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Everything old is new again

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Everything old is new again

  1. everything old is new again designing for the future http://www.flickr.com/photos/ssoosay/4128397609/
  2. “...it takes on average 20 years for a technology to make the transition from first articulation to maturity (defined as becoming a $1billion industry)…the mouse, for example, took 30 years. “ – Bill Buxton, Principle researcher Microsoft Patent 3522664 November 1967
  3. take for example the humble fax machine... (a technology that may finally have outlived its usefulness) http://www.flickr.com/photos/mattjiggins/4009310821/
  4. 1843 Alexander Bain The fax machine was first envisioned and patented in 1843 by Scotsman Alexander Bain... (image shown is of an 1850 iteration) Image source: Wikipedia
  5. 1843 1848 Alexander Bain Frederick Bakewell ...then improved on (and patented once again) in 1848 by Frederick Bakewell. Image source: Wikipedia
  6. 1843 1848 1861 Alexander Bain Frederick Bakewell Giovanni Castelli Then improved on once again 13 years later, this time by Giovanni Castelli, an Italian priest... Castelli’s pantelegraph Pantelegraph image courtesy ITIS Gallileo
  7. 1843 1848 1861 1865 Alexander Bain first fax service Frederick Bakewell Giovanni Castelli Then in 1865, Castelli went on to establish the first Paris public fax service... (the service worked over telegraph lines and ran between Paris and Lyon) Lyon
  8. 1843 1848 1861 1865 1876 Alexander Bain first fax service Frederick Bakewell Giovanni Castelli ...this was still 11 years before the invention of the telephone... (this isn’t unusual—we don’t always know the true value of a technology until a related one comes along) Photo of Bell usin g t h e t e le phone in N e w Yo r k. Image source: Wikipedia
  9. 1843 1848 1861 1865 1876 telephone Alexander Bain patent: first fax service Alexander Frederick Bakewell Graham Bell Innocenzo Giovanni Castelli Manzetti Thomas Six people were known to have been working on Edison “voice transmission over a wire” around the J. P. Reis time that Bell was ultimately successful in Elisha Gray obtaining the first patent. Antonio Meucci Alexander Thomas Innocenzo Johann Elisha Antonio Graham Bell Edison Manzetti Phillip Reis Gray Meucci Image source: Wikipedia - History of the telephone
  10. 1843 1848 1861 1865 1876 1877 telephone Alexander Bain patent: first fax service Alexander Frederick Bakewell Graham Bell Innocenzo Giovanni Castelli Manzetti Thomas telephone Shortly thereafter, a Hungarian engineer by the Edison exchange: Tivadar Puskás name of Tivadar Puskás invented the telephone J. P. Reis switchboard—which allowed for the formation of Elisha Gray telephone exchanges (and eventually networks). Antonio Meucci Alexander Thomas Innocenzo Johann Elisha Antonio Tivadar Graham Bell Edison Manzetti Phillip Reis Gray Meucci Puskás Image source: Wikipedia - History of the telephone
  11. almost immediately—we began dreaming up ways to move phones around http://www.flickr.com/photos/qwrrty/3989643653
  12. an example from the early 1920s A wireless phone prototype for the well- to-do lady on the town... Watch the video Courtesy Pathé Films Archive on YouTube
  13. ...of course it’s a bit bulky, so the lady may need a gentleman to carry it... Watch the video Courtesy Pathé Films Archive on YouTube
  14. telephone box wire coiled around a fire hydrant “The two ladies are using a small simple HF radio, probably a ‘Cat’s Whisker’ type. For it to work it needs to be earthed, which is why it’s connected to the fire hydrant...” Watch the video Courtesy Pathé Films Archive on YouTube
  15. handheld mouthpiece “The antenna (or aerial) is the wire in the umbrella...” - Explanation courtesy of Simon Atkins, an Ex-Royal Signals officer Watch the video Courtesy Pathé Films Archive on YouTube
  16. the simplest solution was of course to distribute the phones throughout our environment (a solution that remained useful for more than 100 years!) Public phone booth: Lancaster county Pennsylvania
  17. in a pinch, you could also build a portable booth a mobile phone center for reporters in 1960s Chicago Copyright: Popular Science - via modernmechanix.com
  18. Finally, after twenty years of experimentation (and the invention of microprocessors) we ended up with this.... 1983: the $3,995 DynaTAC the first mobile telephone that could connect to the telephone network without the assistance of a mobile operator
  19. ...which was released about the same time as this. 1984: the Apple Macintosh the first commercially successful personal computer to feature a mouse and a graphical user interface
  20. ...the following ten years were pretty much devoted to finding ways to combine these two concepts.... +
  21. ...until in 1993, IBM and Bell South released the world’s first smartphone: the Simon Personal Communicator... ooh, rounded corners…
  22. Simon was not just the first device to combine a portable computer with a phone...it also incorporated many concepts that are now standard on mobile devices... clock touchscreen calendar virtual keyboard address book electronic sketchpad email handwriting recognition text messaging predictive text input
  23. Simon’s creators also envisioned the concept of apps to personalise and extend the device’s capabilities + Accounting Music Player Camera Version 1.0 Version 1.1 Version 1.0 cartridges designed to fit Simon’s PCMCIA slot Artist’s rendering based on photos from “Before iPhone and Android came Simon”
  24. Simon retailed for $899 and sold about 50,000 units until it was discontinued due to a combination of “...technical limitations, product delays, a world-class corporate meltdown, revolving-door management, and bad business decisions...” Source: “Before iPhone and Android came Simon”
  25. Simon’s apps were designed to be installed directly onto the device...yet around that time scientists at Xerox PARC were experimenting with a slightly different approach... Courtesy Xerox PARC press archive
  26. “ The most profound technologies are those that disappear. They weave themselves into the fabric of everyday life until they are indistinguishable from it…. - Mark Weiser (1991) http://www.flickr.com/photos/armaggeusa/3176297283
  27. To further explore Weiser’s predictions of the implications of ubiquitous computing, PARC developed an office based context-aware networked computing environment, and a device they called the PARC TAB. Courtesy Xerox PARC press archive
  28. The TAB was designed to be carried or worn at all times. It's size, weight, and features were specifically intended to promote casual, spur of the moment, computing. Name: Marge Eldridge Office: [ ] Ext: 518 Manager: chorded keys enabling basic Manages: 25/1/94 14:39 @ [ 461770] one-handed navigation “ 14:41 @ ” 14:41 511 462983 “ 14:42 @ ” 14:45 touch screen + stylus
  29. This level of portability (unheard of in 1993) was made possible by several key design decisions. constantly connected to other Tabs and computers through a series of infrared communication hubs tiny processor = TAB applications smaller, cheaper & run on a user’s (far more lightweight more capable) (terminal-style) added benefit: desktop system device contextual awareness (e.g. location, interactions with other devices, data and applications accessed) (apparently, researchers at Euro PARC were Mac based and developed ways to use and prototype Tab applications on a Mac)
  30. This environment also enabled experiments in “intimate computing”. One of these was a context- aware application prototype called “Forget-me-not”. Name: Marge Eldridge Office: [ ] Ext: 518 Manager: The app was designed to Manages: 25/1/94 14:39 @ [ 461770] serve as an “external “ 14:41 @ ” 14:41 511 462983 memory prosthetic”, “ 14:42 @ automatically gathering data ” 14:45 (from the TAB or other devices operating on the network). This data could be used by participants to easily Manages: track and recall important 25/1/94 14:39 @ [ 461770] aspects of their lives. “ 14:41 @ phone date time person 1 call number person 2 dialled Forget me not: Intimate computing in support of human memory
  31. 1983 1984 1992 1993 today today Motorola IBM DynaTAC Simon PARC TAB Apple Macintosh ....the iPhone, Facebook and cloud computing were still close to 20 years away...
  32. when working with technology it’s easy to believe that if something is cool, useful or in some way “superior” it will inevitably thrive http://www.flickr.com/photos/remedios/66912941
  33. “ ...you’ll never hear someone spontaneously express a wish for a ubiquitous house or city. There are days, in fact, when it can seem to me that the entire endeavor has arisen out of some combination of the technically feasible and that which is of interest to people working in HCI. - Adam Greenfield, Everyware http://www.flickr.com/photos/dodoorg/5023608260
  34. ...no matter how cool it may be...many technologies, ecosystems and conditions must align before an invention enters the lives of “normal people”. 1937 1962 1971 2012 40 years of innovation including the growth of “The Electrocular” the microprocessor, the Internet, the web, something network data protocols, display technologies.... normal people will use :-) Google’s Project Glass use of reflector sights in Virtual reality goggles cockpits during World War II Dr. Ivan Sutherland University of Utah
  35. It’s worth remembering as well that “normal people” don’t actually have to use a technology for it to impact their lives... 1937 1960 1962 1971 2012 40 years of innovation including the growth of Gilbert “The Electrocular” the microprocessor, the Internet, the web, something Klopfstein, a network data protocols, display technologies.... normal people French test-pilot will use :-) creates first HUD system for use in Google’s commercial Project Glass aviation use of reflector sights in Virtual reality goggles cockpits during World War II Dr. Ivan Sutherland University of Utah
  36. ...the most useful and widely deployed implementations may also turn out to be relatively mundane... 1937 1960 1962 1971 1988 2012 Gilbert “The Electrocular” BMW implements the something Klopfstein, a first HUD-integrated normal people French test-pilot telematics will use :-) creates first HUD system for use in Google’s commercial Project Glass aviation use of reflector sights in Virtual reality goggles cockpits during World War II Dr. Ivan Sutherland (modern day version shown) University of Utah
  37. “Technological revolutions have several interesting properties. First, we tend to overestimate the immediate impact and underestimate the long-term impact. Second, we tend to place the emphasis on the technologies themselves, when it is really the social impact and cultural change that will be most dramatic.” – Don Norman, Drop everything you’re doing http://www.flickr.com/photos/jordanfischer/61429449
  38. learning how to use a new technology is one thing... http://www.flickr.com/photos/jcfrog/4692750598
  39. making space for it in our lives is another http://www.flickr.com/photos/krossbow/4509414056
  40. even when the value proposition should appear obvious Bell telephone advertisement in National Geographic, 1958 - via Modernmechanix
  41. this not only makes it tricky to market new products... it can also prevent those who design and develop them from imagining something completely new...
  42. From futurists to product designers...we can’t help but insert bits of the present into our dreams of the future... telecommunication in the year 2000 ...as imagined in 1910 Utopia: The Quest for the Ideal Society in the Western World
  43. ...and re-imagined in 1956 Scientific American, 1956 - via Modernmechanix
  44. Home of the Future: as imagined by Disney Imagineering, MIT and Monsanto in 1957
  45. The home of the future looks futuristic and is entirely made of plastic! -1957- Watch the video on YouTube
  46. ...the interior however is designed to feel familiar, with a “normal” looking piano and dining room... -1957- Watch the video on YouTube
  47. The recurring selling point however is plastic. There are plastic countertops, (motorised) plastics shelves and a “luxurious” set of plastic cups, plates and dishes. (Monsanto’s involvement obviously had something to do with this, but plastic was also the modern substance of the day). -1957- Watch the video on YouTube
  48. In the bedroom “the lady of the house” has her own private plastic boudoir. On the counter is a speaker phone, complete with ultra modern push buttons instead of a rotary dial. (Note how lovingly the wife stares at the phone while speaking to her husband. On the one hand it’s charming that multitasking as you speak wasn't yet socially acceptable but it also kind of -1957- sad that 50 years later, we still spend a lot of time staring at our phones.) Watch the video on YouTube
  49. The man of the house has the pleasure of shaving in his ultra modern bathroom—fashioned out of one giant piece of pre- moulded plastic. There’s also a “built-in” razor. (The razor is corded and hardwired to the wall :-) -1957- Watch the video on YouTube
  50. The future of shopping: as imagined in 1969
  51. The lady of the house browses a selection of tempting offers via video display. -1969- Watch the video on YouTube
  52. Push-buttons and dials are used to control what appears on the display... -1969- Watch the video on YouTube
  53. She then uses another device to key in her choice of purchase. (It was hard to imagine at that point that devices might just “talk” to each other). -1969- Watch the video on YouTube
  54. (To prevent social embarrassment...) the husband receives an itemised list of his wife’s purchases. -1969- Watch the video on YouTube
  55. ...which he carefully inspects... -1969- Watch the video on YouTube
  56. ...he then prints a copy of the order and uses a touch screen and stylus to sign in approval. -1969- Watch the video on YouTube
  57. but mixing old and new isn’t all bad...
  58. sometimes it may be exactly what we need http://www.flickr.com/photos/davilla/3363343340
  59. The “old” brings with it familiar metaphors... http://www.flickr.com/photos/mujitra/6778948371
  60. ...and provides a common conceptual framework. familiar gesture says “I get how to use this...”
  61. ...transforming something alien into something that feels magical, yet familiar enough that you can see yourself using it. so many wires...run away! almost like shopping at Nike :-) Courtesy Makerbot Industries Blog and on Flickr
  62. “Successful products are precisely those that don’t attempt to move user experiences significantly, even if the underlying technology has radically shifted. In fact the whole point of user experience design is to manufacture the necessary normalcy for a product to succeed...” - Greg Borenstein http://www.flickr.com/photos/ducdigital/2892313560
  63. with nothing familiar to hold on to it’s maybe not surprising that some ideas never quite make it http://www.flickr.com/photos/jurvetson/302869583
  64. but metaphor and familiarity only go so far...
  65. Golly gee...with a contraption like this, my wife could spend the whole day shopping! Good thing I still have to approve all those purchases! many new technologies require features to (implicitly) alleviate social angst
  66. Source: Wikipedia In 1982 GRiD Systems Corp. released the first clamshell style laptop. The GRiD Compass 1100 cost $8,150, yet that’s not why it failed to catch on...
  67. “It was designed for business executives. And...one of the biggest obstacles, we had for selling the product was the fact—believe it or not—that it had a keyboard. Business people, who were in their 40s and 50s, didn’t have a computer or keyboard in their offices. It was associated with being part of the secretarial pool. And so you'd put this thing in their office and they'd say, "Get that out of here." It was like getting a demotion. They were really uncomfortable with it.” – Jeff Hawkins speaking at the Computer History Museum http://www.flickr.com/photos/ducdigital/2892313560
  68. according to anthropologist Genevieve Bell a technology must have the potential to impact us in three ways to cause social angst... (or as she calls it “moral panic” Women and children first : technology and moral panic
  69. it has to change our relationship to time... http://www.flickr.com/photos/faceme/2882556082
  70. it has to change our relationship to space... http://www.flickr.com/photos/shokai/4678255766
  71. ...and change our relationship to other people http://www.flickr.com/photos/misbehave/2352753067
  72. ...changes in our relationship to time and space don’t come along nearly as often as they used to....
  73. the phonograph suddenly made it possible to hear the voices of the dead... http://www.flickr.com/photos/puuikibeach/7400339252
  74. “...it is really flying, and it is impossible to divest yourself of the notion of instant death...“ – The Railway Journey: The Industrialization of Time and Space in the 19th Century the advent of the railway caused intense fear of death... (above and beyond that caused by horrific accidents) Train wreck at Montparnasse, 1895, Wikipedia http://www.flickr.com/photos/puuikibeach/7400339252
  75. ...it also caused what the Lancet medical journal then termed “nervous fatigue”...
  76. “...even the elementary concepts of space and time have begun to vacillate. Space is killed by the railways, and we are left with time alone.“ – German-Jewish poet Heinrich Heine (1797-1856) http://www.flickr.com/photos/svensson/601272668
  77. shifting time and space may now seem somewhat mundane...
  78. ...but changes in our relationships with people will likely cause angst for many years to come
  79. ...so what can the past teach us about designing for the future?
  80. we often talk about the future as if it will arrive, fully formed on our doorstep one fine morning Public domain: Space colony art from the 1970s
  81. residential smart card entry 4G already old, organically formed overtaking 3G neighbourhoods ...and the stories we tell city-wide wi-fi contactless Octopus smart card but the future is already here... smart grid and the old all jumbled up environmental monitoring with the new... paper map from the hotel http://www.flickr.com/photos/milo_riano/4336541309
  82. the success of the products we design will be defined not merely by the technologies we invent... http://www.flickr.com/photos/preetamrai/5438199316
  83. Rate of acceleration/deceleration of technology adoption by country but by the cultures that choose to welcome them... Research by Intel measures the rate at which technology adoption exceeds (or falls below) expectations for the country’s level of GDP. Rates have been averaged across three technologies: mobile phones, PC’s, and internet users.
  84. which brings us back to the humble fax machine... a technology that now gathers dust in all but one “modern” culture http://www.flickr.com/photos/mattjiggins/4009310821/
  85. ...Japan
  86. culture of handwritten documents warmth & personality instant visibility tech literacy: 1/5 of the population is over 65 use of seals instead of signatures for official transactions in Japan, fax machines still thrive in the home and at work Source: Japan and the fax: a love affair http://www.flickr.com/photos/kankan/55026589
  87. But culture isn’t just about them... (these people we call “users”)
  88. Anthropologist Clifford Geertz once defined culture as “...the stories we tell ourselves about ourselves. “ http://www.flickr.com/photos/leweb3/6498812861/
  89. The more technology surrounds us, the more all of us will play a part in defining these stories... http://www.flickr.com/photos/leweb3/6498812861/
  90. ...the future will not just be defined by the next big invention—it will be also be defined by our ability to dream beyond existing ones. http://www.flickr.com/photos/leweb3/6498812861/
  91. “ ...innovation is not about doing something new out of thin air. It is about forgetting that what you are doing is old. - Dawn Nafus, anthropologist http://www.flickr.com/photos/keepwaddling1/3048726936/
  92. s contact u at hello@yiibu.com Presentation deck available @ http://www.slideshare.net/yiibu many thanks to the amazing photographers on http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 @yiibu thank you http://www.flickr.com/photos/tinou/453593446

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