The document discusses agile estimation techniques. It defines estimation as "the calculated approximation of a result which is usable even if input data may be incomplete or uncertain." Traditionally, estimates become an unbreakable schedule where any deviation is seen as bad. However, agile estimation throws this logic away and always re-estimates a project after each iteration. Using techniques like user stories, story points, planning poker, and velocity, agile estimation embraces the uncertainty in estimates and sees deviations not as failures but as opportunities for more accurate estimations.