This is a complete summary of household risks associated with pests and some of the control measures. It underscore the roles of other non target organisms which must be protected within the ecosystem.

1. Watentena Amos
April, 2018

3.  Trigger/cause asthma and allergies
 Bites
 Contaminate food
 Stress and embarrassment
 Transmit disease
 Hitchhike in belongings
 Violate some housing codes
 Structural damage
 Decrease in property value

4.  They are used to living with problems
 Low standards for pest control and
maintenance
 Other priorities & socioeconomic factors
 Not aware of the problems
 Cannot envision a better way

5. Insect Repellents
Moth Balls
 DEET is the most
effective repellent
for ticks and
mosquitoes
 Public health
agencies
recommend not
using sunscreen
plus repellent
formulations
 Mothballs must be
used in a sealed,
airtight container
 Naphthalene can
persist in indoor air
for months
 It can result in
headaches,
difficulty breathing
and stress

6.  These include bleach, swimming pool
chemicals and toilet bowl sanitizers
 These products are used to control,
sanitize, disinfect or sterilize pests such as
molds, bacteria, algae and microbes
 Some antimicrobial agents can be quite
toxic if ingested

7.  Agents or substances used to kill, reduce or
repel undesired insects, weeds, rodents,
fungi, bacteria, or other organisms, Or
 A pesticide is any substance or mixture of
substances intended for preventing,
destroying, repelling or mitigating any pest.
 Insecticides are widely used in medical
entomology and public health

8. Pesticides are classified according to
function:
 Avicides – birds
 Herbicides – weeds
 Fungicides – fungi, mold and mildew
 Insecticides – insects
 Rodenticides – rodents

9. Broad spectrum
 Toxicity to adult
 Toxicity to
immature
 Lethal
determination
 Dosage
 Concentration
 Time
 Weight loss
 Shorter life span
 Behavior changes
 Reduced fecundity
 Reduced immunity
 Deformity
 Mutation
 Loss of habitat

11.  Mobile Organisms,
 Large number of individuals
 Attracted to pollen source
 And some have apparatus to carry pollen

12. R. Fell, Tignor K. (2001)
 Reduced drone
fecundity
 Reduced queen cell
production
J. Wu, Anelli C. (2011)
 Increased larval
mortality
 Delayed adult
emergence
 Reduced longevity
L. Dahlgren (2012)
 Reduced queen
survival
J. Berry, Hood W.(2013)
 Decreased brood
survival
 Increase queen
supercedure

13.  Be familiar with different pesticides that you
may want to use at home
 Know how to minimize poisonings and
exposure before use
 Understand the role of integrated pest
management as a system and set of tools
for pest control

14. Thank You