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Portable PHP
- 1. Portable PHP “All for one, one for all.” Alexandre Dumas Anatol Belski PHP Specialist November 2015
- 2. Interoperable PHP Anatol Belski @weltling ab@php.net #php.pecl@efnet #winphp-dev@freenode PHP 7.0 release manager PHP core developer OSS guy
- 3. Interoperable PHP OSTC • PHP • Hyper-V • Azure • Samba • Docker
- 6. Interoperable PHP A cross-platform program is … - Hardware - OS - Architecture - … independent and can run under various constellations.
- 7. Interoperable PHP Topics • Filesystem • Time API • Performance • 32- vs 64-bit • Thread safety • Beyond
- 8. Interoperable PHP Brief UNIX/Windows diff UNIX/Linux • gcc • many libs • processes • C99 • Ext*, reiserFS, HFS, etc. • UNIX permissions Windows • vc++ • core API + OSS libs • threads • C99 starting with VC12 • NTFS, FAT • ACLs
- 9. Filesystem
- 10. Interoperable PHP File permissions UNIX/Linux • chmod +x file • chmod -r file • chmod ugo-r file • chmod +r file • no equivalent • no equivalent • chmod +t somedir Windows • no equivalent • icacls file /deny nick:(R) • no equivalent • icacls file /grant nick:(R) • icacls file /grant nick:(GR,GW) • icacls file /inheritance:e • no equivalent
- 11. Interoperable PHP File/process permissions • UNIX/Linux • chmod(), chown(), etc. • process permissions are handled same way as file ones • Windows • icacls • impersonation • Unmapped UNIX users built-in SID mapping
- 12. Interoperable PHP Access time • ext3, ext4 and others • noatime,nodiratime in /etc/fstab • NTFS • fsutil behavior query DisableLastAccess • fsutil behavior set DisebleLastAccess 0
- 13. Interoperable PHP NTFS streams C:tmp> echo hello > foo.txt C:tmp>echo world > foo.txt:bar.txt C:tmp>dir /r foo.txt Volume in drive C is SYSTEM Volume Serial Number is AE0A-76BD Directory of C:tmp 08/31/2015 11:50 PM 8 foo.txt 8 foo.txt:bar.txt:$DATA 1 File(s) 8 bytes 0 Dir(s) 59,944,050,688 bytes free
- 14. Interoperable PHP PHP FS snippet 1 <?php var_dump(file_exists("/")); // Windows bool(true) //Linux bool(true)
- 15. Interoperable PHP PHP FS snippet 2 <?php var_dump(dirname('/windows/system', 2)); // Windows string(1) "“ //Linux string(1) “/"
- 16. Interoperable PHP PHP FS snippet 3 <?php $f = fopen("file.txt", "w"); var_dump(unlink("file.txt")); // Windows Warning: unlink(file.txt): Permission denied in Command line code on line 1 bool(false) //Linux bool(true)
- 17. Interoperable PHP PHP FS snippet 4 <?php var_dump(fopen("some/directory", "r")); // Windows Warning: fopen(some/directory): failed to open stream: Permission denied in Command line code on line 1 bool(false) //Linux resource(5) of type (stream)
- 18. Interoperable PHP Some PHP FS functions • readdir() • glob() • symlink() • relapath() • temp dir • PHP extension paths
- 19. Time APIs
- 20. Interoperable PHP System time APIs • TSC • RDTSC • RDTSCP • PM clock • HPET timer • POSIX clock • WIN8+
- 21. Interoperable PHP gettimeofday() • UNIX/Linux • us resolution + dependency on userspace tools • Windows • Win8+ with resolution <1us
- 22. Interoperable PHP Time examples in PHP • microtime() != microtime() • uniqid() is based on usleep() • usleep() • timeout handling
- 23. Interoperable PHP Timeout handling <?php set_time_limit(3); /* do some work */ $until = microtime(true) + 2; while($until > microtime(true)); sleep(1); /* do some work */ $until = microtime(true) + 1; while($until > microtime(true)); cho “reached here”;
- 24. PHP Performance
- 25. Interoperable PHP PHP opcode caches • Opcache • WinCache • APC • APCu
- 26. Interoperable PHP Performance PHP way • QB extension • Zephir • Recki-ct • Memcache, etc. • Write good PHP
- 27. Interoperable PHP Performance compiler way • PGO (VC++) • LTO/FDO (gcc) • Assembler • Compiler intrinsics
- 28. Interoperable PHP PGO Instrument • Produce an instrumented build Train • Run training scenarios Optimize • Produce optimized build using the training data
- 29. Interoperable PHP PGO commands • configure –enable-pgi • nmake • x64Releasephp.exe run-training-script.php • nmake clean • configure –enable-pgo • nmake
- 30. Interoperable PHP FDO commands • make clean • make prof-gen • sapi/cli/php run-training-script.php • make prof-clean • make prof-use
- 31. 64-bit
- 32. Interoperable PHP Do you think this works? $x = str_repeat("x", PHP_INT_MAX);
- 33. Interoperable PHP 64- vs 32-bit in PHP 64-bit • In general slower • 9.22337204 × 109 GB RAM addressable • 64-bit integers • LFS • 64-bit string length 32-bit • In general faster • Less than 2 GB RAM addressable • 32-bit integers • 32-bit file operations • 32-bit string length
- 34. Interoperable PHP Types in PHP7 • zend_long for integers • zend_ulong for numeric hashes • size_t for string length • zend_off_t for file offsets • zend_stat_t for file status information • See UPGRADING for more info
- 35. Interoperable PHP 64-bit affecting some functions • stat() • lstat() • filesize() • substr() • ftell() • fseek()
- 39. Interoperable PHP Process/Thread Process single threaded stack text data heap Process multi threaded stack stack text data heap Thread 1 Thread 2
- 40. Interoperable PHP Treads vs processes • Thread locking • Shared memory • security • performance
- 41. Thread 1 Thread 2 static __thread int i = 0; static int j = 0; void start_thread(void *dummy) { char hello[6]; char *world; memcpy(hello, "hello", 5); world = malloc(sizeof(char) * 5); memcpy(world, "world", 5); i++; } int main(int argc, char **argv) { pthread_t t0, t1; rc = pthread_create(&t0, NULL, start_thread, NULL); rc = pthread_create(&t1, NULL, start_thread, NULL); return 0; }
- 42. Interoperable PHP PHP SAPIs • Apache (worker, prefork, winnt) • CGI/FastCGI/FPM (NGINX, IIS, Apache, etc.) • Embed • Many unsupported SAPIs removed in PHP7
- 43. Interoperable PHP Apache mpm_prefork Master Child 1 Child 2 Child n
- 44. Interoperable PHP Apache mpm_worker Master Child 1 Child 2 Child n v Thread 1 Thread 2 Thread n v v Thread 1 Thread 2 Thread n v v v Thread 1 Thread 2 Thread n v v v v
- 45. Interoperable PHP Apache mpm_winnt v Master Child Thread 1 Thread 2 Thread n v vv
- 46. Interoperable PHP void ***tsrm_ls in PHP 5
- 47. Interoperable PHP TS layer in PHP 7 • Global thread specific pointer per binary unit • Optional special setup to cache TS resource • No additional tsrm_ls arguments in functions
- 48. Interoperable PHP TLS ● __thread qualifier is not a standard ● __declspec(thread) is not a standard ● thread_local is C++11 standard (not in PHP) ● pthread_setspecific, TlsSetValue, etc.
- 49. Interoperable PHP TLS types in PHP 7 TSRM/TSRM.h #ifdef TSRM_WIN32 # define TSRM_TLS __declspec(thread) #else # define TSRM_TLS __thread #endif Zend/zend_types.h #ifdef ZTS #define ZEND_TLS static TSRM_TLS #define ZEND_EXT_TLS TSRM_TLS #else #define ZEND_TLS static #define ZEND_EXT_TLS #endif
- 50. Interoperable PHP TS or NTS with PHP? TS • Less RAM consuming • Faster startup • Less library compatibility • More complexity • Slower processing NTS • More RAM consuming • Slower startup • More library compatibility • Less complexity • Faster processing
- 51. Interoperable PHP Some PHP core functions • mt_rand() • fork() • chroot() • setlocale()/localeconv() • symlink()/link() • fputcsv() • mail() • getenv()/putenv()
- 52. Interoperable PHP C APIs implementations in PHP snprintf sprintf spprintf strlcat strlcpy glob sscanf strnatcmp strtod gettimeofday usleep nanosleep select opendir readdir rewinddir flock socketpair syslog openlog closelog ...
- 53. Questions?
- 55. Interoperable PHP Links • https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/e7k32f4k.aspx • http://blogs.msdn.com/b/vcblog/archive/2013/05/06/speeding-up-php-performance-for-your-application-using-profile-guided-optimization- pgo.aspx • https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa364404%28v=vs.85%29.aspx • https://wiki.php.net/rfc/removal_of_dead_sapis • https://wiki.php.net/rfc/remove_deprecated_functionality_in_php7 • https://wiki.php.net/rfc/native-tls • https://wiki.php.net/rfc/size_t_and_int64_next