, Kinship Boundaries in 1796 7
- 8. Demography: Population List ● 39 houses 91-100 81-90 Women ● 173 inhabitants 71-80 Men 61-70 – 53% men 51-60 Age 41-50 ● Life expectancy 66 31-40 21-30 years 11-20 0-10 ● 89% born in Heugem 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Number of people 5 10 15 20 Population pyramid for Heugem. ● 90% dies in Heugem 24-28 September 2012 Peter Prevos, Kinship Boundaries in 1796 8
- 9. Demography: Households ● Dominated by nuclear households ● One household with apprentice from other family ● One single household 24-28 September 2012 Peter Prevos, Kinship Boundaries in 1796 9
- 10. Kinship: Traditional View 24-28 September 2012 Peter Prevos, Kinship Boundaries in 1796 10
- 11. Kinship: Heugem Overview Kindred Male Female Total Parents 93 101 194 Children 107 87 194 Siblings 190 166 356 Aunts/uncles 128 137 265 Nephews/Nieces 154 111 265 Cousins 434 336 770 Grandparents 30 28 58 Grandchildren 34 24 58 Total 1,170 990 2,160 24-28 September 2012 Peter Prevos, Kinship Boundaries in 1796 11
- 12. Kinship: Matrix view ● Individual connections ● Red – Parents – Siblings ● Green – Uncles – Grandparents – Grandchildren – Nephews/nieces ● Yellow – Cousins 24-28 September 2012 Peter Prevos, Kinship Boundaries in 1796 12
- 13. Kinship: Social Networks ● Visualise social structure ● Legend – Arrow: parent-child – Triangle: male – Circle: female – Blue: Born in Heugem – Red: Born elsewhere – White: Deceased Partial network view of the Beckers family. 24-28 September 2012 Peter Prevos, Kinship Boundaries in 1796 13
- 14. Kinship: Social Network view Family relationships in Heugem 24-28 September 2012 Peter Prevos, Kinship Boundaries in 1796 14
- 15. Conclusions ● Kinship created a social boundary ● Heugem a close community with few links to other villages 24-28 September 2012 Peter Prevos, Kinship Boundaries in 1796 15
- 16. Further Research ● Compare Heugem with other villages – Same methodology – Crowd-sourcing Internet research – prevos.net/heugem Wie Was Wie genealogical website. 24-28 September 2012 Peter Prevos, Kinship Boundaries in 1796 16
Editor's Notes
- Internal police act of the commune of the Republic (1795)
- Sources Methodology Follow standard family history methodology as described by La Haye and van Drie Assumed that baptism witnesses are related to child in cases where the parents are not immediately apparent All data digitised in Gedcom file. Family history data matched with census Used discussion model to correct the census – many children not mentioned.
- Heugem is currently a suburb of Maastrich, but formed in the 18th century part of the county of Gronsveld, which formed part of the imperial circle of Westphalia Heugem formed its own parish (St Michael) Economically dependant upon Maastricht Fertile floodplains of the river Maas Floods were regular occurences 1795: Incorporated in the French empire Department of Meuse-Inférieure 1796: French census
- Demographics 39 houses with 172 inhabitants Average age 30 years Youngest is two weeks old. Priest is the oldest (95) Life expectancy for men 67 and for women 64 years 1.2% of children dies before the age of ten 31 people (18%) reach the age of 80 and over All born within 30km radius from Heugem Professions Housewife: 32 Farmer : 12 Day labourer: 10 Blacksmith: 3 Gardener: 3 Cobler: 2 Baker, brandy maker, mayor, sexton, milliner, teacher and carpenter Poverty: 6 Priest Five women were pregnant Two identical twins (one deceased) Six inhabitants born within 32 weeks from their parent's marriage.
- The network view provides a visual snapshot of the social relation in Heugem The more central a person is in the diagram, the more connections they have Household 39: Laurentius Beckers (de oude) and his wife are the most connected people in Heugem Some connections have not been confirmed (dotted lines)