A study on urban stream which brings impact to the city.

1. URBAN STREAM
STUDY REPORT
T H E F O R G O T T E N R I V E R
Assignment 2 - Presentation
KIM ZHAO WEI
LAI CHUEN KET

2. Table of Contents
1. Introduction
a) Defining What is Urban Stream
b) Scope of Study
c) Aim of Study
d) Objectives of Study
2. Revitalization
a) What is it about?
b) Changes, does it matter?
3. Case Studies – The Tangible & Intangible, Critical Study about The Water Body
a) Klang River, Malaysia
b) Cheonggyecheon Stream, South Korea
4. Conclusion
5. References

3. Urban stream is once a natural waterways which flow through a heavy
populated area such as a city or a housing area. The urban stream
often polluted by urban runoff and sewer outflow.
Rapid Development changed the characters of an urban stream with
modern materials use as lining stream bed to counter river bank erosion
and also alter the flow of the stream to counter flooding within the area
(Information and Advisory Note Number 21 , 1996).
Able to become place for recreation park of sports and social cohesion
purpose. It is also a places for mental well being such as nature
elements able to help people in stress relief.
Due the fast growing city causes the stream conceal or buried
underground and these stream used as a buried sewer-like pipes (Brian
Clark Howard).
In the end, there are city taking steps to make use of the stream by
revitalize it for better urban living.
What is urban stream?

4. Scope of Study
The scope of the study shall cover understanding on how an urban stream affect an
urban development. Although the study has find out some preliminary findings, but
there are several limitation that constraint during the research.
The main limitation are express as follows:
1. Study area only cover the urban stream most influential region.
2. The expected outcome for an urban stream revitalization program may be
different when it finish.

5. Aim of Study
To study
REVITALIZATION
of
URBAN STREAM
In the context of urban development

6. Study Questions
What is the history background and relationship between the urban city and the stream?
What benefits do we get from the revitalization of urban stream?
What challenges did they face to pull out the revitalization?

7. Objectives of Study
To understand the morphology of the revitalization of urban stream.
To study about the issues that existed in terms of the urban context that
drive the revitalization of urban stream.
To research on the strategies that had been carried out or suggested to
resolve the issues faced in the urban context.

8. Urban Revitalization

9. Urban Design Key Aspects

11. Cheonggyecheon Stream
Seoul, South Korea

12. Introduction – Background History
Transition Era
Pre-war - Post war - 21st Century

13. Introduction – Background History
Key Points of
Seoul Urban Development Project:
- Preserve or restore
- Solve the flooding problem
- Increasing traffic with serious congestion
- Merchants’ business deteriorate
- 150m of upstream development
- Completed on 1st October 2005
- Cheonggyecheon was biggest commercial area

14. Introduction – Background History
Urban – 2000USD to 18000USD
Rural – 2000USD to 10000USD

15. Issues & Strategies
Rapid Urbanization
1953 – GDP (67USD per capita)
2013 – GDP (25,977USD per capita)
Malaysia’s GDP in 2013 – (10,538USD per capita)
387% in 60 years

16. Issues & Strategies
Traffic Congestion

17. Issues & Strategies
Safety Issues of Infrastructure
Highway structure condition deteriorate due to poor maintenance and high cost in effort to maintain.
Only small cars are allowed since 1997.
Maintenance cost 50M USD per annum (1994-99)
Source: SMG

18. Issues & Strategies
Declining Old CBD
Population reduced by 10,000
Employment reduced by 80,000 within 10 years
Gangnam as new CBD
Lost Competitiveness

19. Issues & Strategies
How to solve the problems (Issues)?
Restoration project for Cheonggyecheon Stream (July 2002)
With intentionof
• Paradigm shift of urban management
• Development to high quality of life
• Environment friendly city
• Fundamental solution to safety problem
• Recovery of history and culture
• Revitalization of downtown area
• Balanced regional development

20. Issues & Strategies
How it is being done?

21. Issues & Strategies
Considerations
1. Bridge Design – minimize flow resistance, landmark
2. Sewer system – combined rainfall and wastewater, capacity over 3 times of
estimated
3. River Design – Satisfy local river standard (2nd Grade), 200 yrs frequency rainfall
(118mm/hr)
4. Landscape Design – urban to natural, ecology biotop
5. Historical relic restoration – 600 yrs old bridge, etc.

22. Challenges
Transportation & Vehicles
• Urban backbone corridor with
170,000 vehicles per day
• Improve traffic system (new road)
• Improve public transport
(subway,bus)
Merchants
• 200,000 merchants (20yrs)
• Access difficulty
(congestion)
• Business decline (noise &
dust)
• Detailed & thorough
meeting & survey on the
markets
• Minimize inconvenience
(technology & car park
nearby)
Discordance Spatial Patterns of Urban
Revitalization
• Controversy on:
• Prioritizing small plots and low buildings for
preservation
• Prioritizing large plots for public space
• Memories of the past & new aspiration of land use
Flood & Technical
Issues
• Speed up
construction with
hi-tech
• Recycling severed
existing materials
(90% recycled)
• Faced flooding
problem 2004 &
caused huge
damage

23. Outcome and Significance
Summarization of the cultural behavior of the visitors:
In year 2006
81.7% - Recreational
8.5% - Social outing
4.7% - Experiencing ecology
1.1% - Experiencing history and heritage
In year 2008
40.6% - Recreational
21.8% - Social outing
10.5% - Dating
10% - Walking
5.7% - Experiencing ecology
2.2% - Experiencing history and heritage

24. Outcome and Significance
• Properties Value Increase – 30-50% (double the rate around Seoul)
• Business increase 2.3% within 1 year (double of downtown Seoul)
• Employment rate +0.8% VS -2.6% (downtown Seoul)
• 64,000 visitors daily
• 1.9mil USD in foreign visitors earning
• R.O.I – 260mil USD construction >> attracted 1.98bil USD (per annum)
(Kim, Koh & Kwon, 2009)

25. Outcome and Significance
Reduces Urban Heat Island Effect
Source: SMG

26. Outcome and Significance
Increases open spaces and recreational opportunities in the civic centre area
Source: SMG

27. Outcome and Significance
Enhance tourism in the central business district – 10 million local visits
within 3 months
Source: SMG

28. Outcome and Significance
Significant Ecological Improvement
Source: SMG

29. Outcome and Significance
Living Environment Quality Improved
Source: SMG

30. Klang River
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

31. Introduction – Background History
Transition Era
Pre-war - Post war - 21st Century
Klang River

32. Introduction – Background History
Key Points of
Kuala Lumpur Urban Development Project:
- Restore
- Pollution free
- Merchants’ business deteriorate
- 110 kilometers of River Of Life (ROI) project

33. Issues
Pollution
• Milky color and soil erosion from sand washing worsen by
flooding with its river bed become shallower.
• Chase away developments that may benefit from riverside
activities.

34. Issues
Well being
• People from Masjid Jamek able to use the river water as ablution
water.
• To transport and loading unloading fishery to Central Market.
• Become a gathering space and loiter around riverside.
The Star, 2014
• Serious bikers and joggers will applaud the trek from
Sentul to Midvalley, a 10.7km scenic workout.
• Shops and homes understandably now face away from
the waterways, literally putting their backs against Klang
River.
(Economic Transformation Programme)

35. Outcome and Significance
River of Life program started on 2010 is part of the Greater Kuala Lumpur initiative by cleaning 110km
of the Klang River from city center right down to the Straits of Malacca. When completed, there will
be more than 14,000 new homes for 35,000 residents, about one million square meters of
commercial space providing jobs for 27,000 people (The Establishment Post, 2015).

36. Outcome and Significance
Sungai Klang and Sungai Gombak, often described as two of the dirtiest rivers in the country, will be
transformed into iconic waterfronts through the government's plan breathe new life into them, come
2020.

37. To increase economic viability of the area, master planning and beautification
works will be carried out along a 10.7 km stretch along the Klang and Gombak
River corridor with the significant landmarks in the area include
• Dataran Merdeka
• Bangunan Sultan Abdul Samad
• Masjid Jamek
Source : Malaysian Government ETP Programme Chapter 5
Outcome and Significance

38. There will public parks, pedestrian walkways and bicycle lanes built along this stretch, along with the
expected premium shops, restaurants, office buildings, and homes fronting the attractive revitalized
waterway.
Transform the rivers from Class 3 - toxic to touch - into Class 2, or water clean enough for leisure
activities, by 2020. – Aljazeera, 2015
(Performance Management & Delivery Unit (PEMANDU) Associate Director for the NKEA (Greater Kuala Lumpur/Klang Valley)
Krishnavenee Krishnan).
Outcome and Significance

39. Conclusion
Public Gain in Revitalization Economic Gain in Revitalization

40. References
1. Kang, C, and Cervero, R, 2009. From Elevated Freeway to Urban Greenway: Land Value Impacts of the CGC Project in Seoul, Korea. Urban Studies, Korea.
2. Noh, S., 2006. Cheonggycheon Restroation in Seoul, Presentation at Minato Water Meeting, Tokyo, Japan.
3. Shin, J. and Le, I., November 2006. Cheong Gye Cheon restoration in Seoul, Korea, Civil Engineering 159 pages 162-170 Paper 14775.
4. Lee I.K., Cheong Gye Cheon RestorationProject – a revoltion in Seoul. Seoul Metropolitan Government, Korea.
5. S.K.Lee, H.You and H.R.Kwon, 2015. Knowledge Sharing Forum on Development Experiences: Comparative Experiences of Korea and Latin America and the
Carribean. Korea Research Institute for Human Settlements, Korea.
6. OECD. 2012. OECD Urban Policy Reviews Korea 2012. OECD Publishing.
7. MLTM. 2012. New Town Construction in the Capital Region Progress Status. Seoul, South Korea: Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs of the Republic
of Korea.
8. Llewelyn Davies Yang, Urban Design Compendium, Home and Communities Agency.