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Wearable technologies
- 3. Outline • What is wearable computing? • Areas of application • Sensors and form factors • Human Factors • Privacy • Future Trends
- 5. Wearable Technologies • Computers worn as garments, clothes, accessories • Bring technology closer to users’ lives – To support, facilitate, help, enhance daily activities – To augment human senses, raise users’ awareness, empower them • Diverse application domains
- 6. Wearable Computing • Large potential • Numerous application domains • Versatile Solutions • Continuous usage • Accessible [MOTTI, V. G.; KOHN, S.; CAINE, K. Wearable Computing: A Human-centered View of Key Concepts, Application Domains, and Quality Factors. 2014. In MobileHCI'2014.] 6
- 7. Technological Motivations • Portability – Miniaturization, flexible materials • More efficient power sources, battery • Novel sensors – Miniaturized, more accurate • Communication protocols – WiFi – Bluetooth – NFC 7
- 10. 10
- 13. Form Factors • Anklet • Armband • Backband • Belt • Bra • Bracelet • Contact Lenses • Chest Mounted • Earring • Earpiece • Glasses • Glove • Headphones • Head mounted • Helmet • Jacket • Necklace • Pajamas • Pendant • Ring • Shirt • Shoes • Watch • Wrist mounted theconnectivist.com 13
- 15. Purpose • Augmented reality • Virtual reality • Mixed reality • Gaming • Interaction • Communication 15
- 18. Wrist Worn Devices • Popular • Conventional location – accessible • Blend in to users’ outfits 18 Smart watch
- 20. Sensors — Accelerometer — Altimeter — Bio-acoustic — Blood Pressure (BP) — Brightness — Camera — Compass — ECG (Electrocardiogram) — EDA (Electro dermal Activity) — EEG (Electroencephalogram) — Electrodes — EMG (Electromyogram) — EOG (Electrooculogram) — Fiber Optic Sensors — Fiber Sensors — Glucometer — GPS — GSR — Gyroscope — Humidity — Inductive Wires — Inertial Measurement Units (IMU) — IR LED + IR photodiode — IR photo reflective — IR proximity — IR temperature — LED + Photodiode — Magnetic Coils — Microphone — Optical Sensor — Oximeter — Piezoelectric/resistive — Pressure — PSG (Polysomnogram) — Respiration — RFID — Spectrometer — Thermometer — Textile Sensors — Ultra-sound (US) — Ultra-violet (UV) — Weight 20
- 22. Sensors Overview • Built-in sensors: measure motion, orientation, and various environmental conditions • provide raw data with high precision and accuracy • monitor three-dimensional device movement or positioning, changes in the ambient environment near a device – a game might track readings from a device's gravity sensor to infer complex user gestures and motions, such as tilt, shake, rotation, or swing. – a weather application might use a device's temperature sensor and humidity sensor to calculate and report the dewpoint – a travel application might use the geomagnetic field sensor and accelerometer to report a compass bearing.
- 23. Categories of sensors • Android platform supports 3 categories of sensors: • Motion sensors: measure acceleration forces and rotational forces along three axes. – accelerometers, gravity sensors, gyroscopes, and rotational vector sensors. • Environmental sensors: measure various environmental parameters, such as ambient air temperature and pressure, illumination, and humidity. – barometers, photometers, and thermometers. • Position sensors: measure the physical position of a device. – orientation sensors and magnetometers.
- 24. Sensors • Hardware-based sensors: physical components built into a handset or tablet device – directly measuring specific environmental properties, such as acceleration, geomagnetic field strength, or angular change. • Software-based sensors are not physical devices – derive their data from one or more of the hardware-based sensors
- 25. Sensor Coordinate System • For most sensors, the coordinate system is defined relative to the device's screen when the device is held in its default orientation • This coordinate system is used by the following sensors: – Acceleration sensor – Gravity sensor – Gyroscope – Linear acceleration sensor – Geomagnetic field sensor Coordinate system (relative to a device) that's used by the Sensor API.
- 28. • Domains: cardiology, pediatrics, obstetrics, neonatology, oncology, neurology, psychiatry • Stages: prevention, diagnose, treatment, rehabilitation • Beneficiaries: babies, kids, teens, adults, older adults, patients, medical practitioners and caregivers Wearable Health Applications
- 33. Moves App and Humana’s Cue App • Stretch • Breath • Drink water • Straighten up • Go outside
- 36. Wearable Life
- 38. Key Challenges • Interfaces and Interaction – Transient requirements, context changes, limited resources • Self-diagnose – Shift health care to a patient-centric paradigm • Validation – Precision, personalization, calibration, error • Risks – Estimation, assumption
- 40. Risks
- 43. Conclusion • Wearables have a promising potential for diverse fields • In healthcare, they can promote healthier lifestyles and improve standard care practices – current solutions are still in their infancy though • Further efforts are needed until wearable technologies become accessible, safe, and popular