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A PHP Christmas Miracle A story of deception, wisdom, and finding our common interface Ryan Weaver @weaverryanSaturday, December 3, 11

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Who is this dude? • Co-author of the Symfony2 Docs • Core Symfony2 contributor • Co-owner of KnpLabs US • Fiancee of the much more talented @leannapelham http://www.knplabs.com/en http://www.github.com/weaverryan @weaverryanSaturday, December 3, 11

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Act 1: A History of modern PHP @weaverryanSaturday, December 3, 11

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First, the factsSaturday, December 3, 11

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To put it politely...Saturday, December 3, 11

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We have a surplus of PHP frameworksSaturday, December 3, 11

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To put it honestly...Saturday, December 3, 11

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We have a sh*tloadSaturday, December 3, 11

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‣ Symfony ‣ Zend Framework ‣ Lithium ‣ Aura (formerly Solar) ‣ Code Igniter ‣ Yii ‣ Cake ‣ Fuel ‣ Akelos ‣ Kohana ‣ Flow3 ‣ ...Saturday, December 3, 11

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And we solve common problems @weaverryanSaturday, December 3, 11

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Common Problems ‣ HTTP classes (e.g. request, response) ‣ Routing ‣ Controllers ‣ Forms ‣ Templates ‣ Events ‣ Loggers ‣ Mailing ‣ Database tools ‣ Validation ‣ Service containers ‣ Pagination ‣ Security ‣ Menus ‣ Serialization ‣ Search @weaverryanSaturday, December 3, 11

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Lack of sharing means duplicated effortsSaturday, December 3, 11

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But, there is some hope...Saturday, December 3, 11

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PSR-0 • The PHP community came together, sang Kumbaya and wrote up some class-naming standards • PSR-0 isn’t a library, it’s just an agreement to name your classes in one of two ways @weaverryanSaturday, December 3, 11

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PSR-0 with namespaces Namespace your classes and have the namespaces follow the directory structure class: SymfonyComponentHttpFoundationRequest path: vendor/src/Symfony/Component/HttpFoundation/Request.phpSaturday, December 3, 11

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PSR-0 with underscores Use underscores in your classes and follow the directory structure class: Twig_Extension_Core path: vendor/twig/lib/Twig/Extension/Core.phpSaturday, December 3, 11

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But what does this mean? • An "autoloader" is a tool you can use so that you dont have to worry about “including” classes before you use them • Use anyone’s autoloader • Were all still duplicating each others work, but at least everyone’s autoloader does the same thing @weaverryanSaturday, December 3, 11

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What else can we agree on?Saturday, December 3, 11

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So far, not muchSaturday, December 3, 11

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But we’ll see how all the libraries can still work togetherSaturday, December 3, 11

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And we can always hope for a Christmas miracleSaturday, December 3, 11

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Act 2: Starting with a Horrible App @weaverryanSaturday, December 3, 11

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How many of you use a framework on a regular basis?Saturday, December 3, 11

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How many of you have been told that its a bad idea to not use a framework?Saturday, December 3, 11

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Was I the one who told you that?Saturday, December 3, 11

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Today we’re going to break the rules...Saturday, December 3, 11

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... build a framework from “scratch” ...Saturday, December 3, 11

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... and see why that’s no longer necessarily a bad thing.Saturday, December 3, 11

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Today’s 2 goals: • Refactor a crappy flat PHP application into a framework that makes sense • Use as many libraries from as many quarreling PHP tribes as possible ‣ Symfony ‣ Zend Framework ‣ Lithium ‣ ... only lack of time prevents more... @weaverryanSaturday, December 3, 11

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Our starting point • Following along with the code of our app at: http://bit.ly/php-xmas • Our app is a single file that fuels two pagesSaturday, December 3, 11

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Saturday, December 3, 11

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• Shucks, we even have a database connectionSaturday, December 3, 11

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Open our Database connection // index.php try { $dbPath = __DIR__./data/database.sqlite; $dbh = new PDO(sqlite:.$dbPath); } catch(PDOException $e) { die(Panic! .$e->getMessage()); }Saturday, December 3, 11

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Try to get a clean URI // index.php $uri = $_SERVER[REQUEST_URI]; if ($pos = strpos($uri, ?)) { $uri = substr($uri, 0, $pos); }Saturday, December 3, 11

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Render the homepage // index.php if ($uri == / || $uri == ) { echo <h1>Welcome to PHP Santa</h1>; echo <a href="/letters">Readletters</a>; if (isset($_GET[name])) { echo sprintf( <p>Oh, and hello %s!</p>, $_GET[name] ); } }Saturday, December 3, 11

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Print out some letters // index.php if ($uri == /letters) { $sql = SELECT * FROM php_santa_letters; echo <h1>Read the letters to PHP Santa</h1>; echo <ul>; foreach ($dbh->query($sql) as $row) { echo sprintf( <li>%s - dated %s</li>, $row[content], $row[received_at] ); } echo </ul>; }Saturday, December 3, 11

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Got it?Saturday, December 3, 11

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Great, let’s clean this mess upSaturday, December 3, 11

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Act 3: Symfonys HTTP Foundation @weaverryanSaturday, December 3, 11

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Problems • Our code for trying to get a clean URL is a bit archaic and probably error prone • Were echoing content from our controllers, maybe we can evolve @weaverryanSaturday, December 3, 11

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Solution • Symfony’s HttpFoundation Component • Gives us (among other things) a solid Request and Response class @weaverryanSaturday, December 3, 11

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Bring in HttpFoundation mkdir -p vendors/Symfony/Component git submodule add git://github.com/symfony/HttpFoundation.git vendors/Symfony/Component/HttpFoundation/ git submodule add git://github.com/symfony/ClassLoader.git vendors/Symfony/Component/ClassLoaderSaturday, December 3, 11

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Current Status @weaverryanSaturday, December 3, 11

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Autoloading • No matter what framework or libraries you use, you’ll need an autoloader • We’ll use Symfony’s “ClassLoader” • Each PSR-0 autoloader is very similar @weaverryanSaturday, December 3, 11

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Create a bootstrap file <?php // bootstrap.php require __DIR__./vendors/Symfony/Component/ ClassLoader/UniversalClassLoader.php; use SymfonyComponentClassLoaderUniversalClassLoader; // setup the autoloader $loader = new UniversalClassLoader(); $loader->registerNamespace( Symfony, __DIR__./vendors ); $loader->register();Saturday, December 3, 11

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... and include it <?php // index.php require bootstrap.php; // ...Saturday, December 3, 11

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So how does this help?Saturday, December 3, 11

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$uri = $_SERVER[REQUEST_URI]; if ($pos = strpos($uri, ?)) { $uri = substr($uri, 0, $pos); } ... becomes ... use SymfonyComponentHttpFoundationRequest; $request = Request::createFromGlobals(); // the clean URI - a lot of logic behind it!!! $uri = $request->getPathInfo();Saturday, December 3, 11

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if (isset($_GET[name])) { echo sprintf( <p>Oh, and hello %s!</p>, $_GET[name] ); } ... becomes ... if ($name = $request->query->get(name)) { echo sprintf( <p>Oh, and hello %s!</p>, $name ); }Saturday, December 3, 11

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The “Request” object • Normalizes server variables across systems • Shortcut methods to common things like getClientIp(), getHost(), getContent(), etc • Nice object-oriented interface @weaverryanSaturday, December 3, 11

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The “Response” object • We also have a Response object • Instead of echoing out content, we populate this fluid object @weaverryanSaturday, December 3, 11

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header("HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found"); echo <h1>404 Page not Found</h1>; echo <p>This is most certainly *not* an xmas miracle</p>; ... becomes ... $content = <h1>404 Page not Found</h1>; $content .= <p>This is most certainly *not* an xmas miracle</p>; $response = new Response($content); $response->setStatusCode(404); $response->send();Saturday, December 3, 11

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Act 4: Routing @weaverryanSaturday, December 3, 11

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Problems • Our app is a giant gross “if” statement if ($uri == / || $uri == ) { // ... } elseif ($uri == /letters) { // ... } else { // ... } • Grabbing a piece from the URL like /blog/my-blog-post will take some work @weaverryanSaturday, December 3, 11

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Solution • Lithium’s Routing library • Routing matches URIs (e.g. /foo) and returns information we attached to that URI pattern • All the nasty regex matching is out-of-sight @weaverryanSaturday, December 3, 11

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3 Steps to Bringing in an external toolSaturday, December 3, 11

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#1 Download the library git submodule add git://github.com/UnionOfRAD/ lithium.git vendors/lithiumSaturday, December 3, 11

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#2 Configure the autoloader // bootstrap.php // ... $loader = new UniversalClassLoader(); $loader->registerNamespace(Symfony, __DIR__./vendors); $loader->registerNamespace(lithium, __DIR__./vendors); $loader->register();Saturday, December 3, 11

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#3 Celebrate! use lithiumnethttpRouter; $router = new Router(); // ...Saturday, December 3, 11

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Current Status @weaverryanSaturday, December 3, 11

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So how do we use the router?Saturday, December 3, 11

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Full disclosure: “use” statements I’m hiding from the next page use SymfonyComponentHttpFoundationRequest; use lithiumnethttpRouter; use lithiumactionRequest as Li3Request;Saturday, December 3, 11

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a) Map URI to “controller” $request = Request::createFromGlobals(); $li3Request = new Li3Request(); // get the URL from Symfonys request, give it to lithium $li3Request->url = $request->getPathInfo(); // create a router, build the routes, and then execute it $router = new Router(); $router->connect(/letters, array(controller => letters)); $router->connect(/, array(controller => homepage)); $router->parse($li3Request); if (isset($li3Request->params[controller])) { $controller = $li3Request->params[controller]; } else { $controller = error404; }Saturday, December 3, 11

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b) Execute the controller* // execute the controller, send the request, get the response $response = call_user_func_array($controller, array($request)); if (!$response instanceof Response) { throw new Exception(sprintf( WTF! Your controller "%s" didnt return a response!!, $controller )); } $response->send(); * each controller is a flat functionSaturday, December 3, 11

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The Controllers function homepage(Request $request) { $content = <h1>Welcome to PHP Santa</h1>; $content .= <a href="/letters">Read the letters</a>; if ($name = $request->query->get(name)) { $content .= sprintf( <p>Oh, and hello %s!</p>, $name ); } return new Response($content); }Saturday, December 3, 11

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The Controllers function letters(Request $request) { global $dbh; $kitten-- $sql = SELECT * FROM php_santa_letters; $content = <h1>Read the letters to PHP Santa</h1>; $content .= <ul>; foreach ($dbh->query($sql) as $row) { $content .= sprintf( <li>%s - dated %s</li>, $row[content], $row[received_at] ); } $content .= </ul>; return new Response($content); }Saturday, December 3, 11

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The Controllers function error404(Request $request) { $content = <h1>404 Page not Found</h1>; $content .= This is most certainly *not* an xmas miracle; $response = new Response($content); $response->setStatusCode(404); return $response; }Saturday, December 3, 11

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The Big Picture 1. Request cleans the URI 2. Router matches the URI to a route, returns a “controller” string 3. We execute the controller function 4. The controller creates a Response object 5. We send the Response headers and content @weaverryanSaturday, December 3, 11

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Your 20 line frameworkSaturday, December 3, 11

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Act 5: Pimple! @weaverryanSaturday, December 3, 11

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Problems • We’ve got lots of random, disorganized objects floating around • And we can’t easily access them from within our controllers function letters(Request $request) { global $dbh; // .... } @weaverryanSaturday, December 3, 11

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Solution • Pimple! - a Dependency Injection Container • Dependency Injection Container: the scariest word we could think of to describe an array of objects on steroids @weaverryanSaturday, December 3, 11

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Remember: 3 Steps to bringing in an external toolSaturday, December 3, 11

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#1 Download the library git submodule add git://github.com/fabpot/ Pimple.git vendors/PimpleSaturday, December 3, 11

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#2 Configure the autoloader // bootstrap.php // ... require __DIR__./vendors/Pimple/lib/Pimple.php; actually, it’s only one file - so just require it!Saturday, December 3, 11

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#3 Celebrate! $c = new Pimple();Saturday, December 3, 11

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Pimple Creates Objects • Use Pimple to create and store your objects in a central place • If you have the Pimple container object, then you have access to every other object in your application @weaverryanSaturday, December 3, 11

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Centralize the db connection $c = new Pimple(); $c[connection] = $c->share(function() { $dsn = sqlite:.__DIR__./data/database.sqlite; return new PDO($dsn); });Saturday, December 3, 11

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Centralize the db connection $c1 = $c[connection]; $c2 = $c[connection]; // they are the same - only one object is created! $c1 === $c2Saturday, December 3, 11

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Centralize the db connection $c1 = $c[connection]; $c2 = $c[connection]; // they are the same - only one object is created! $c1 === $c2Saturday, December 3, 11

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Access to what we need • So far, we’re using a “global” keyword to access our database connection • But if we pass around our Pimple container, we always have access to anything we need - including the database connection @weaverryanSaturday, December 3, 11

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Pass the container to the controller $c = new Pimple(); // ... $response = call_user_func_array( $controller, array($request, $c) );Saturday, December 3, 11

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function letters(Request $request, Pimple $c) { $dbh = $c[connection]; $kitten++ $sql = SELECT * FROM php_santa_letters; $content = <h1>Read the letters to PHP Santa</h1>; $content .= <ul>; foreach ($dbh->query($sql) as $row) { // ... } // ... }Saturday, December 3, 11

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What else? How about configuration?Saturday, December 3, 11

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$c = new Pimple(); // configuration $c[connection_string] = sqlite:.__DIR__ ./data/database.sqlite; $c[connection] = $c->share(function(Pimple $c) { return new PDO($c[connection_string]); });Saturday, December 3, 11

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Further? What about dependencies?Saturday, December 3, 11

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$c[request] = $c->share(function() { return Request::createFromGlobals(); }); $c[li3_request] = $c->share(function($c) { $li3Request = new Li3Request(); $li3Request->url = $c[request]->getPathInfo(); return $li3Request; }); // ... $li3Request = $c[li3_request];Saturday, December 3, 11

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With everything in the container, our “framework” just got skinnySaturday, December 3, 11

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$c = new Pimple(); // create objects in Pimple // execute our routing, merge attributes to request $result = $c[router]->parse($c[li3_request]); $c[request]->attributes ->add($c[li3_request]->params); // get controller and execute! $controller = $c[request]->attributes ->get(controller, error404); $response = call_user_func_array( $controller, array($c[request], $c) ); $response->send();Saturday, December 3, 11

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Logging with ZF2 @weaverryanSaturday, December 3, 11

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Problems • I don’t have enough frameworks in my framework • Oh yeah, and we need logging... @weaverryanSaturday, December 3, 11

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Solution • Zend Framework2 • ZF2 has a ton of components, including a logger @weaverryanSaturday, December 3, 11

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3 Steps to bringing in an external toolSaturday, December 3, 11

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#1 Download the library git submodule add git://github.com/ zendframework/zf2.git vendors/zf2Saturday, December 3, 11

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#2 Configure the autoloader // bootstrap.php // ... $loader = new UniversalClassLoader(); $loader->registerNamespace(Symfony, __DIR__./vendors); $loader->registerNamespace(lithium, __DIR__./vendors); $loader->registerNamespace( Zend, __DIR__./vendors/zf2/library ); $loader->register();Saturday, December 3, 11

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#3 Celebrate! use ZendLogLogger; use ZendLogWriterStream; $logger = Logger($pimple[logger_writer]); Yes we did just bring in a 100k+ lines of code for a simple logger :)Saturday, December 3, 11

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Current Status @weaverryanSaturday, December 3, 11

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Create the Logger in our Fancy Container use ZendLogLogger; use ZendLogWriterStream; $c[log_path] = __DIR__./data/web.log; $c[logger_writer] = $c->share(function($pimple) { return new Stream($pimple[log_path]); }); $c[logger] = $c->share(function($pimple) { return new Logger($pimple[logger_writer]); });Saturday, December 3, 11

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And use it anywhere function error404(Request $request, Pimple $c) { $c[logger]->log( Crap, 404 for .$request->getPathInfo(), Logger::ERR ); $content = <h1>404 Page not Found</h1>; // ... }Saturday, December 3, 11

100.
Getting kinda easy, right?Saturday, December 3, 11

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What other libraries can you think to integrate?Saturday, December 3, 11

102.
Getting Organized @weaverryanSaturday, December 3, 11

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Problems • Our application has 4 major parts: 1) autoloading setup 2) Creation of container 3) Definition of routes 4) Definition of controllers 5) The code that executes everything • For our business, only #3 and #4 are important • ... but it’s all jammed together @weaverryanSaturday, December 3, 11

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Solution • Some definitions “Application” - the code that makes you money “Framework” - under-the-hood code that impresses your geek friends • To be productive, let’s “hide” the framework @weaverryanSaturday, December 3, 11

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Starting point • Our app basically has 2 files ‣ bootstrap.php: holds autoloading ‣ index.php: holds - container setup - definition of routes - definition of controllers - the code that executes it all @weaverryanSaturday, December 3, 11

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Ending point ‣ bootstrap.php: holds - autoloading - container setup - the code that executes it all (as a function called _run_application()) ‣ controllers.php: holds controllers ‣ routes.php: holds routes ‣ index.php: pulls it all together @weaverryanSaturday, December 3, 11

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Nothing to see here... <?php // index.php $c = require bootstrap.php; require routing.php; require controllers.php; $response = _run_application($c); $response->send();Saturday, December 3, 11

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“Framework” hidden away... // bootstrap.php function _run_application(Pimple $c) { $c[router]->parse($c[li3_request]); $c[request]->attributes ->add($c[li3_request]->params); $controller = $c[request]->attributes ->get(controller, error404); return call_user_func_array( $controller, array($c[request], $c) ); }Saturday, December 3, 11

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Routes have a home // routing.php $c[router]->connect( /letters, array(controller => letters) ); $c[router]->connect( /{:name}, array( controller => homepage, name => null ) );Saturday, December 3, 11

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Controllers have a home // controllers.php use SymfonyComponentHttpFoundationRequest; use SymfonyComponentHttpFoundationResponse; function homepage(Request $request) { // ... } function letters(Request $request, $c) { // ... } function error404(Request $request) { // ... }Saturday, December 3, 11

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To make $$$, work in routes.php and controllers.phpSaturday, December 3, 11

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Final Thoughts @weaverryanSaturday, December 3, 11

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It doesn’t matter if you use a framework...Saturday, December 3, 11

114.
... inherited a legacy spaghetti system...Saturday, December 3, 11

115.
... or practice “not-invented- here” developmentSaturday, December 3, 11

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...an innumerable number of tools are available...Saturday, December 3, 11

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... so you can stop writing your framework ...Saturday, December 3, 11

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... and start writing your applicationSaturday, December 3, 11

119.
What’s available? Search GitHubSaturday, December 3, 11

120.
Thanks! Questions? Ryan Weaver @weaverryanSaturday, December 3, 11

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References • http://bit.ly/php-xmas • http://github.com/symfony • https://github.com/UnionOfRAD/lithium • https://github.com/zendframework/zf2 • http://pimple.sensiolabs.org/ And if we had more time... • http://twig.sensiolabs.org/ • https://github.com/knplabs/KnpMenu • https://github.com/Seldaek/monolog • https://github.com/avalanche123/Imagine @weaverryanSaturday, December 3, 11