Tatiana Vakhitova

Editor's Notes

1. Relevance Practice - oriented Further collaboration and research themes Introduction: ICOMOS, WH Sites UK, GreenBRIDGE, IAIA 2012 The research question of this project is: How can an understanding of cultural heritage be enhanced in the impact assessment process applied in living culturally significant urban areas in analyzing the change towards sustainable development? UK WH sites
2. Examples: Management Plans UK Monitoring and Management training ICOMOS China IAIA
3. OUV Authenticity Integrity Management Regulations …
4. Additionally the WH Committee has identified the following threats to Outstanding Universal Value of WH sites, present in the majority of Conservation reports of State parties: Among these are: lack of assessment techniques and specific guidelines for cultural heritage; a need for earlier and greater public participation; and a limited focus to the built or material assets (e.g. designated buildings and protected areas) with intangible aspects of cultural heritage (social value - cultural identity, community cohesion, social practices) rarely assessed, and hence very narrowly, i.e. from archaeological or architectural perspectives (e.g. SUIT 2004), presented at ‘screening’ and ‘scoping’ stages – the first stages of an IA process.
5. Contradictions between international regulatory bodies, national government, and local interests, as sites’ international status and restrictions is placed upon new developments with multiple ownerships and stakeholders (Pendlebury 2009). There is a tension between tourism strategies and planning for local needs, and the conflict between the universalizing approach to heritage and local heritage ( Ibid .). Moreover, the challenge to this debate adds the sites’ complexity, such as boundaries and buffer zones, contradictions over the “nature of authenticity when translated to an urban scale” (Ibid.350). Clarity about WH sites issues, interpretation of cultural heritage values, appropriate management, and participatory planning processes should reduce the conflicts outlined and hence there will be less need for UNESCO/ICOMOS involvement (e.g. Pendelbury 2009).
6. Examples: Management Plans UK Monitoring and Management training ICOMOS China IAIA
7. Affected stakeholders Consistency Integration
8. various stakeholders and their values (local , national , international); creation of man , representation of ideas, memories, identities; interactions of people with built environment; tangible attributes and intangible dimensions; a long time-span and various spatial dimensions ( above , below the ground , in its setting); Cultural h eritage should be better considered as part of the cultural process (e.g. Tait and While 2009) with its multiple interpretations, changeable and transmitted to other generations through traditions and artifacts, which should coexist with new contributions of our generation, and according to the values we have. Analyses of the extract from the Westminster SOUV Draft from 24th Nov 2011   Westminster Palace, Westminster Abbey, and St Margaret's Church   Cultural heritage significance should be maintained through identification of cultural heritage values, which are described through authentic attributes and elements of integrity of a place.   Criteria Criterion (i): Represent a unique artistic achievement, a masterpiece of human creative genius Criterion (ii): Have exerted great influence, over a span of time or within a cultural area of the world, on developments in architecture, monumental arts, or town planning and landscaping Criterion (iv): Be an outstanding example of a type of building or architectural ensemble which illustrates a significant stage in history Authenticity Intangible elements are included into description of the site’s authenticity. It is argued that “all the buildings maintain high authenticity in their materials and substance in their form and design ”. Elements used to describe it include: Location, Size, Design, High Quality Materials – power & dominance of state religion, monarchy and the parliamentary system; Sound of ‘Big Ben’ – symbol of Britain and democracy; Historic uses and functions – place of worship and coronations, royal weddings, funerals The meaning has changed though; the monarchy does not play the same role as previously, when the medieval Gothic Abbey was built. The Houses of Parliament continues to fulfil its function and the St Margaret’s church is being used by Members of Parliament and Lords. Intangible dimensions: e.g. sound, uses & functions are being recognised as a part of cultural heritage significance. Original use and high standard maintenance allowed protecting site’s internal coherence , although “heavy volume of traffic in the roads around the property” (Ibid. 3) makes a certain impact. Moreover the site cannot be enjoyed as much as it would be being there pedestrian zone and more green space. Integrity The properties of the site form an ensemble , which represents “the intertwined history of monarchy, church and state and the journey from medieval feudalism to a system of modern universal democracy” (Ibid. 2). Additional associated attributes , outside the boundary, which has been modified by inclusion of the separating portion of road, could be considered as well in the future. Visual integrity – recognisable location, setting - centre of government/religion; properties’ size, dominance , “intricate architectural form” can be “appreciated against the sky”. Distinctive skyline and its visual integrity is vulnerable to tall buildings development projects. The work is under way to establish the key views in and out of the property for protection of those. Descriptions of authenticity and integrity provide a language for expression of site’s values, which can be explained in spatial language/material attributes and intangible dimensions.   The working definition for “ built cultural heritage ” developed in the framework of this doctoral research project is – Historic Urban Landscape UNESCO Recommendations on Historic Urban Landscape (HUL) (2011, par. 8) define an urban area as “the result of a historic layering of cultural and natural values and attributes, extending beyond the notion of historic centre or ensemble to include the broader urban context and its geographical setting”. http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0021/002110/211094e.pdf
9. Examples: Management Plans UK Monitoring and Management training ICOMOS China IAIA
10. SETTING embraces all of the surroundings (land, sea, structures, features and skyline) from which the asset can be experienced or that can be experienced from or within the asset and that setting does not have a fixed boundary and cannot be definitively and permanently described as a spatially bounded area or as lying within a set distance of a heritage asset. 32ND ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR IMPACT ASSESSMENT Energy Future The Role of Impact Assessment This is developed in the English Heritage (EH) guidance on ‘The Setting of Heritage Assets’. The PPS5 definition is repeated but the guidance goes on, in paragraph 2.2, to say that from the PPS5 definition, it can be understood that setting embraces all of the surroundings (land, sea, structures, features and skyline) from which the asset can be experienced or that can be experienced from or within the asset and that setting does not have a fixed boundary and cannot be definitively and permanently described as a spatially bounded area or as lying within a set distance of a heritage asset. Of particular relevance, the guidance notes that the construction of a distant but high building may extend what might previously have be en understood to comprise setting. 2010 target for all renewable energy technologies was 324 MW, rising to 3671 MW in 2020. Planning Policy Statement 22: Renewable Energy (PPS22) Key principle (iv) states that the wider environmental and economic benefits of all proposals for renewable energy projects, whatever their scale, are material considerations that should be given significant weight in determining whether proposals should be granted planning permission. IAIA 2012 energy and impact assessment with impact on landscape
11. The gradation of impact can vary. But setting cannot be expressed as a percentage of asset’s significance, as significance relates primarily to asset in its setting (setting does not exist without asset, hence without asset’s significance). Therefore it is necessary to establish significance of an asset (place), second how setting contributes to this significance. Further analyse how change made to setting impacts significance of an asset. There could be at least two cases: If contribution of setting to asset’s significance is high: small change to setting – major impact on asset; If contribution of setting to asset’s significance is low: small change to setting - minor impact in asset. The reverse is also truth: If contribution of setting to asset’s significance is high: big change to setting – major impact on asset; If contribution of setting to asset’s significance is low: big change to setting - minor impact in asset.
12. 1987 Bath 1995 Edinburgh
13. Streering Committee and Emerging Actors Sustainability: energy efficiency and reduction of carbon emissions; Active conservation active conservation (SUIT 2004) integrated framework for urban heritage within the rest of the town community involvement maximization of value in a long-term period values-based conservation (e.g. Burra Charter 1999) cultural significance of a place
14. Pictures
15. Examples: Management Plans UK Monitoring and Management training ICOMOS China IAIA