The document provides an overview of social semantic bookmarking systems. It introduces social bookmarking and semantic annotation approaches and their advantages and disadvantages. It then describes seven prominent social semantic bookmarking systems: BibSonomy, SOBOLEO, Fuzzzy, GroupMe!, Twine, ZigTag, and Faviki. Differentiating dimensions between the systems include the types of tag relations allowed, how semantic structures are maintained, how semantics are used, and issues around export formats and interoperability. The document aims to outline the current state of the art in social semantic bookmarking.

1. Semantics to the Bookmarks:
A Review of Social Semantic
Bookmarking
Systems
Simone Braun,
Claudiu Schora,
Valentin Zacharias

2. This Presentation
• Goal: An overview of the state of the art in Social
Semantic Bookmarking
• Part 1: Introducing Social Semantic Bookmarking
• Part 2: Social Semantic Bookmarking Systems
• Part 3: Some Important Differentiating Dimensions

3. Part 1:
Introducing Social
Semantic Bookmarking
• Part 1.1:
Social Bookmarking Systems
• Part 1.2:
Semantic Annotation Systems
• Part 1.3:
Social Semantic Bookmarking

4. Social Bookmarking, Definition
• Bookmark:
Manually created reference to (internet)
content deemed interesting
• (Linguistic) Tag:
Arbitrary keyword assigned to an entity
(e.g. bookmark) to aid in management and
retrieval
• Social Bookmarking Site:
Website facilitating discovery of interesting
content & persons through shared tags and
bookmarks

5. Social Bookmarking – Advantages &
Disadvantages
• Advantages:
Lightweight, easy to use, adaptable,
no setup, proven – used by millions of
users.
• Disadvantages:
– Lack of precision due to (Mis-)Spelling,
Polysemy, Homonymy
– Lack of recall due to Multilingualism,
Synonymy, Basic Level Phenomena

6. Semantic Annotation, Definition
• Annotation:
An addition made to an entity to aid
management, retrieval etc.
• Semantic Annotation:
OntoMat
An annotation done using a term
described with some background
knowledge
– (usually contained in an ontology)
– e.g. its relation to other terms

7. Semantic Annotation – Advantages &
Disadvantages
• Advantages:
– Better Retrieval due to explicitly represented
concept relations
 improving query and browse functionality
– Better Use Of Annotation due to standardized
languages and machine understandable
annotations
 allow for better interoperability between systems

8. Semantic Annotation – Advantages &
Disadvantages
• Disadvantages:
– High Cost: Ontologies are usually created by highly
paid knowledge engineers that also first need to
learn about the domain
– Low Appropriateness due to the technical,
personal and temporal separation between
creation and use of ontology
heavyweight process
large upfront investment
high time lack between concept emergence and
inclusion in ontology
errors due to limited domain understanding of
knowledge engineers

9. Social Bookmarking vs.
Semantic Annotation
• Social Bookmarking lacks semantic
precision and recall
• Semantic Annotation stumbles
because of the separation between
creation and use of the semantic
model
• Social Semantic Bookmarking
combines the advantages of both
while avoiding the problems

10. Social Semantic Bookmarking
Combines these paradigms
• by allowing lightweight and social
organization of bookmarks
• with tags extended by semantic
definitions and descriptions
• that also evolve (collaboratively) within
the same system

11. Part 2:
Social Semantic
Bookmarking Systems
• BibSonomy • ZigTag
• SOBOLEO • Faviki
• Fuzzzy • gnizr
• GroupMe • Annotea
• Twine

12. BibSonomy
• System for the management of
internet resources and publication
entries, tailored towards academics
• Created by the University Kassel
• Extends the tag model with relations
between tags
Try it at:
http://www.bibsonomy.org/
No Installation

13. SOBOLEO
• SOBOLEO: SOcial BOokmarking and
Lightweight Engineering of Ontologies
• Social Semantic Bookmarking System
created by FZI
• Allows simple tags but also concepts
with multiple labels, relations etc.
• Supports a community of practice in the
joint structuring of Try it at:
a domain. http://tool.soboleo.com/
No Registration, No Installation

14. Fuzzzy
• Manages bookmarks of internet
resources, ISBN numbers, media files
and geographic locations
• Developed at the University of Oslo
• Allows a large number of relations
between tags
• Unique in that it allows voting on all
aspects of the semantic model to
facilitate gardening Try it at:
http://www.fuzzzy.com
No Installation

15. GroupMe!
• Bookmarking of web resources with ‘tag
groups’ as additional structure
• Created by the University of Hannover
• Additional focus on making bookmarks
of multimedia resources more easily
accessible
Try it at:
http://groupme.org/
No Installation

16. Twine
• Organizing and sharing of bookmarks of
web pages, images, videos, products and
books
• Commercial product developed by Radar
Networks
• Main ordering principle “Twine” – kind
of user interest group. Tags related
through use in same Twine
• Extensive use of automatic classification
to reduce tagging effort Try it at:
http://www.twine.com
No Installation

17. ZigTag
• Organizes bookmarks of internet
resources
• Commercially run by a small
Canadian company
• Allows the users to choose from a
given list of tags (‘ZigTags’) with a
specific meaning
• Sets ‘ZigTags’ automatically into
Try it at: relation
http://www.zigtag.com
No Installation

18. Faviki
• Manages bookmarks of internet
resources
• Developed by Serbian Web
designer Vuc Milicic
• Unique in that it relies on
Wikipedia articles as tags
• Uses DBpedia to support
multilinguality Try it at:
http://www.faviki.com
No Installation

19. Part 3:
(Some) Important
Differentiating Dimensions
• Part 3.1: Tag Relations
• Part 3.2: Semantic Consistency
• Part 3.3: Use of Semantics
• Part 3.4: Export & Interoperability

20. Tag Relations
• All analyzed systems provide support
for relations between tags
• Only SOBOLEO, Fuzzzy and BibSonomy
allow explicitly user created relations
• For Twine and GroupMe! tag relations
are indirectly affected by users
creating collections

21. Semantic Consistency
• Structure is local, i.e. only usable by
the user that created it (BibSonomy)
• Global structure is maintained
collectively according to Wiki
principle (SOBOLEO, Fuzzzy)
• Global structure is only indirectly
computed from user actions
(GroupMe!, Twine)
• Global structure is imported or only
edited by administrators (ZigTag,
Faviki)

22. Use of Semantics
• Additional semantics is mainly used
to support tag-based navigation
• As far as we know, no inferencing
engine is used
• Integrating semantics into keyword
based search is an area of current
active development (e.g. Faviki,
SOBOLEO, Twine)

23. Export & Interoperability
• Data Exchange and Interoperability main
promise of Semantic (Web) Technologies
• All systems support some kind of export
functionality, but varied and incompatible
formats (BURST, SWRC, XTM, DCMI, SKOS,
SCOT ..)
• Promise of interoperability currently not
realized, but active area with CommonTag as
format that could make interoperability
possible

24. Summary
• Social Semantic Bookmarking Systems
combine Social Bookmarking and Semantic
Annotation
– by allowing lightweight, flexible annotation
– but also more complex and formal description of
tags
– wich evolve (collaboratively) within the same
system

25. Summary
• At least seven such systems are actively
developed: BibSonomy, SOBOLEO, Fuzzzy,
GroupMe!, Twine, ZigTag and Faviki
• Import differentiating dimension and areas of
current development are:
– kind of relations
– edit scopes
– the use of the semantics
– export formats

26. Thank you for your
Attention !
• Simone Braun
(braun@fzi.de)
• Claudiu Schora
(Claudiu.Schora@fzi.de)
• Valentin Zacharias (zach@fzi.de)
SOBOLEO demo at 3:40 pm at
MATURE project booth or
try SOBOLEO at:
http://tool.soboleo.com/
No Registration, No Installation