Linked Data and Semantic Web Technologies
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In my talk I walk throgh Semantic Web initiatives, like RDF and SPARQL, linked data principles, discuss some implementation and adoption issues and talk about semantic annotation in HTML. Semantic annotation using the Schema.org vocabulary is demonstrated using both HTML 5 Microdata or JSON-LD input. There is a strong highlight in benefits seen in Google search results with Rich Snippets, Actions in Email, and Google Now with real examples.
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Linked Data and Semantic Web Technologies
- 1. LINKED DATA IN USE
- 2. LINKED DATA IN globo.com Ícaro Medeiros icaro.medeiros@gmail.com ! Time de Semântica semantica@corp.globo.com Front in Bahia 13/9/2014 USE Schema.org, JSON-LD, and hypermedia APIs
- 3. WHAT IS LINKED DATA?
- 4. SEMANTIC WEB ! DONE RIGHT
- 5. "I have a dream for the web in which computers become capable of analyzing all the data on the web - the content, links, and transactions between people and computers." Tim Berners-Lee
- 6. ROBERTO CARLOS GOAL AT MARACANÃ
- 9. Standard Vocabularies • Dublin Core: publications • FOAF: people • SIOC: online communities • DBPedia: Wikipedia in triples
- 10. Linked Data Principles 1. Use URIs as names for things 2. Use HTTP URIs so that people can look up those names. 3. When someone looks up a URI, provide useful information, using the standards (RDF*, SPARQL) 4. Include links to other URIs, so that they can discover more things.
- 11. Or… 1. Entity identity 2. Access 3. Structure 4. Integration
- 12. RDF AND SPARQL
- 13. Triple representation subject predicate object Neymar is a player Barcelona is a team Neymar plays for Barcelona
- 14. <Player> <Time> is a is a is a plays for <Neymar> <Barcelona> <Santos> <Partida> <BarcelonaXSantos:02082013> is a home team away team location <Camp Nou> date "2013/08/02"
- 15. RDF triples @prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>. @prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>. @prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>. @prefix dbpedia: <http://dbpedia.org/ontology> ! esportes:Neymar rdf:type dbpedia:SoccerPlayer ; rdfs:label "Neymar" ; foaf:name "Neymar da Silva Santos Júnior" ; dbpedia:birthDate "05/02/1992" ; owl:sameAs dbpedia:Neymar . Linking! datasets
- 16. LINKED DATASETS
- 17. SPARQL query Select all instances of dbpedia:SoccerPlayer class and its names ! ! ! SELECT ?player ?name FROM <http://dbpedia.org> WHERE { ?player rdf:type dbpedia:SoccerPlayer ; rdfs:label ?name . }
- 18. • Complexity (ontologies?) • NO clear advantage • Triplestore databases: immature • Missing a killer application • Fax problem • Slow adoption Problems
- 19. LINKED DATA WITHOUT RDF?
- 20. DON’T YOU WORRY ABOUT A schema.org/Thing
- 21. SCHEMA.ORG
- 23. RICH SNIPPETS GOOGLE NOW KNOWLEDGE GRAPH CLEAR ADVANTAGE
- 24. RICH SNIPPETS City Date Location
- 27. GOOGLE NOW
- 28. MAPS
- 29. SERP
- 30. <html itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Event"> <head> <title itemprop="name"> Front in Maceió </title> crawler! saves annotation! in KG search results! enhanced
- 31. ONE VOCABULARY TO RULE THEM ALL
- 32. HOW TO DO IT?
- 33. MICRODATA <html itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Event"> <head> <title itemprop="name"> Front in Bahia </title> ...
- 34. NESTED PROPERTIES <html itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Event"> ... <section itemprop="location" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Place"> <span itemprop="name">CESMAC</span> <span itemprop="address" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/PostalAddress"> <span itemprop="addressLocality"> Maceió </span> ...
- 35. Schema.org usage • Sample 12B pages (Google Index) • 6% domains • ~21% pages • Avg entities/page: 6 • Avg facts/page: 26 http://www.slideshare.net/rvguha/sem-tech2014c
- 36. JSON-LD
- 37. Plain old JSON { "name": "Keith Urban", "url": "http://www.keithurban.net/tour/420", }
- 38. JSON-LD { "@context": "http://schema.org", "@type": "MusicEvent", "name": "Keith Urban", "url": "http://www.keithurban.net/tour/420", }
- 39. Advantages • Semantic layer on top of JSON • Self-described • Can be added to existing APIs • JSON is extensively used • Data can be anchored in schema.org • Easy serialization to RDF
- 40. JSON-LD AND HYPERMEDIA APIS
- 41. GET /events/1 HTTP/1.1 Host: example.com ==================================== HTTP/1.0 200 OK ... Content-Type: application/json Link: <example.com/events/1.jsonld>; rel=http://www.w3.org/ns/json-ld#context; type=application/ld+json ! { "name": "Keith Urban", "url": "http://www.keithurban.net/tour/420", } Client follows link! (hypermedia API)
- 42. Self-described Resource { "@context": "http://schema.org", "@type": "MusicEvent", "@id": "/events/1", "name": "Keith Urban", "url": "http://www.keithurban.net/tour/420", }
- 43. Resource+links { "@context": "http://schema.org", "@type": "MusicEvent", "@id": "/events/1", "name": "Keith Urban", "url": "http://www.keithurban.net/tour/420", "offers": [{ "@id": "/events/1/offer/1", "@type": "Offer" }]} Client follows link
- 44. JSON-SCHEMA
- 45. Schema in different resource GET /events/1 HTTP/1.1 Host: example2.com ==================================== HTTP/1.0 200 OK … Content-Type: application/json; profile=/events/1/_schema ! { "name": "Keith Urban", "url": "http://www.keithurban.net/tour/420", } Client follows link (hypermedia API)
- 46. GET /events/1/_schema HTTP/1.1 Host: example2.com ==================================== HTTP/1.0 200 OK … ! { "title": "Event", "type": "object", "properties": { "name": {"type": "string"}, "url": {"type": "url"} }, "links": { "rel": "offers", "href": "/events/1/offers" } } Client does not know! URLs, just 'rel's
- 47. HYPERMEDIA APIS
- 48. Hypermedia? • Don’t remind URLS. Navigate! • Decoupling server and client • Content negotiation • Application treated as State Machine
- 49. GET / "links": [ { "href": “http://example.com/“, "rel": "self" }, { "href": "http://example.com/{resource_id}", "rel": "item" }, { "href": "http://example.com", "method": "POST", "rel": "create" }, { "href": "http://example.com/{resource_id}", "method": "DELETE", "rel": "delete" }, { "href": "http://example.com/?page=2", "method": "GET", "rel": "next" } ] { "items": [ { "title": "News", "@id": "http://example.com/news/", "resource_id": "news" }, { "title": "Sports", "@id": "http://example.com/sports/", "resource_id": "sports" } ]
- 50. resource_id:sports rel:item GET / /sports GET
- 51. self Relations /sports/Team/ Barcelona /sports/ Team inCollection item create replace delete
- 52. JSON-LD IN HTML
- 53. JSON-LD annotation <script type="application/ld+json"> [{ "@context": "http://schema.org", "@type": "MusicEvent", "name": "Keith Urban", "url": "http://www.keithurban.net/tour/420", "startDate": "2014-09-07", "performer": [{ "@type": "MusicGroup", "name": "Keith Urban", "sameAs": "http://www.keithurban.net"}], www.keithurban.net/tour Linking! datasets Same! vocabulary
- 54. "location": { "@type": "Place", "name": "Sleep Train Amphitheatre", "address": { "@type": "PostalAddress", "addressLocality": "Sacramento", "addressState": "CA", "addressCountry": "US" }}, "offers": [{ "@type: "Offer", "name": "TICKETS", "url": "http://www.keithurban.net/tour/420" }]} //... ] </script> Link is! followed! by crawler
- 55. { "@context": "http://schema.org", "@type": "MusicEvent", // ... "offers": [{ "@type": "Offer", "name": "General Tickets", "price": "40.00", "priceCurrency": "USD", "availability": "InStock", "validFrom": "2014-02-15T10:00", "category": "primary", "url": "www.axs.com/events/248328/keith-urban-tickets" }]} keithurban.net/tour/420 ……..
- 57. JSON-LD IN EMAIL
- 58. <script type="application/ld+json"> { "@context": "http://schema.org", "@type": "FlightReservation", "reservationNumber": "RXJ34P", "reservationStatus": "http://schema.org/Confirmed", "underName": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Eva Green" }, "reservationFor": { "@type": "Flight", "flightNumber": "110", "airline": { "@type": "Airline", "name": "United" }, //... </script>
- 60. OPEN GRAPH
- 63. TOOLS
- 64. SCHEMA.ORG
- 65. JSON-LD.ORG
- 68. STRUCTURED DATA MARKUP HELPER https://www.google.com/webmasters/markup-helper
- 71. Semantic annotation goes a looong way • +SEO • +Mobile Rich Info • Applications we don’t even know yet
- 73. icaromedeiros.com.br • Pelican (Python) • Use ReStructuredText (rst) or Markdown • Generate static pages • Deploy to github pages easily • github.com/icaromedeiros/pelican-microdata
- 74. .. itemscope:: BusinessEvent :tag: p ! Today I have presented a talk in :itemprop:`Salvador <location>` at :itemprop:`Front in Bahia <name>`.
- 75. <p itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/BusinessEvent"> Today I have presented a talk in <span itemprop="location">Salvador</span> at <span itemprop="name">Front in Bahia</span>. </p>
- 76. globo.com Ícaro Medeiros icaro.medeiros@gmail.com ! Semantic team semantica@corp.globo.com slides icaromedeiros.com.br slideshare.net/icaromedeiros