This document discusses cross-cultural communication between India and Italy. It outlines several aspects of communication to consider, including kinesics (body language), oculesics (eye contact), haptics (touching), proxemics (personal space), chronemics (concept of time), chromatics (color meanings), and olfactics (scents). Specific cultural norms and etiquette for communication in Italy are described, such as the use of gestures, eye contact patterns, the importance of physical touch, views of punctuality, and gift-giving customs. Business card etiquette and forms of address in Italy are also summarized.

1. PRESENTATION ON CROSS
CULTURAL
COMMUNICATION
INDIA & ITALY
PREPARED BY:-
GROUP 2

2. CROSS CULTURAL
COMMUNICATION
• Cross-cultural communication is a field
of study that looks at how people from
differing cultural backgrounds
communicate, in similar and different ways
among themselves , and how they
endeavor to communicate across cultures.

3. • Wherever business takes you, learning the
culture, etiquette and protocol of the host
country is a key step to success.

4. ITALIAN CULTURE
• Italy is no exception. Just as you would
prepare your presentation before a big
meeting, it's important to prepare yourself
by understanding the Italian customs,
protocol and etiquette in a business
setting.

5. CONTD…
• Because Italy is a highly individualistic
society, one that emphasizes family ties
and individual responsibility, Italians
generally prefer doing business with
someone they know or have been
introduced to.
• Try to avoid scheduling meetings in
August as this is a hectic time for
businesses due to their employees taking
time off for the summer holidays.

6. Aspects to be considered in
CCC
• Kinesics
• Occulesics
• Haptics
• Proxemics
• Chronemics
• Chromatics
• Olefactics
• Gifts

7. Contd…..
• Cross cultural negotiations
• Forms of Address
• Visiting cards
• Etiquettes

8. KINESICS
• Kinesics is the interpretation of body
language such as facial
expressions and gestures — or, more
formally, non-verbal behavior related to
movement, either of any part of the body
or the body as a whole.

9. Kinesics in Italian Culture
• Long handshakes.
• In greeting, warm hugs and kisses are
common.
• Italians use body language and hand
gestures to punctuate an expression and
give it a shading that the word or phrase
itself lacks.

10. • The Italian hand gestures illustrated here
are some of the more common gestures
that are recognized in the country.
• Andiamo a dormire.
English translation: Let's go to sleep.

11. • C'è da fare o no?...
• Yes or no?
• Mi dà un
passaggio?
• Can you give me a
ride?

12. OCCULESICS
• Oculesics is the way eyes are used during
a communication exchange.
• This may include eye contact or the
avoidance of eye contact, but it may also
include all other eye movements, such as
looking onto other body parts of the other
person.
• Occulesic movements are also frequently
associated to kinesic movements.

13. OCCULESICS IN ITALIAN
CULTURE
• Eye contact and the amount and length of
eye contact may be confusing.
• For example, many United States women
feel insulted and embarrassed at being
looked at for, in their
view, a prolonged period by Italian and
French men. Conversely, Italian and
French females may perceive United
States men as cold because of their
relatively short eye contact with females.

14. HAPTICS
• The means by which people and other animals
communicate via touching.
• Some cultures place great emphasis on
physical contact between people during a
conversation, while people from societies in
which touching is limited may feel
uncomfortable.

15. • Countries can be classified into 3 categories
on basis of touching:
Don’t Touch Middle Ground Touch
Japan India Italy
USA Ireland Middle East
Canada China Spain
England France Portugal
• Handshakes are common for both sexes, and
may include grasping the arm with the other
hand.

16. PROXEMICS
• Proxemics or distance.
• Intimate distance is when the persons
move or stand closely, touching each
other.
• Personal distance is one or two feet, social
distance is three to eight feet and the
public distance is about ten feet.

17. CHRONEMICS
• Study of the use of time
nonverbal communication.
• The way we perceive time, structure our
time and react to time is a powerful
communication tool.
• Time perceptions include punctuality,
willingness to wait, and interactions

18. CHRONEMICS IN ITALIAN
CULTURE
• "Time is money" is not a common phrase
in Italy.
• Foreign businessmen/women should be
punctual for business appointments,
although the Italian executive may not be.

19. CHROMATICS
• The color choices are varied in various
countries depending on the local
sentiments.
• In Italy Purple Color is not used as it is
considered unlucky.

20. OLFACTICS
• Sense and use of smell—different cultures
like different smells and use smell
differently (for example, some cultures try
to cover up all bodily smells and some
cultures feel they are natural and should
not be covered up.)
• Italians prefer mild smell as compared to
middle east countries which prefer strong
smell.

21. GIFTS
• Do not give chrysanthemums as they are
used at funerals.
• Do not give red flowers as they indicate
secrecy.
• Do not give yellow flowers as they indicate
jealousy
• If you bring wine, make sure it is a good
vintage. Quality, rather than quantity, is
important.

22. • Do not wrap gifts in black, as is
traditionally a mourning colour.
• Do not wrap gifts in purple, as it is a
symbol of bad luck.
• Gifts are usually opened when received.

23. CROSS CULTURAL
NEGOTIATIONS
• Cross cultural negotiation is one of many
specialized areas within the wider field of
cross cultural communications. By taking
cross cultural negotiation training,
negotiators and sales personnel give
themselves an advantage over
competitors.
• The Italians are voluble or very eloquent in
their conversation whereas the Europeans
are very reserved and talk less.

24. FORMS OF ADDRESS
• When introducing a group of people
yourself, it is proper etiquette to introduce
the most senior members of the group
first, followed by the women, and then any
other members present.

25. FORMS OF ADDRESS IN
ITALIAN CULTURE
• Forms of address are Signore (Mr) and
Signora (Mrs) followed by the family
name.
• You should only address someone by their
first name if this is how they have
introduced themselves, otherwise it could
be seen as too informal and disrespectful.

26. VISITING CARDS
• Generally the visiting cards or the
business cards are printed on the both the
sides.
• On one side the information is printed in
the local language and on the other side it
is in English.

27. VISITING CARDS IN ITALIAN
CULTURE
• Do not exchange business cards at social
occasions; but it is the norm at business
functions and meetings.
• Italians often have two different business
cards, one with business credentials for
formal relationships, and another with
personal information for less formal
relationships.
• Italian cards are often plain white with
black print.

28. ETIQUETTE
• Etiquette is a code of behavior that
influences expectations for social behavior
according to contemporary conventional
norms within a society, social class, or
group. Etiquettes differ from country to
country and region to region so one should
be very careful in understanding them
before interacting with the people of the
respective cultures.

29. DINNING ETIQUETTE
• In Italian, etiquette is generally called
galateo.
• If an invitation says the dress is informal,
wear stylish clothes that are still rather
formal, i.e. jacket and tie for men and an
elegant dress for women.
• Punctuality is not mandatory. You may
arrive between 15 minutes late if invited to
dinner and up to 30 minutes late if invited
to a party.

30. CONTD….
• If you are invited to a meal, bring gift-
wrapped such as wine or chocolates.
• If you are invited for dinner and want to
send flowers, have them delivered that
day.