Building and Technology Part 2 for Malaysia - Past year exam questions analysis for anyone who is taking the exam and need some help with the questions.

1. Building and Tech 2 Past Year Exam Questions Analysis
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Pile Foundation 1a) Piles may be
classified by the
way in which
they transmit
their loads to
subsoil or by
the way they
are constructed.
Explain.
b) Explain one
of the methods
of pile testing
and the types of
piles cap.
answered
1a) What is pile foundation?
State conditions where it must be used.
A pile is a column of concrete that extends downward
deep into the soil.
Piled foundations consist of a number of piles
connected by a ring of concrete called a ground beam.
This is similar to a strip foundation but not as wide.
#1: Method of construction is to drive precast piles
into the soil using hydraulic drop hammer.
#2: Bored Pile- the drilling of a pile hole in the soil,
which is then poured with concrete and reinforced with
steel.
Once the piles are complete, the ground beam can be
created. This is the surface of which the walls of the
dwelling can be built. answered
1a) Explain with
diagram, how
pile foundation
distribute its
load.
b) What is a
partially pre
case pile? With
diagram,
explain the pile
driving
operations.
answered
1a) Explain
classification of
piles.
b) Use diagram,
elaborate diff
between driven
pile and bored
pile.
answered
1a) Explain the
conditions of
construction
site where the
piled
foundation
must be used.
b) Explain the
term 'pre-cast
concrete piles'
and 'in situ
concrete piles'.
Elaborate the
methods of
constructions of
the piles.
answered
2a) Explain the
functions of
foundation.
b) Explain in
what situation
the strip
foundation can
be used and
how this type of
foundation is
constructed.
c) Illustrate diff
bet. Pad and
Raft
Foundation.
1bi) Mortar
ii) Bonding
iii) Jointing &
Pointing
iv) Slump test
1a) Explain
factors in
selecting
building
foundation.
b) Explain
characteristics of
Strip and Pad
Foundation.
answered
Site Investigation 2a) Explain
dewatering
techniques at
construction
sites.
1a) Site
investigation is
important
ensure the
suitability of the
site for the
proposed
development.

2. a) Explain the
objectives of
Site
Investigation
b) Prepare a
report regarding
the information
needed from
the site
investigation.
c) Describe
'Desk Study' in
Site
Investigation
work.
Scaffolding 4a) Explain what is scaffold and state the function of
scaffolds.
bi) Putlogs scaffolds
ii) independent scaffolds
4a) What is
'scaffold' and
state the
functions and
materials used
for scaffolding.
b) Use diagram,
explain main
elements of
scaffolding.
Shoring 4a) Explain
what is shoring
and state the
situation where
shoring is
required.
b) With
diagram,
explain types of
shoring
systems.
Formwork 4a) State
requirements
should be
fulfilled by
formwork.
4b) Explain
i) Foundation
formwork
ii) Column
formwork
iii) Beam
Formwork
(diagram)
2a) Explain the
term 'skeleton
frame' and
elaborate the
functions of its
elements
b) What is
concrete portal
frame? State
advantages of
using pre-case
concrete portal
frame.
Retaining Wall
Cement/ Bricks 3a) Portland
cement
b) Types of bricks
c) Reinforcement

3. Concrete
d) Types of
finished for a
building
Concrete/
Finished/ Frame
2a) State
advantages and
disadvantages
of steel frame
as compared to
concrete frame.
b) Diagram-show
the types
of standard
steel frames
members.
1b) Explain differences between pre cast concrete
piles and in situ concrete piles.
answered
4a) Elaborate
the stages in
construction of
a large case in-situ
ground
floor in an
industrial
building.
b) Elaborate 3
types of solid
concrete floor
structure with a
span exceeding
12 metres.
3a) Elaborate on
the steps taken
in constructing
large cast in situ
ground floor.
b) Indicate 3
types of solid
concrete upper
floor structures
with a span
exceeding 12
metres.
5a) Elaborate
factors
influencing
choice of steel
and concrete as
material for
frame structures.
b) Advantage
i) in situ case
reinforced
concrete
structure
ii) Steel frame
structures
Conventional
Steel cut steel to
the correct
lengths, and then
weld them
together to make
the final
structure. -done
entirely at the
construction site,
- reduce time.
Bolted Steel
Construction --
finished and
painted steel
components,
shipped to the
site and simply
bolted in place.
-need cranes and
bolting, - fast.
Light Gauge Steel
Construction -
common for
residential and
small buildings
Light gauge steel
is steel that is in
the form of thin
(1-3mm) sheets
of steel that have
been bent into
shape to form C-
4a) Materials
most suited for
construction of
framed
structures are
steel and
reinforced
concrete.
Explain factors
influencing the
choice between
steel and
concrete
structures.
answered
b)

4. sections or Z-sections.
Walls/
Diaphragm
Retaining Wall
bi) Explain
differences
i ) in situ
concrete floor
slab & in situ
tee beams &
floor slab.
ii) Precast
Concreet
Hollow Beam
Floor & Precase
concrete solid
beam floor.
3a) Explain 2 types of wall suitable for multi-storey
building e.g. office building. State reasons.
b) Explain purpose of retaining wall. With diagram,
show 3 types of retaining walls.
2b) Explain
'Diaphram wall'.
Elaborate the
construction of
the wall
3a) Elaborate
the factors in
designing
retaining walls.
b) Diagrams-indicate
3 types
of retaining wall
suitable for
height up to 6
meter.
4a) Elaborate the
functional
requirements of
walls for
factories.
b) Explain wall
cladding and infill
panel.
Discuss and show
diff. bet. both
wall
constructions by
sketches.
3a. State 3
functional
requirements of
external walls
for framed
buildings.
b) i) Curtain
walling
in) In-fill panels
(use diagrames)
Roofs 5a) State factors
to be
considered
when designing
or choosing
type of roof for
factory if need
roof lighting.
b) With
diagram,
explain 3 types
of roof
structures for a
factory building.
5a) State the
basic
requirements of
roof finishes
materials for a
factory
building.
b) Explain the
types of roof
finishes suitable
for a factory
building.
2a) Explain
functional
requirements of
long span roofs.
b) With
diagrams,
explain types of
long span roofs.
i)Northlight
Roofs
ii) Monitor
Roofs
iii) Flat Top
Girders
3a) There are
many types of
pitch roof used in
our country.
With sketch,
explain
i) Gable Roof
ii) Hip Roof
iii) Lean to Roof
b) List 5
disadvantage of a
flat roof
3b) Explain i)
Lattice Truss
Frame
ii) Portal Frame
(diagram)
Floors 3a) Explain the
factors to be
considered in
designing
factory building
floors.
4a) Explain
factors affecting
the choice of
floor structures.
b) Sketch
i) Suspended
timber ground
floor
ii) Concrete
ground floor
2. Explain flush
slab, beam and
slab, drop beam
slap with
diagram.
Staircases 3a) Explain 3
types of
6a) Explain 3
types of

5. concrete
staircase.
b) Explain the
advantage of
pre-case
concrete
staircase as
compared to an
in situ concrete
staircase.
concrete
staircase
Door
Frame building 2a) With diagram, explain 3 types of multi storey
structure.
b) Explain the term 'portal frame' and state the main
objective of this form of design.
Windows 6a) Describe
functions and
functional
requirements of
windows.
b) Draw Vertical
section
i) casement
window
ii) adjustable
louvered glass
window
iii) Glass sliding
window (FAQ)
Drainage System 6b) Diagram, show 3 types of building drainage
system for domestic building.
6a) Explain
difference bet
the separate
and combined
drainage
system with
diagram.
b) Factors to
consider in
design of
drainage
systems.
Water Supply
System
7a) Use
diagram,
explain hot
water supply to
2 storey houses.
b) State
materials used
for pipework for
water supplies.
answered
7a) Explain water supply system for residential
buildings in Malaysia (diagram).
b) Sketch and label componetns of water tank and
explain the operation.
5a) By diagram,
explain the
water system
supply
i) Indirect
system of cold
water supply
ii) Indirect
system of hot
water supply
b) State the
material used
b) Illustrate how
indirect cold
water supply is
connected from
the main to the
2 storey
domestic
building.
Give advantage
of this system.
5a) The single
stack system is a
simplification of
the one pipe
system, with the
anti-siphon pipes
being completely
omitted or
included only in
special
circumstances.
Explain the main
5) Explain basic
difference and
adv of direct and
indirect cold
water supply
system.
b) Back
siphonage is the
back flow of
water which
may be
contaminated
into the main

6. for water
supply pipes.
answered
requirements of
the single stack
system (diagram)
water supply.
Explain how
back siphonage
can be
prevented from
occuring.
Discharge System 6a) With
diagram,
illustrate how
discharge from
sanitary
appliances are
discharged to
the
underground
drain.
b) How to
prevent odors
emitting from
sanitary
appliances.
5a) Explain differences between discharge pipe
system and drainage system.
Introduction
Designed to carry waste water from a property to
the main sewage network, domestic drainage
systems are classed in 2 distinct ways. Depending on
the age of your property, the drainage will be either a
single-stack or a two-pipe system.
Both systems functional equally well, however
the single stack system is the more prefered
option as it it less prone to causing damp.
Two-pipe drainage system
Primarily found in houses built before the late 1950s,
in a two-pipe system the WC waste is fed into a large
diameter vertical soil pipe, seperate to the other
waste water. The key features of this system are:
 WC waste is fed into a large bore soil
pipe, which leads directly to the sewage
network, and often runs down the
outside wall of a property
 Remaining waste waters from
washbasins, bath and kitchen sink etc are
combined via seperate smaller bore
branch pipes in a gully just below ground
level
 To prevent back siphoning and to
discharge any gases from the drains, the
largesoil pipe is vented to the
outside above the guttering
 All appliances contain a u-bend trap full
of water to prevent drain smells
penetrating the house
 The waste from the gully finally meets
the soil water a short distance from the
property on its way to the sewers
 At this meeting point will be
an inspection chamber with a manhole
cover
6a) What is
discharge pipe?
Use diagram,
show various
types of
discharge pipe
system.
b) State the
requirements of
an efficient
discharge pipe
system.
6a) What is
discharge
pipes?
Use diagram,
explain the
types of
discharge pipe
system.
b) Elaborate the
requirements of
an efficient
system for
discharge pipe.
7b) State
materials for
discharge pipes
and joints.
5b) What is the
function of a
manhole and
illustrate using
diagrams the
situation where
manholes must
be provided.
7a) Explain 2
methods of
disposing the
collected
rubbish.
i) Open
drumping
ii) Land Filling

7. The primary problems associated with two-pipe
systems are centred around the gully, where the
branch waste pipes meet. During winter the gully can
easily become blocked with dirt and leaves, which if
left unattended, can lead to penetrating damp and
other damp related issues
Single-stack drainage system
Since the late 1950s, almost all new houses are built
with a single-stack drainage system. The key features
of this system are:
 All waste from washbasins, sinks, baths
and WC waste is fed into the same large
bore vertical waste pipe
 Unlike the two-pipe system, this large
bore pipe is often incorporated into the
internal framework of a property
 To prevent back siphoning and to
discharge any gases from the drains,
the soil pipe is vented to the
outside above the roof line
 All appliances contain a u-bend trap full
of water to prevent drain smells
penetrating the house
 Exceptions to the main soil pipe can be
waste from a kitchen sink, and
sometimes a cloakroom WC, which will
each have its own drain point
 A single-trap system needs to be
designed carefully to prevent a heavy
flow of water from one appliance
siphoning the trap of another
 A short distance from the property will
be a manhole cover over the inspection
chamber for drainage to the sewer
network
 If the cloakroom WC has it's own
drainage point, it will have a manhole
cover and inspection chamber too
Cesspools & septic tanks
When a property is situated in a remote location, it is
often unfeasable to connect this property to the main
sewage network. In these instances, the waste water
from the property is collected in either a cesspool or a
septic tank.
 Cesspools & septic tanks

8. Who is responsible for the drains?
If the property has it's own drainage system, then
the entire system up to the point where it meets the
main sewer network is the responsibility of the
property owner.
If the property is connected to a communal drainage
network things are not so straightforward. If the
drains require maintenance or blockages to be
cleared then:
 If the drains were constructed before
1937 the responsibility lies with the
local council
 If the drains were constructed post 1937
the responsibility lies with the
householders collectively. The cost of
any repairs etc must be shared no matter
where in the system
Clearing blocked pipes and drains
If water fails to drain cleanly from a washbasin, bath
or sink it's advisable to address the issue as soon as
possible. Chemical unblockers are a good option,
however sometimes it is necessary to use a pump or
plunger on sinks washbasins and WCs, and rods for
drains and sewers.
Sewage System 6a) Diagram, explain sewage treatment process in
septic tank.
b) Explain the sewerage system in Malaysia.
7a) State the
functions of
inspection
chambers and
manholes in the
sewarage
system and
where they
should be
provided.
b) Explain
i) Internation
dimentions of
manholes
ii) Form of
manhole
constructions
7a) State
purpose of
sewerage
system and
explain the
system as being
practised in
Malaysia.
7a) Explain
underground
sewarage
systems for
combined and
separate
system.
b) 5 rules and
regulations in
construction of
drainage system
7b) Using
diagram, explain
underground
sewarage
systems for the
combined and
separate system.
Sanitary
Applicance
5a) What is trap
in sanitary
applicances?

9. Use diagram
indicate the
types of trap.
b) Explain 3
ways how
water losses
can happen in
the trap.
Ventilation 6a) Explain
importance of
natural
ventilation in a
building and
effects of such
ventilation.
b) Explain
mechanical
ventilation and
the types of
systems
available and
what are the
requirements by
the local
authority with
regards to fresh
air supply in a
building.
7a) Explain
Industrialized
Building System.
b) Discuss
advantage and
disadvantage of
using IBS in our
construction
industry.