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LABORATORY ANIMALS
TAXONOMIC CLASSIFICATION
DR. VYSAKH MOHAN M
BVSc & AH
Graduate Trainee
NCLAS, ICMR-NIN
LABORATORY ANIMALS
Any non human member of animal kingdom
which is kept in captivity for experimental
or observational purposes
ANIMAL MODEL
A living organism with an inherited, naturally acquired, or
induced pathological process that in one or more respects
closely resembles the same phenomenon in humans (or
animals)
“A living organism in which normative biology or behaviour can be
studied, or in which a spontaneous or induced pathological process
can be investigated, and in which the phenomenon in one or more
respects resembles the same phenomenon in humans or other
species of animal”
THE BASIC
TAXONOMIC HIERARCHY
CONFUSED TERMS
 Genus
 Species
 Breed
 Strain
 Variety
GENUS
 A group of animals (or plants), more closely related than a
family, but less similar than a species
 Genus : Rattus
 Rattus refers to all the rats in Family Muridae
 The Muridae, or murids, are the largest family of rodents
and of mammals, containing around 300 genera and 1300
species
SPECIES
 All domestic pet rats and
laboratory rats belong to a
single species
 Rattus norvegicus
 More than 65 species within
genus Rattus
BREED
 A group of animals presumably related by descent from
common ancestors and visibly similar in most
characteristics
 No separate breeds of rats
 Beagle, Labrador Retriever, Doberman Pincher, etc. are
examples of dog breeds
STRAIN
 Group of individuals which share a presumed common
ancestry and have clear-cut physiological but not
usually morphological distinctions
 Rat strains – Wistar, Fisher, Sprague Dawley, etc. and
their hundreds of internal divisions
VARIETY
 Group of animals that share a single physical trait
Rats with curly fur belong to the rex variety
Rats with low-set ears are called dumbo variety
Rats with thinner long coat with lustrous sheen is satin
variety
Rats without hair are called hairless variety
Tailless variety
Standard variety, etc.
Laboratory Animals - Taxonomic Classification
ANIMALS USED IN
RESEARCH
ANIMALS USED IN RESEARCH
 Most Widely Used (Mammals)
Mouse
Rat
Guinea Pig
Rabbit, Hamster, Gerbil, Ferret, Cat, Dog, Sheep, Pig, Non-
Human Primates, etc.
 Less widely used
Birds, Reptiles, Amphibians, Fishes, Nematodes, Molluscs,
Arthropods, etc.
MOST WIDELY USED LABORATORY ANIMALS –
MAMMALS
 Kingdom : Animalia
 Phylum : Chordata
 Class : Mammalia
RODENTS (Order : Rodentia)
 Mouse
 Rat
 Gerbil
 Hamster
 Guinea Pig
Family : Muridae
MOUSE (Mus musculus)
 Kingdom : Animalia
 Phylum : Chordata
 Class : Mammalia
 Order : Rodentia
 Family : Muridae
 Genus : Mus
 Species : M. musculus
20
PAIRS
RAT (Rattus norvegicus)
 Kingdom : Animalia
 Phylum : Chordata
 Class : Mammalia
 Order : Rodentia
 Family : Muridae
 Genus : Rattus
 Species : R. norvegicus
21
PAIRS
MONGOLIAN GERBIL (Meriones unguiculates)
 Kingdom : Animalia
 Phylum : Chordata
 Class : Mammalia
 Order : Rodentia
 Family : Muridae
 Genus : Meriones
 Species : M. unguiculates
21
PAIRS
GOLDEN/ SYRIAN HAMSTER (Mesocricetus auratus)
 Kingdom : Animalia
 Phylum : Chordata
 Class : Mammalia
 Order : Rodentia
 Family : Cricetidae
 Genus : Mesocricetus
 Species : M. auratus
22
PAIRS
GUINEA PIG (Cavia porcellus)
 Kingdom : Animalia
 Phylum : Chordata
 Class : Mammalia
 Order : Rodentia
 Family : Caviidae
 Genus : Cavia
 Species : C. porcellus
32
PAIRS
RABBIT (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
 Kingdom : Animalia
 Phylum : Chordata
 Class : Mammalia
 Order : Lagomorpha
 Family : Leporidae
 Genus : Oryctolagus
 Species : O. cuniculus
22
PAIRS
FERRET (Mustela putorius)
 Kingdom : Animalia
 Phylum : Chordata
 Class : Mammalia
 Order : Carnivora
 Family : Mustelidae
 Genus : Mustela
 Species : M. putorius
20
PAIRS
CAT (Felis catus)
 Kingdom : Animalia
 Phylum : Chordata
 Class : Mammalia
 Order : Carnivora
 Family : Felidae
 Genus : Felis
 Species : F. catus
19
PAIRS
DOG (Canis lupus familiaris)
 Kingdom : Animalia
 Phylum : Chordata
 Class : Mammalia
 Order : Carnivora
 Family : Canidae
 Genus : Canis
 Species : C. lupus familiaris
39
PAIRS
Sheep (Ovis aries)
 Kingdom : Animalia
 Phylum : Chordata
 Class : Mammalia
 Order : Artiodactyla
 Family : Bovidae
 Genus : Ovis
 Species : O. aries
28
PAIRS
Pig (Sus scrofa domesticus)
 Kingdom : Animalia
 Phylum : Chordata
 Class : Mammalia
 Order : Artiodactyla
 Family : Suidae
 Genus : Sus
 Species : S. scrofa domesticus
19
PAIRS
NON-HUMAN PRIMATES (NHPs)
 Mainly Rhesus macaque/monkey.
 Great apes were used earlier. Now it has restrictions.
(Chimpanzees)
 Lesser number of squirrel monkeys, marmosets,
tamarins, spider monkeys, owl monkeys, vervet
monkeys, baboons, etc. are used in Europe and US.
RHESUS MACAQUE (Macaca mulatta)
 Kingdom : Animalia
 Phylum : Chordata
 Class : Mammalia
 Order : Primates
 Family : Cercopithecidae
 Genus : Macaca
 Species : M. mulatta
24
PAIRS
LESS WIDELY USED LABORATORY ANIMALS
 Molluscs (Phylum : Mollusca)
 Nematodes (Phylum : Nematoda)
 Arthropods (Phylum : Arthropoda)
 Reptiles (Phylum : Chordata, Class : Reptalia)
 Amphibians (Phylum : Chordata, Class : Amphibia)
 Birds (Phylum : Chordata, Class : Aves)
 Fishes (Phylum : Chordata, Class : Chondrichthyes,
Osteichthyes)
LESS WIDELY USED LABORATORY ANIMALS
 Freshwater Snail (Lymnaea stagnalis)
 Nematode (Caenorhabditis elagans)
 Common Fruit Fly (Drosophila melanogaster)
 Crocodiles, Lizards, Turtles
 African Clawed Frog (Xenopus laevis), Western Clawed
Frog (Xenopus tropicalis), Ornate Chorus Frog (Microhyla
fissipes)
 Poultry, Zebra Finches, Canaries, Parrots, Parakeets, etc.
 Zebrafish (Danio rerio)
THANK YOU
VIVISECTION
 Operation on a living animal for experimental rather
than healing purposes
 more broadly, all experimentation on live
animals
VIVISECTIONIST vs ANTI-VIVISECTIONIST
VIVISECTIONIST
 A person who vivisects
 A person who favors or
defends the practice of
experimentation in
animals
ANTI-VIVISECTIONIST

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Laboratory Animals - Taxonomic Classification

  • 1. LABORATORY ANIMALS TAXONOMIC CLASSIFICATION DR. VYSAKH MOHAN M BVSc & AH Graduate Trainee NCLAS, ICMR-NIN
  • 2. LABORATORY ANIMALS Any non human member of animal kingdom which is kept in captivity for experimental or observational purposes
  • 3. ANIMAL MODEL A living organism with an inherited, naturally acquired, or induced pathological process that in one or more respects closely resembles the same phenomenon in humans (or animals) “A living organism in which normative biology or behaviour can be studied, or in which a spontaneous or induced pathological process can be investigated, and in which the phenomenon in one or more respects resembles the same phenomenon in humans or other species of animal”
  • 5. CONFUSED TERMS  Genus  Species  Breed  Strain  Variety
  • 6. GENUS  A group of animals (or plants), more closely related than a family, but less similar than a species  Genus : Rattus  Rattus refers to all the rats in Family Muridae  The Muridae, or murids, are the largest family of rodents and of mammals, containing around 300 genera and 1300 species
  • 7. SPECIES  All domestic pet rats and laboratory rats belong to a single species  Rattus norvegicus  More than 65 species within genus Rattus
  • 8. BREED  A group of animals presumably related by descent from common ancestors and visibly similar in most characteristics  No separate breeds of rats  Beagle, Labrador Retriever, Doberman Pincher, etc. are examples of dog breeds
  • 9. STRAIN  Group of individuals which share a presumed common ancestry and have clear-cut physiological but not usually morphological distinctions  Rat strains – Wistar, Fisher, Sprague Dawley, etc. and their hundreds of internal divisions
  • 10. VARIETY  Group of animals that share a single physical trait Rats with curly fur belong to the rex variety Rats with low-set ears are called dumbo variety Rats with thinner long coat with lustrous sheen is satin variety Rats without hair are called hairless variety Tailless variety Standard variety, etc.
  • 13. ANIMALS USED IN RESEARCH  Most Widely Used (Mammals) Mouse Rat Guinea Pig Rabbit, Hamster, Gerbil, Ferret, Cat, Dog, Sheep, Pig, Non- Human Primates, etc.  Less widely used Birds, Reptiles, Amphibians, Fishes, Nematodes, Molluscs, Arthropods, etc.
  • 14. MOST WIDELY USED LABORATORY ANIMALS – MAMMALS  Kingdom : Animalia  Phylum : Chordata  Class : Mammalia
  • 15. RODENTS (Order : Rodentia)  Mouse  Rat  Gerbil  Hamster  Guinea Pig Family : Muridae
  • 16. MOUSE (Mus musculus)  Kingdom : Animalia  Phylum : Chordata  Class : Mammalia  Order : Rodentia  Family : Muridae  Genus : Mus  Species : M. musculus 20 PAIRS
  • 17. RAT (Rattus norvegicus)  Kingdom : Animalia  Phylum : Chordata  Class : Mammalia  Order : Rodentia  Family : Muridae  Genus : Rattus  Species : R. norvegicus 21 PAIRS
  • 18. MONGOLIAN GERBIL (Meriones unguiculates)  Kingdom : Animalia  Phylum : Chordata  Class : Mammalia  Order : Rodentia  Family : Muridae  Genus : Meriones  Species : M. unguiculates 21 PAIRS
  • 19. GOLDEN/ SYRIAN HAMSTER (Mesocricetus auratus)  Kingdom : Animalia  Phylum : Chordata  Class : Mammalia  Order : Rodentia  Family : Cricetidae  Genus : Mesocricetus  Species : M. auratus 22 PAIRS
  • 20. GUINEA PIG (Cavia porcellus)  Kingdom : Animalia  Phylum : Chordata  Class : Mammalia  Order : Rodentia  Family : Caviidae  Genus : Cavia  Species : C. porcellus 32 PAIRS
  • 21. RABBIT (Oryctolagus cuniculus)  Kingdom : Animalia  Phylum : Chordata  Class : Mammalia  Order : Lagomorpha  Family : Leporidae  Genus : Oryctolagus  Species : O. cuniculus 22 PAIRS
  • 22. FERRET (Mustela putorius)  Kingdom : Animalia  Phylum : Chordata  Class : Mammalia  Order : Carnivora  Family : Mustelidae  Genus : Mustela  Species : M. putorius 20 PAIRS
  • 23. CAT (Felis catus)  Kingdom : Animalia  Phylum : Chordata  Class : Mammalia  Order : Carnivora  Family : Felidae  Genus : Felis  Species : F. catus 19 PAIRS
  • 24. DOG (Canis lupus familiaris)  Kingdom : Animalia  Phylum : Chordata  Class : Mammalia  Order : Carnivora  Family : Canidae  Genus : Canis  Species : C. lupus familiaris 39 PAIRS
  • 25. Sheep (Ovis aries)  Kingdom : Animalia  Phylum : Chordata  Class : Mammalia  Order : Artiodactyla  Family : Bovidae  Genus : Ovis  Species : O. aries 28 PAIRS
  • 26. Pig (Sus scrofa domesticus)  Kingdom : Animalia  Phylum : Chordata  Class : Mammalia  Order : Artiodactyla  Family : Suidae  Genus : Sus  Species : S. scrofa domesticus 19 PAIRS
  • 27. NON-HUMAN PRIMATES (NHPs)  Mainly Rhesus macaque/monkey.  Great apes were used earlier. Now it has restrictions. (Chimpanzees)  Lesser number of squirrel monkeys, marmosets, tamarins, spider monkeys, owl monkeys, vervet monkeys, baboons, etc. are used in Europe and US.
  • 28. RHESUS MACAQUE (Macaca mulatta)  Kingdom : Animalia  Phylum : Chordata  Class : Mammalia  Order : Primates  Family : Cercopithecidae  Genus : Macaca  Species : M. mulatta 24 PAIRS
  • 29. LESS WIDELY USED LABORATORY ANIMALS  Molluscs (Phylum : Mollusca)  Nematodes (Phylum : Nematoda)  Arthropods (Phylum : Arthropoda)  Reptiles (Phylum : Chordata, Class : Reptalia)  Amphibians (Phylum : Chordata, Class : Amphibia)  Birds (Phylum : Chordata, Class : Aves)  Fishes (Phylum : Chordata, Class : Chondrichthyes, Osteichthyes)
  • 30. LESS WIDELY USED LABORATORY ANIMALS  Freshwater Snail (Lymnaea stagnalis)  Nematode (Caenorhabditis elagans)  Common Fruit Fly (Drosophila melanogaster)  Crocodiles, Lizards, Turtles  African Clawed Frog (Xenopus laevis), Western Clawed Frog (Xenopus tropicalis), Ornate Chorus Frog (Microhyla fissipes)  Poultry, Zebra Finches, Canaries, Parrots, Parakeets, etc.  Zebrafish (Danio rerio)
  • 32. VIVISECTION  Operation on a living animal for experimental rather than healing purposes  more broadly, all experimentation on live animals
  • 33. VIVISECTIONIST vs ANTI-VIVISECTIONIST VIVISECTIONIST  A person who vivisects  A person who favors or defends the practice of experimentation in animals ANTI-VIVISECTIONIST

Editor's Notes

  1. Discussion about the most common laboratory animals and their taxonomic classification
  2. Order Rodentia - Characterized by upper and lower pairs of ever-growing rootless incisor teeth