1.
The Mennonites of Khiva A Modernizing Community

2.
Main Points Time Period Three Cultural Keys to Mennonite Influence Significance

3.
Time Period1882 – 1884: Settlement in Lausan Relative isolation, little influence in the Khanate

4.
Time Period1884 - 1901: Ak Metchet Mennonites used as craftsmen, day-laborers Royal construction project (c.1900)

5.
Time Period1884 - 1901: Ak Metchet Emil Riesen and Herman Jantzen study languages and Islamic literature in the palace Emil Riesen Herman Jantzen

6.
Time Period 1882 – 1884: Settlement in Lausan Relative isolation, little influence in the Khanate 1884 - 1901: Ak Metchet Mennonites used as craftsmen, day-laborers Emil Riesen and Herman Jantzen study languages and Islamic literature in the palace 1901 – 1918: Peak of Mennonite influence

7.
Three Cultural Keys Key 1: Khiva had a history of drawing upon outside influences

8.
Three Cultural Keys Muhammad Murad - Former Afghan Slave

9.
Three Cultural Keys Islam Khodja - Khivan Reformer

10.
Three Cultural Keys Key 1: Khiva had a history of drawing upon outside influences Key 2: Mennonite values and talents provided a path to influence in the palace

11.
Three Cultural KeysKey 2: Mennonite Values and Talents Nonviolence Craftsmanship Talents for languages and cross-cultural communication

12.
Three Cultural Keys Key 1: Khiva had a history of drawing upon outside influences Key 2: Mennonite values provided a path to influence in the palace Key 3: Mennonite cultural and kinship contacts kept new ideas coming into the khanate.

13.
Three Cultural keysKey 3: Mennonite Cultural and KinshipContacts Photography Cotton German equipment Entrepreneurship

14.
Key 3: Mennonite Cultural and KinshipContacts Photography Khudaybergen Divanov & Wilhelm Penner

15.
Key 3: Mennonite Cultural and Kinship Contacts Cotton: American relatives Exchanged seed, ideas

16.
Key 3: Mennonite Cultural and Kinship Contacts Cotton: Exclusive ginning contract

17.
Key 3: Mennonite Cultural and Kinship Contacts Cotton By 1904, half of Khiva’s harvest was high-yield American cotton By 1914, it consisted of two-thirds of the kingdom’s cotton At the same time in Bukhara, low-yield local cotton still outnumbered American varieties 30:1

18.
Key 3: Mennonite Cultural and Kinship Contacts Electricity in the palace German generators from AEG Criticized by Russians

19.
Key 3: Mennonite Cultural and Kinship Contacts Electricity in the palace Russian officer: “Mennonites are very important to the khanate of Khiva since the natives see the model order in the German village, value the rational, business-like intellect of its residents, esteem their industry, their entrepreneurship and their skills and thus they try to learn from and imitate the Mennonites in all these traits and values . . . No doubt, every German appears to the natives as a very clever and virtuous person.”

20.
Key 3: Mennonite Cultural and Kinship Contacts Entrepreneurship Otto Toews and Family

21.
Key 3: Mennonite Cultural and Kinship Contacts Entrepreneurship: Toews and Schmidt Carpentry Carriages Western-style furniture Employed and trained local artisans

22.
Key 3: Mennonite Cultural and Kinship Contacts Entrepreneurship: Toews and Schmidt Carpentry Carriages Western-style furniture Employed and trained local artisans These two workshops generated 25,000 to 30,000 rubles per year for Ak Metchet’s economy

23.
SignificanceMennonites had much more influence thanpreviously thought

24.
SignificanceMennonites had much more influence thanpreviously thoughtMennonites were “rooted cosmopolitans”

25.
SignificanceMennonites had much more influence thanpreviously thoughtMennonites were “rooted cosmopolitans”Example of Muslim-Christian cooperation andpartnership