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HÖGNIVÅSPRÅK



 Av:
 Andreas Lundgren
 Kurs:
 DV001G
DATORNS GRUND SPRÅK
 Ett program sĂ€ger Ă„t datorn vad som ska
  ske
 Enklaste formen datorsprĂ„k bestĂ„r av tvĂ„
  sprÄkelementent.
     Ström     pĂ„ och ström av
       Ettor   och nollor
 Minsta data enheten kallas bit (binary
  digit)
 Gruppering av bitar skapar program

 Problem: Komplicerat och tidskrĂ€vande
ASSEMBLER

 KrĂ€vdes mer mĂ€nniskovĂ€nligt sprĂ„k
 AnvĂ€ndaren ger instruktioner



       Instruktioner   Assemblator   MaskinsprÄk



   Assemblatorn konverterar instruktionerna
    till maskinsprÄk.
HÖGNIVÅSPRÅK
   Typ av programsprĂ„k
   Än mer mĂ€nniskonĂ€ra sprĂ„k
   En instruktion motsvarar flera maskininstruktioner


         KÀllkod       Kompilator    MaskinsprÄk



    Syntax
    Nyckelord
KATEGORIER AV HÖGNIVÅSPRÅK

      Imperativ programmering
                     ‱ Ex:
   Pascal, Fortran, Basic, C, C++, Ada, Java,
                       C#
     Deklarativ Programmering
    ‱ Ex: Funktionella sprĂ„k, Logiska sprĂ„k

  Objektorienterad programmering
       ‱ Ex: C++, Eiffel, Ruby, Java, C#
FORTRAN

 FORmula TRANslator
 Första högnivĂ„sprĂ„ket

 1954 av IBM

 Vetenskapligt sprĂ„k
COBOL

 Common Business Oriented Language
 1959 av USA:s försvarsdepertement

 Kommersiellt bruk
C

 Dennis Ritchi pĂ„ Bell Labs
 1972

 För UNIX-datorer

 Dominerande sprĂ„k för tekniska applikationer

 ANSI C
C++

 Bjarne Stroustrup pĂ„ AT&T’s Bell Labratories
 MĂ„l: Objektorienterat simuleringssprĂ„k

 Superset av C

 HybridsprĂ„k
     Objektorientering

     Sekventiell   programmering
JAVA

 Sun Microsystem
 Första versionen 1998

 UtgĂ„r frĂ„m C++

 Objektorienterat sprĂ„k
C#

 Av Microsoft 2001
 Utgick frĂ„n C++

 Helt objektorienterat sprĂ„k
ETT EXEMPEL PÅ KÄLLKOD FÖR C#
//C#
using system;
class Hejsan
{
  public static void Main()
  {
     Console.WriteLine(”Hejsan!”);
  }
}
REFERENSLISTA

   Abelli B. Programmeringens Grunder.
    Studentlitteratur AB, 2012. ISBN: 978-91-44-
    03597-0

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Hognivasprak andreas lundgren

  • 1. HÖGNIVÅSPRÅK Av: Andreas Lundgren Kurs: DV001G
  • 2. DATORNS GRUND SPRÅK  Ett program sĂ€ger Ă„t datorn vad som ska ske  Enklaste formen datorsprĂ„k bestĂ„r av tvĂ„ sprĂ„kelementent.  Ström pĂ„ och ström av  Ettor och nollor  Minsta data enheten kallas bit (binary digit)  Gruppering av bitar skapar program  Problem: Komplicerat och tidskrĂ€vande
  • 3. ASSEMBLER  KrĂ€vdes mer mĂ€nniskovĂ€nligt sprĂ„k  AnvĂ€ndaren ger instruktioner Instruktioner Assemblator MaskinsprĂ„k  Assemblatorn konverterar instruktionerna till maskinsprĂ„k.
  • 4. HÖGNIVÅSPRÅK  Typ av programsprĂ„k  Än mer mĂ€nniskonĂ€ra sprĂ„k  En instruktion motsvarar flera maskininstruktioner KĂ€llkod Kompilator MaskinsprĂ„k  Syntax  Nyckelord
  • 5. KATEGORIER AV HÖGNIVÅSPRÅK Imperativ programmering ‱ Ex: Pascal, Fortran, Basic, C, C++, Ada, Java, C# Deklarativ Programmering ‱ Ex: Funktionella sprĂ„k, Logiska sprĂ„k Objektorienterad programmering ‱ Ex: C++, Eiffel, Ruby, Java, C#
  • 6. FORTRAN  FORmula TRANslator  Första högnivĂ„sprĂ„ket  1954 av IBM  Vetenskapligt sprĂ„k
  • 7. COBOL  Common Business Oriented Language  1959 av USA:s försvarsdepertement  Kommersiellt bruk
  • 8. C  Dennis Ritchi pĂ„ Bell Labs  1972  För UNIX-datorer  Dominerande sprĂ„k för tekniska applikationer  ANSI C
  • 9. C++  Bjarne Stroustrup pĂ„ AT&T’s Bell Labratories  MĂ„l: Objektorienterat simuleringssprĂ„k  Superset av C  HybridsprĂ„k  Objektorientering  Sekventiell programmering
  • 10. JAVA  Sun Microsystem  Första versionen 1998  UtgĂ„r frĂ„m C++  Objektorienterat sprĂ„k
  • 11. C#  Av Microsoft 2001  Utgick frĂ„n C++  Helt objektorienterat sprĂ„k
  • 12. ETT EXEMPEL PÅ KÄLLKOD FÖR C# //C# using system; class Hejsan { public static void Main() { Console.WriteLine(”Hejsan!”); } }
  • 13. REFERENSLISTA  Abelli B. Programmeringens Grunder. Studentlitteratur AB, 2012. ISBN: 978-91-44- 03597-0

Editor's Notes

  1. VÀkommen till en kort introduktion om högnivÄsprÄk.
  2. Datorns sprÄk bestÄr endast av sprÄkelementen ström av och ström pÄ. Vilket kan motsvaras av ettor och nollor. En kombination dessa bitar ger oss program men om allt ska skrivas med ettor och nollor blir det vÀl tidskrÀvande.
  3. För att kunna ge en anvÀndare möjlighet att enklare skapa maskinkod sÄ gör en assemblator om specifika instruktioner till maskinkod.
  4. Det man skriver i en programmering editor kallas kÀllkod. För högnivÄsprÄk sÄ utför en kompilator kompileringen som gör om instruktionerna till maskinsprÄk.Syntax: Regelverk kring hur detta sprÄk ska skrivas.Nyckelord: Varje sÄdant ord har en specific betydelse i programmet.
  5. Imperativ programmering: De programsatser vi skriver utgör en sekvens av kommandon som skickas till datorn.Deklarativ programmering: Beskriver en uppsĂ€ttning villkor och lĂ„ter datorn avgöra hur dessa uppfylls. Funktionella sprĂ„k: Matematiska funktioner som beskriver samband.Logiska sprĂ„k: Defenierar ”vad” som ska göras snarare Ă€n att beskriva hur det ska gĂ„ till.Objektorientrad programmering: Programmet Ă€r uppbyggt av en samling separata enheter, som skickar meddelande mellan varandra.
  6. Fortran var det första högnivÄsprÄket som skapades primÀrt för vetenskaplig forskning.
  7. Togs fram för att fÄ ett standardiserat programmeringssprÄk.
  8. C var en vidareutveckling av sprÄket BCPL som gjordes av Martin Richard. American National Standard Institute (ANSI) tog 1983 fram en standardiserad version av C kallad ANSI C.
  9. Att det Àr just C++ kommer frÄn en operation som ökar vÀrdet av en variabel (C i detta fall) med 1. Utvecklades av Bjarne Stroustrup.Stroustrups mÄl var att skapa ett objektorienterat simuleringssprÄk. Superset av C i den bemÀrkelse att allt vi kan göra i C gÄr att göra i C++. HybridsprÄk i den mening att objektorientering och sekventiell programmering tillÄts samtidigt.
  10. Utvecklades av Sun Microsystem.Första versionen kom 1998 men har funnits tillgÀngligt sedan 1995. UtgÄr frÄn C++ men plockade bort de konstruktioner som var osÀkra eller onödigt komplicerade.
  11. Utgick frÄn C++ men plockade Àven in delar frÄn det egna Visual Basic.
  12. Ett exempel pĂ„ kĂ€llkod hos som C# som skriver ut Hejsan! pĂ„ skrĂ€men. Typiskt för kĂ€llkod (inom flera sprĂ„k) Ă€r att rader för kod avslutas med semikolon och ”mĂ„svingar” avgrĂ€nsar programblock för olika nivĂ„er.
  13. Tack för mig!