Foucault and the culture of self
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Popper v. Kuhn
- 1. ParadigMs! thOmas kuHn 1922 – 1996 faLsifiCation! karL poPper 1902 – 1994 vS
- 2. PhySiCist BecAme IntErEstEd in HisTory and PhiLoSopHy of SciEnce ThoMas S. Kuhn (1922 – 1996) it’s TouGh With EinStein AroUnD. the StrUcTure of SciEnTifIc RevOlUtiOns (1962) AddEd a PosTsCriPt in the 2nd EdiTion(1969)
- 3. NoRmAl ScIeNcE ReVoLuTiOnArY ScIeNcE
- 4. NoRmAl ScIeNcE ShaRed InsTrUmeNts and TecHnIquEs ShaRed MetApHysIcs ShaRed ValUes ShaRed TheOrEtiCal BelIefs ExeMpLars ExeMpLars ExeMpLars ExeMpLars
- 5. NoRmAl ScIeNcE ShaRed InsTrUmeNts and TecHnIquEs ShaRed MetApHysIcs ShaRed ValUes ShaRed TheOrEtiCal BelIefs ExeMpLars ExeMpLars ExeMpLars ExeMpLars TheSe Form a DisCiPliNary MatRiX, or ParAdigm*. and Just to ConFuse you, i SomEtImes Call the ExeMpLars of Good SciEnce ParAdIgmstoo. ComMiTmeNt to the DisCiPliNary MatRix is a pre- ReqUiSite for SucCeSsfUl NorMal SciEnce. TheRe is TheReFore a TenSion BetWeen the DesIre for InnOvAtiOn and the Need to “ThiNk WitHin the box”.
- 6. NoRmAl ScIeNcE ShaRed InsTrUmeNts and TecHnIquEs ShaRed MetApHysIcs ShaRed ValUes ShaRed TheOrEtiCal BelIefs not TesTed AnoMaLous ResUlts are TolErAted RevOlUtiOns are not SouGht for ExcEpt UndEr ExtReme CirCuMstAnces ExeMpLars ExeMpLars ExeMpLars ExeMpLars
- 7. NoRmAl ScIeNcE Anomaly AnAnoommalayl y Anomaly AnomalAyn omaly Anomaly Anomaly Anomaly AnomaAlnyo maly Anomaly ShaRed InsTrUmeNts and TecHnIquEs ShaRed MetApHysIcs ShaRed ValUes ShaRed TheOrEtiCal BelIefs AAnnoommaallyy ExeMpLars ExeMpLars ExeMpLars ExeMpLars
- 8. CrIsIs! ExeMpLars ExeMpLars ShaRed MetApHysIcs
- 9. A ScIeNtIfIc ReVoLuTiOn Is … not CumUlAtiVe.! not GovErned by RulEs. UltImAteLy SetTled by ComPaRing the PuzZle-SolVing PowEr of the ComPeTing IdeAs. CumUlAtiVe.! GovErned by RulEs of LogIc. UltImAteLy SetTled by ComPaRing the ComPeTing HypOtHesEs’ AbiLity to ResIst AttEmpts to FalSify Them.
- 10. ScIeNtIfIc PrOgReSs the RevOlUtiOnary SeaRch for a RepLaCemEnt ParAdigm is DriVen by the FaiLure of the ExiSting ParAdigm to SolVe CerTain AnoMaLies. the RepLaCemEnt ParAdigm SolVes the MajOrity of ThoSe PuzZles and RetAin Much of the ProBlem-SolVing PowEr of its PreDeCesSoR. HowEver, we CanNot InfEr From the IncRease in ProBlem- SolVing PowEr ProVided by the new ParAdigm That we are now CloSer TotHeTruTh, BecAuse ParAdIgms are IncOmMenSuRabLe* With one AnoTher.
- 11. PrOgReSs * thE sciEnce GuideD by onE ParadIgm iS incOmmenSurabLe witH The sCiencE devElopeD undEr a DiffeRent ParadiGm, in tHat tHere iS No coMmon MeasuRe of the DiffeRent TheoriEs. RevOlUtiOnary SeaRch for a RepLaCemEnt ParAdigm the FaiLure of the ExiSting ParAdigm to SolVe CerTain AnoMaLies. RepLaCemEnt ParAdigm SolVes the MajOrity of and RetAin Much of the ProBlem-SolVing PreDeCesSoR. CanNot InfEr From the IncRease in ProBlem- ProVided by the new ParAdigm That we are CloSer TotHeTruTh, BecAuse ParAdIgms are IncOmMenSuRabLe* With one AnoTher.
- 12. anomaly anomaly anomaly anomaly anomaly anomaly anomaly anomaly
