Combining wilderness and tourism, is it mission impossible?
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During the WILD10 conference PAN Parks had a session focused on sharing our lessons learned and experiences about how to combine wilderness and tourism. One of our speakers was Max Rossberg who currently helps PAN Parks PR and Marketing work but has a great experience about tourism as UNWTO expert.
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Combining wilderness and tourism, is it mission impossible?
- 1. Tourism in wilderness protected areas Mission impossible? Max A.E. Rossberg, PAN Parks Wilderness
- 2. Archipelago NP © ANP Archives What is PAN Parks? PAN Parks identifies, assists in the designation, supports the management, creates awareness and lobbies to protect Europe ’s wilderness, the continent’s most undisturbed areas of nature. The leading wilderness protection organisation in Europe. The leading wilderness protection organisation in Europe.
- 3. The Tourism industry Fulufjället NP © Orsolya Haaberg
- 4. Archipelago NP © ANP Archives Understanding the tourism industry 1) One billion arrivals 2012 2) 1,8 billion expected by 2030 3) Tourism generates more revenue than most industries 4) Tourism lives of innovation 5) Tourism is controlled by selected few (Oligopoly) 6) Tourism is capital intensive and privately
- 5. Archipelago NP © ANP Archives Travel habits 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) Length of trip worldwide dropped to 10.4 days Length of trip in Austria down to 3,8 days More than 80% ready made all inclusive trips Ecotourism is a small and fragmented market Customer lifestyles are becoming more specialised LOHAS are still marginal – data suggest otherwise
- 6. Tourism in wilderness areas Fulufjället NP © Orsolya Haaberg
- 7. Archipelago NP © ANP Archives Tourism challenges of wilderness areas 1) Protected areas are often in less developed regions 2) Multitude of local interests 3) Often poor local infrastructure 4) Government funding often the only source of capital 5) Few local tourism professionals available
- 8. The saviour? Peneda-Geres NP © PGNP Archives
- 9. Archipelago NP © ANP Archives Why is tourism so interesting Often the only direct source of income (->140 euro/day) Local unemployment could be reduced Public support for wilderness areas is increased Investment in infrastructure could be financed Training of local management will be improved
- 10. Uniqueness of wilderness areas Peneda-Geres NP © PGNP Archives
- 11. Archipelago NP © ANP Archives What can a wilderness area offer? Unique Unique Unique Unique Unique Unique landscapes wilderness experiences flora and fauna wildlife destinations cultural and social traditions
- 12. Archipelago NP © ANP Archives What can a wilderness area NOT offer? Guarantee of wildlife sightings Uncontrolled access Uncontrolled growth opportunity Events specifically for tourists Stop of the natural community processes Tourism specific infrastructure
- 13. Archipelago NP © ANP Archives Responsibility The concept of a more responsible tourism emerged as a reaction to the negative impacts of mass tourism as well as a more holistic approach to the general sustainability discourse to develop environmental, economic and socio-cultural aspects of tourism development.
- 14. Sustainable tourism Peneda-Geres NP © Joao Cosme
- 15. Archipelago NP © ANP Archives Tourism in a wilderness area Can invest in environmental safe infrastructure Can build public support for wilderness areas Can offer employment to locals Can distribute wealth from north to south Can build a sustainable destination Can increase political support for wilderness areas
- 16. Archipelago NP © ANP Archives Murphy & Price in Theobald 2005, p. . 175 Model of sustainable tourism
- 17. Tools to achieve the goal Borjomi-Kharagauli NP © Konstantin Gabrichidze
- 18. Archipelago NP © ANP Archives Many ways to Rome Involve all stakeholders Define long term objectives Define how locals and the wilderness area will benefit Define the planned investments Define the tourist infrastructure to guide tourists Define the carrying capacity limits Set up a contract to be signed by everyone
- 19. Pros and Cons Borjomi-Kharagauli NP © Konstantin Gabrichidze
- 20. Archipelago NP © ANP Archives Economic Impacts Positive Negative Economic growth Foreign Investment Value of real estate Standard of living Infrastructure Local products Inflation Foreign Labour and Investments Speculation Wealthy and poor Neglecting other sectors Loss of ownership
- 21. Archipelago NP © ANP Archives Tourism commercial Impacts Positive Negative Increased destination image improved infrastructure uncontrolled destination image facilities for tourism only – two sided coin
- 22. Archipelago NP © ANP Archives Environmental Impacts Positive Negative Environmental values Environmental awareness Maintenance of biodiversity Preservation of heritage Destruction of habitat and ecosystems Exceeding physical carrying capacity Loss of heritage Architectural pollution Resource conflicts (water) Increase pollution Traffic congestion
- 23. Archipelago NP © ANP Archives Social Impacts Positive Negative Influx of new ideas Cultural exchange Quality of life Increase local identity Local participation Improved living conditions Local knowledge less worth Loss of cultural uniqueness Loss of community values Overcrowding Prostitution/Alcohol Changes in community structure
- 24. Tourism in PAN Parks Peneda-Geres NP © PGNP Archives
- 25. Archipelago NP © ANP Archives Mix of Partners PAN Parks has certified 16 tour operators and more than 100 local business partners. All of them must meet a certain set of criteria. In addition PAN Parks has just launched a new Website www.wilderness-travel.org to promote tourism in protected areas.
- 26. Archipelago NP © ANP Archives Quality standard for local business • • • • • Quality Standard is defined as a part of overall PAN Parks Quality Standard that includes the principles Wilderness Value, Management Effectiveness, Visitor Management, Sustainable tourism development strategy, Local business partner. Each principle is divided to the set of Criterions and each Criterion to the set of Indicators independent quality assessment / verification) and mandatory training Quality Standard for local business partners focus on environmental, socioeconomic, communication and partnership aspects The aim is to show how well managed wilderness protected area/s provides a benefits to the local economy
- 27. Archipelago NP © ANP Archives Quality standard for tour operators • • • International tour operators (usually small or medium size) are European well known tour operators, well known for their sensitive, environmentally friendly operation These partners have an interest and commitment to introduce to their client a wilderness experience but simultaneously respect environmental, social-economical and ethical standards defined above. Manadatory training
- 28. The tourism industry Soomaa NP © Arne Ader
- 29. Archipelago NP © ANP Archives Tourism principles Tourism is an extraction oriented business It is not sustainable It is often the only source of a regions incoming capital besides government subsidies It is based on growth It is cost sensitive and profit oriented It is a highly professional international business
- 30. Summary Polistovsky NR © Polistovsky Nature Reserve archive
- 31. Archipelago NP © ANP Archives Tourism can but not always helps PAs Tourism needs to be managed Tourism must meet a set of sustainability criteria Tourism must be aware of the limitations of a PA Tourism is best locally owned and operated Tourism strategy must involve community stakeholders Tourism should not be the only source of income
- 32. PAN Parks works to identify, assists in the designation, supports the managment, creates awareness and lobbyies to protect Europe’s wilderness, the continent’s most undisturbed areas of nature. www.panparks.org
Editor's Notes
- Audience: blowing up 100 ballons 99 ballons smashed! 1 with the panparks logo remains intact in my hand
- Not because they are so good, because they are so few and so needed!The understanding of wilderness must be increased as many ways as possible in Europe!
- Audience: blowing up 100 ballons 99 ballons smashed! 1 with the panparks logo remains intact in my hand
- Audience: blowing up 100 ballons 99 ballons smashed! 1 with the panparks logo remains intact in my hand
- Not because they are so good, because they are so few and so needed!The understanding of wilderness must be increased as many ways as possible in Europe!
- Audience: blowing up 100 ballons 99 ballons smashed! 1 with the panparks logo remains intact in my hand
- We covered 600,000 hectares with artificial surfaces in 6 years! The annual growth was 1,5%!
- Audience: blowing up 100 ballons 99 ballons smashed! 1 with the panparks logo remains intact in my hand
- We covered 600,000 hectares with artificial surfaces in 6 years! The annual growth was 1,5%!
- Audience: blowing up 100 ballons 99 ballons smashed! 1 with the panparks logo remains intact in my hand
- Audience: blowing up 100 ballons 99 ballons smashed! 1 with the panparks logo remains intact in my hand
- Audience: blowing up 100 ballons 99 ballons smashed! 1 with the panparks logo remains intact in my hand
- Wilderness is essential to halt biodiversity loss
- Audience: blowing up 100 ballons 99 ballons smashed! 1 with the panparks logo remains intact in my hand
- Audience: blowing up 100 ballons 99 ballons smashed! 1 with the panparks logo remains intact in my hand
- Reference to Payments for Ecosystem Services,but highlighting the need for non-use values
- Audience: blowing up 100 ballons 99 ballons smashed! 1 with the panparks logo remains intact in my hand
- Reference to Payments for Ecosystem Services,but highlighting the need for non-use values
- Audience: blowing up 100 ballons 99 ballons smashed! 1 with the panparks logo remains intact in my hand
- Audience: blowing up 100 ballons 99 ballons smashed! 1 with the panparks logo remains intact in my hand
- Audience: blowing up 100 ballons 99 ballons smashed! 1 with the panparks logo remains intact in my hand
- Audience: blowing up 100 ballons 99 ballons smashed! 1 with the panparks logo remains intact in my hand
- We covered 600,000 hectares with artificial surfaces in 6 years! The annual growth was 1,5%!
- Audience: blowing up 100 ballons 99 ballons smashed! 1 with the panparks logo remains intact in my hand
- Audience: blowing up 100 ballons 99 ballons smashed! 1 with the panparks logo remains intact in my hand
- Audience: blowing up 100 ballons 99 ballons smashed! 1 with the panparks logo remains intact in my hand
- Audience: blowing up 100 ballons 99 ballons smashed! 1 with the panparks logo remains intact in my hand
- Rewilding is fine and we welcome it, but only relevant to wilderness protection if it eventually leads to creating more wilderness Another opportunity is people moving into cities
- Audience: blowing up 100 ballons 99 ballons smashed! 1 with the panparks logo remains intact in my hand