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Asynchronous Module Definition (AMD)
- 1. Asynchronous Module Definition (AMD)The missing client-side JavaScript module system.
- 2. about meMartin Stadler| Frontend engineer / JavaScript developer @ excentos| Web developer since 2004 (HTML/CSS, PHP, Python, Drupal, Plone, jQuery, …)| Developing modular single-page apps since 01/2010| Email: martin@siarp.de| Twitter: @xMartin
- 3. excentos – what we doProduct Advisors| Web apps to find the right product for you| Goal: to perform like a human sales expert| Single-page JavaScript, Dojo Toolkit
- 4. OverviewAsynchronous Module Definition (AMD)| Motivation| Modules| Loading| Optimization| Conclusion| Questions/Discussion
- 5. Motivation| Pages turn into apps ● More code ● More complex ● Serious development, not just a few lines of script| Design principles ● Separate into reusable components ● Avoid global namespace pollution
- 6. What is a Module?Manual dependency resolution <head> <script src="myLib.js"></script> <script src="myLibPlugin.js"></script> <script src="mySpaghettiCode.js"></script> </head>
- 7. What is a Module?JavaScript module pattern var mymodule = (function() { var a = x, doSth = function(){...}; return { getA: function() { return doSth(a); } }; })();Where does it live?| Global? At least reusable.| Closure? Closure of what?
- 8. What is a Module?| module = resource| declares dependenciesPythonmymodule.py app.py $ python app.py def printSth(): import mymodule sth print sth mymodule.printSth()NodeJSmymodule.js app.js $ node app.js exports.printSth = var mymodule = sth function() { require(./mymodule); console.log(sth); }; mymodule.printSth();
- 9. What is a Module?AMDmymodule.js app.js index.htmldefine(function() { define([ <script "mymodule" src="loader.js"></script>return { ], function(myMod) { <script> printSth: function() { require( alert("sth"); myMod.printSth(); ["app"],}; function(app) { }); // if app returned}); // something, wed use // it here... }); </script>
- 10. AMD| Asynchronous ● Dont block browser ● Parallel download and interpretation ● Callbacks everywhere...| Loaded via script tag injection (not XHR + eval) ● Debugging ● X-Domain
- 11. Loader Pluginsdefine([ "../Widget", "text!./tpl.html"], function(Widget, tpl) {return new Widget({name: "mainApp", template: tpl})});| text! ● Load via XHR ● E.g. templates for widgets, data
- 12. Load non-modulesrequire([ "dir/foo.js", "http://host/script.js"], function(/*no return value*/) {// script.js has been loaded.});
- 13. Optimize!But arent that too many HTTP requests?| Loading is very efficient ● Great for development ● Useful for a few or external resources| For production you need to make a build ● One big file or multiple layers ● Command line tools to resolve dependencies at build time (not run time) ● Inline text resources like template files ● Optimize (e.g. Closure Compiler)
- 14. AMD| Predecessors: ● Dojo: dojo.require("some.module") (resp. goog.require) ● LABjs: $LAB.script("some/module.js") ● CommonJS: require("some/module")| Current support ● jQuery 1.7 ● Dojo 1.7 ● MooTools 2.0 ● EmbedJS ● Backbone/underscore will
- 15. Tools| RequireJS ● Loader ● Optimizer (r.js)| curl.js| ...| Dojo 1.7 provides own AMD loader and build tool.
- 16. Resources| requirejs.org ● Great docs about AMD in general, too| github.com/amdjs ● Official spec in the wiki| Google group amd-implement| commonjs.org ● General information but not home of AMD any more
- 17. Conclusion| Should I use it?| How mature?| Will it stay?
- 18. danke!Martin Stadler | Email: martin@siarp.de | Twitter: @xMartinexcentos GmbHwww.excentos.com
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