1.
1
WOCAT-LADA Methods and
Tools
Modules
Biodiversity
Poverty
Light
Watershed
management
CARBON
sequestr.
Climate
Change
Basic

2.
WOCAT modular
Modular structure meets
the needs of different
user groups and keeps
the framework flexible
and open for
supplementary topics/
themes and global
issues
Core element of WOCAT-LADA framework are
questionnaires for evaluating SLM based on expert
knowledge (QT, QA and QM).

3.
LADA local
assessment
(impact)
LADA-Local provides a standard
methodological approach and tool-
kit for the assessment of land
degradation processes, their
causes and impacts at local level
in collaboration with local
stakeholders and communities.
Local Assessment Module

4.
Steps of local assessment
Four field components
1. Characterisation of study area
• Reconnaissance visit
• Focus group discussion
• Transect walk: rapid assessment of
LD & SLM
2. Detailed site assessment of land &
water resources
• Soil properties / soil health
• Soil erosion
• Vegetation and biodiversity
• Water resources
• SLM best practices in area (QT, QA)

5.
LADA Local AssessmentLADA Local Assessment

6.
On-the-spot survey and sampling
3.2. Vegetation surveys 3.3. Water resources survey
Assessment of land & water resources
The land use systems and types and resources being assessed determine
which indicators and tools / measurements are required (e.g. pasture, crop,
forest, surface/ ground water)
3.1 Soil erosion / soil
properties

7.
Steps of local assessment contd
3. Livelihood assessment
• HH livelihood interview, drivers, causes
and impacts
• Discussion with land users / key
informants
4. Analysis of impacts on Ecosystem
Services (DPSIR)

8.
Watershed
Management Module

9.
What is a Watershed
Rain
Ridge
Area
drained
Water
cours
e
Area drained by a common water course
is the watershed

10.
Watershed
Photo: H.P. Liniger
Photo: H.P. Liniger
Disaster Risk Reduction
On- and offsite impacts of LD and SLM!

11.
Integrated use of land, vegetation and water in a
geographically discrete catchment or drainage
area for the benefit of its residents, with the
objective of:
• maintaining the hydrological services
• reducing/avoiding negative downstream
impacts
• reducing/avoiding negative groundwater
impacts
(adapted from The World Bank, 2008)
Watershed Management

12.
Is the process by which the use of land and
other resources in a watershed is planned and
regulated to optimise productivity and socio-
cultural benefits as well as sustaining the
resource base and ecological functions or
services.
 Production and protection
Watershed Management
Baqa Kushta in 2008 Baqa Kushta in 2010
HelvetasHelvetasHelvetasHelvetas

13.
16
Show spatial arrangement of the
different measures/ technologies
(where in the system, topo-
sequence) and their interrelationship
Evaluate impact and outcomes of
these techniques holistically (as a
system)
Watershed
management
module
the QW is closely linked to the QT
Watershed management module (QW)

14.
Link to QT

15.
QW - Contents
Part 1: General information
1.1 Contributing watershed management specialist
1.2 Brief identification of watershed
1.3 Watershed information
1.4 Description of the watershed
1.5 Land use
Part 2: Watershed characteristics and its
management
2.1 Overview
2.2 Watershed’s natural environment
2.3 Human environment and impacts
2.4 Integrated watershed management

16.
QW- Contents cont’d
Part 3: Analysis of watershed management
3.1 Impacts: benefits and disadvantages
3.2 Institutional and policy aspects
3.2 Concluding statement
Annex:
• Available documentation
• Evaluation of the questionnaire
• Additional information
• Land degradation types and it
causes
• Land conservation measures

17.
20
1.4.1 Provide a transect technical drawing of the
watershed showing minimum two to maximum four
subsections (physiographic, functional)
Divide watershed into 2-4 sections along a transect Map.
Need to define/ place these sections within a watershed
Description of the watershed (1.4)

18.
Micro watershed:
Durlung watershed
(Nepal)
10-100 km2
• Section 1: High hills
steep slope with less biodiversity and less population density. The altitude is
as much as 3020 masl. Slope normally greater than 70°, dry lands with rocky
mountainous hills.
• Section 2: Low hills
less steep with diverse farming and settlements

19.
22
Small scale watershed:Small scale watershed:
Oued Hallouf (QW TUN 001)Oued Hallouf (QW TUN 001)
10-100 km2
Section 1: Mountain zone (Djebel)
Secton 2: Piedmont zone
Section 3: Plain zone (Jeffara)

20.
Subsections of watershed
• Section 1: High Himalaya (Head water)
• Section 2: High Mountain (Head water)
• Section 3: Middle Mountain (Head
water)
• Section 4: Siwalik (Transfer zone)
• Section 5: Terai (Depositional zone)
Large scale watershed (Macrobasin):
Koshi Basin (Nepal and India)
>10,000 km2


21.
Part 2: Characteristics and management
For the following describe for each section of the
transect separately
Land use types (1.5)
Natural environment: rainfall, climate, slopes,
altitude etc (2.2)
2.2.10 Availability of water
Section 1 Section 2 Section 3 Section 4
Surface water (permanent)
Surface water (rainy season only)
Depth of ground water table (in m.) …… …… …… ……

22.
Oued Hallouf (QW TUN 001)Oued Hallouf (QW TUN 001)
1.5 Land uses of each section defined in the watershed

23.
26
Human environment: e.g. population density,
occupation, land tenure, etc (2.3)
Some aspects of human environment describe an
interrelation among sections (e.g. upstream/
downstream)
2.3.8 Are there socio-economic interactions between upstream
and downstream resource users in the watershed?
no  yes 
If yes, specify: Upstream and downstream resource users are in
contact for soil and water management. Each year for example
workshops or exchange days about sustainable land management
are organized by institutes or NGOs. No regulatory mechanisms
and no commercial agreements between upstream and
downstream resource users are in effect (Tunisia).
Part 2: Characteristics and management

24.
2.4.1 Watershed system
 various interrelated technologies work as a
system, impact achieved by joint functioning of
all technologies (e.g. gully plugging check
dam, water conservation pits and plantation)
 different technologies positioned in a sequence
in the landscape (topo-sequence, defined by
waterflow, up-/downstream)
 often a combination of technologies
(approaches) cover an area
Integrated watershed management (2.4)

25.
Watershed system (2.4.1.1)

26.
2.4 IWM example Tunisia (Ts)

27.
2.4 IWM example Tunisia (Ts)

28.
Challenges (Part 2)
How to express sensitivity and/or tolerance to climate
extremes for the whole watershed
Tolerant
technologies / QT
codes1
Sensitive technologies /
QT codes1
not known
Temperature increase .................... .................... 
Temperature decrease .................... .................... 
Seasonal rainfall increase .................... .................... 
Seasonal rainfall decrease .................... .................... 
Heavy rainfall events
(intensities and amount)
.................... .................... 
Windstorms / dust storms .................... .................... 
Floods .................... .................... 
Droughts / dry spells .................... .................... 
Decreasing length of growing
period
.................... .................... 
Others (specify):
……………………….
.................... .................... 
2.4.1.4 Under climatic extremes, are the technologies applied as a
system in the watershed tolerant of or sensitive to:

29.
2.4 IWM example Tunisia

30.
2.4 IWM example Tunisia (As)

31.
34
How to express impacts (benefits and
disadvantages) for the whole watershed
(weighted average, average of all sections?)
3.1 Impacts: benefits and disadvantages
Challenges (Part 3)

32.
3.1 Impacts: example Tunisia

33.
36
Section on Institutional and policy aspects (3.2)
3.2.4 Is payment for environmental services
(PES) applied for implementing the
management plan? Payments include
financial mechanisms and other rewards
such as training, provision of inputs, conflict
resolution measures, etc.
no  yes 
Analysis (Part 3)

34.
For each section
Identify disturbances in the water
balance (problems): what and
where?
Select and evaluate technologies/
approaches
Identify most promising
technologies/ approaches for the
sections/ zones within the
watershed (decision support for
solutions)
Watershed management planning (DRR)

35.
38
–Upper zone: Grazing land and forestsUpper zone: Grazing land and forests
–Middle zone: cropland, and mixed areasMiddle zone: cropland, and mixed areas
–Lower zone: settlements, cropland, grazing landLower zone: settlements, cropland, grazing land
Watershed Management, DRR, CC adaptation
 Promote appropriate productive & protective practices in
the 3 zones
PPCR Tajikistan
WB project

36.
Good Practices in SWC - contribution to adaptation and
farmers´ resilience towards climate change in the Sahel
Toposequence diagram
GIZ Niger

37.
40
Major results from Watershed DS tool:Major results from Watershed DS tool:
– Key: the water cycle  on- and
off-site impacts
– High water losses in drylands
causing disasters: flood and
drought
– Discussion about investments in
upper to protect lower zones
– Productive protection in all
zones!!!
– Prevention rather than cure or
rehabilitation
– Valuable / crucial contribution by
all stakeholders!!!
– Local solutions often available
but need up-scaling

38.
Climate Change
Adaptation Module

39.
Guiding principles:
1)Diversification of land use practices and farm incomes
2)Intensification of use of natural resources
3)Expansion of highly productive land use practices
4)Protection of land and livelihoods from extreme weather events
1 2 3 4
developed and tested:
PPCR - Pilot Program for Climate Resilience in Tajikistan
• to identify best SLM practices to improve rural
livelihoods and resilience to climate change and
• to make policy recommendations for their up-scaling
Climate Change Adaptation Module

40.
Adaptation to Climate Change
Climate Change:
A change of climate which is attributed directly or
indirectly to human activity that changes the composition
of the global atmosphere and which is in addition to
natural climate variability observed over comparable time
periods.
(IPCC 2007)
Adaptation:
An adjustment in natural or human systems in response
to actual or expected climatic stimuli or their effects. It
involves planned, enhanced, developed and
implemented measures and behaviors to prevent,
moderate, cope with and take advantage of the
consequences of climate events.
(adapted from UNDP 2005, UKCIP 2003 and IPCC 2001)

41.
Climate change
adaptation
module
Knowledge for developing SLM adaptation
strategies
Climate Change Module: QC
Aim:
evaluate sensitivity / tolerance
(vulnerability / resilience) of SLM
technologies to CC
QC is closely linked to QT

42.
Components of Vulnerability
By reducing the vulnerability of a system the
system becomes more resilient…
ExposureExposure SensitivitySensitivity
Potential ImpactsPotential Impacts Adaptive CapacityAdaptive Capacity
VulnerabilityVulnerability

43.
47
Definitions
Resilience:
The ability of a social or ecological system to absorb disturbances while retaining the
same basic structure and ways of functioning, the capacity for self-organisation, and
the capacity to adapt to stress and change.
Vulnerability:
The degree to which a system is susceptible to, and unable to cope with, adverse
effects of climate change, including climate variability and extremes. Vulnerability is a
function of the character, magnitude, and rate of climate change and variation to
which a system is exposed, its sensitivity, and its adaptive capacity.
Adaptive Capacity:
The ability of a human system and the SLM technology / approach to adjust to climate
change (including climate variability and extremes), to moderate potential damages,
to take advantage of opportunities, or to cope with the consequences.
Exposure:
The nature and degree to which a system is exposed to significant climatic variation.
Sensitivity:
The degree to which a system is affected, either adversely or beneficially, by climate
variability or change.
(IPCC, 2007 & 2001)

44.
QC content

45.
Q Climate Change Adaptation
49https://www.wocat.net/en/methods/modules/climate-change.html

46.
QC Part 1

47.
Link to QT

48.
QC Part 2
2.1 General observations of CC
2.2 Frequency of extreme climate events
2.3 Seasonal calendar of CC observations
2.4 Crop seasonal sensitivity
2.5 Controlling factors
2.6 Impacts of CC
3.1 Capacity to adjust to CC
3.2 Existence of adaptive measures
ExposureExposure
SensitivitySensitivity
Potential ImpactPotential Impact
Adaptive CapacityAdaptive Capacity

49.
Monitoring SLM practices in Tajikistan
BSc Thesis Loes Masselink

50.
Monitoring SLM practices in Tajikistan

51.
Monitoring SLM practices in Tajikistan

52.
I: the initial stage
D: the crop development stage
M: the mid - season stage
L: the late season stage
Monitoring SLM practices in Tajikistan

53.
Monitoring SLM practices in Tajikistan

54.
Monitoring SLM practices in Tajikistan

55.
3.2 Adaptive
capacity of
land users
(QT – 2.8.7)
Monitoring SLM practices in Tajikistan

56.
QC application in TJ: First results
Up to date 20 QCs were filled in covering a variety of
agroclimatic zones in Tajikistan

57.
Taj national overview
61
10 Technology Groups No CC impact being addressed
Improved grazing land 4 Vegetation degradation
Irrigation infrastructure management 7 Water shortage
Water harvesting 3 Less frequent rainfalls
Soil productivity enhancement 7 Soil fertility decline
Cross-slope measures:
onsite protection
5 Heavy rainfall
Cross-slope measures:
offsite protection
4 Land slides due to extreme rainfalls
Agroforestry 10 Crop failure in monoculture systems
Planted and natural forest 3 Riverbank erosion
Tree belts 4 Wind erosion, change in microclimate
Indirect SLM measures 2 Desertification
Total number of WOCAT case
studies
46

58.
not only the extreme events are important but also gradual changes!
QC application in TJ: First results

59.
Sensitivity of SLM technologies
QC application in TJ: First results

60.
therefore…
Need for SLM technologies that:
• increase resistance to
pests and diseases
• improve adaptation to warmer
temperatures using suitable
crop varieties
• increase water harvesting
and preserve soil humidity

61.
Other WOCAT modules
land tenure ??
LADA local assessment

62.
• The various WOCAT-LADA-DESIRE tools
complement each other at the different levels
(local to global)
• Stimulates self-evaluation and encourages
learning by comparing experiences within SLM
initiatives
• Serves for informed choices & decision
making
• Practices have to be modified and adapted to
the specific local context
• Assist monitoring and adaptation of
implemented SLM practices
Use of tools for KM and DS

63.
Thank you ‫ﺸﻛﺮﺍ‬