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ALLOTROPES OF 
CARBON 
PRESENTED BY- VINITHA V
KERALA UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF 
TEACHER EDUCATION,KOLLAM
ALLOTROPE DEFINITION 
•Allotropy or allotropism is the 
property of some chemical elements 
to exist in two or more different 
forms, known as allotropes of these 
elements. Allotropes are different 
structural modifications of an 
element.
ALLOTROPES OF CARBON 
•Diamond 
•Graphite 
•“Bucky balls” or 
buckminsterfullerene 
•Carbon nanotube
ALLOTROPES OF CARBON
DIAMOND 
• Diamond word means “unbreakable“ in 
Greek, is a metastable allotrope of carbon, 
where the carbon atoms are arranged in a 
variation of the face-centered cubic crystal 
structure called a diamond lattice.
DIAMOND 
• Each carbon atom is bonded to 4 others to form a 
giant covalent network or lattice 
• Is bond is of the same length and equally strong 
so the carbon atoms are sp3 hybridized 
• As all the electrons are localised (fixed in 
position), diamond is exceptionally hard and it 
does not conduct electricity
DIAMOND 
Each carbon atom is bonded to 4 others to 
form a giant covalent network or lattice
PROPERTIES OF DIAMOND 
• Very high melting point 
• Doesn’t conduct electricity 
• Good conductor of heat. 
• Very hard. 
• Fluorescence under UV light and X-ray.
GRAPHITE 
Graphite, meaning "writing stone“ in 
Greek is a semi metal, native element 
mineral. Graphite is the most stable form 
of carbon under standard conditions.
GRAPHITE 
• Each carbon atom is bonded to 3 other carbon 
atoms to give layers of hexagonal rings 
• As each bond is the same, the carbon atoms are 
sp2 hybridised 
• The remaining p orbital electron is delocalised to 
form weak bonds between the layers 
• The covalent layer lattice has all sigma bonds
GRAPHITE 
Each carbon atom is bonded to 3 other 
carbon atoms to give layers of hexagonal rings
PROPERTIES OF GRAPHITE 
• Because of the layers, graphite is an excellent 
lubricant as the layers can slide over each other 
• Graphite is also a good conductor of electricity 
because of the delocalised electrons e.g. carbon 
rods, lead pencils
BUCKMINSTERFULLERENE 
• Is one member of a family of spherical carbon molecules 
sometimes called “buckyballs” 
• Has the formula C60 
• The C atoms are arranged in hexagons and pentagons to 
give a geodesic spherical structure similar to a football
BUCKMINSTERFULLERENE 
• Like in graphite, each carbon atom is 
bonded to 3 others
BUCKMINSTERFULLERENE 
• Like in graphite, each carbon atom is 
bonded to 3 others 
• Each carbon atom is sp2 hybridized 
• There are also delocalized electrons, hence 
C60 can conduct electricity slightly
CARBON NANOTUBE 
• Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are allotropes of carbon with 
a cylindrical nanostructure.
CARBON NANOTUBE 
• They have a hollow structure with the walls 
formed by one-atom-thick sheets of carbon, 
called graphene. 
• The chemical bonding of nanotubes is composed 
entirely of sp2 bonds, similar to those of graphite. 
• Carbon nanotubes are the strongest and stiffest 
materials yet discovered in terms of tensile 
strength and elastic modulus.
Carbon allotropes
Carbon allotropes

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Carbon allotropes

  • 1. ALLOTROPES OF CARBON PRESENTED BY- VINITHA V
  • 2. KERALA UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION,KOLLAM
  • 3. ALLOTROPE DEFINITION •Allotropy or allotropism is the property of some chemical elements to exist in two or more different forms, known as allotropes of these elements. Allotropes are different structural modifications of an element.
  • 4. ALLOTROPES OF CARBON •Diamond •Graphite •“Bucky balls” or buckminsterfullerene •Carbon nanotube
  • 6. DIAMOND • Diamond word means “unbreakable“ in Greek, is a metastable allotrope of carbon, where the carbon atoms are arranged in a variation of the face-centered cubic crystal structure called a diamond lattice.
  • 7. DIAMOND • Each carbon atom is bonded to 4 others to form a giant covalent network or lattice • Is bond is of the same length and equally strong so the carbon atoms are sp3 hybridized • As all the electrons are localised (fixed in position), diamond is exceptionally hard and it does not conduct electricity
  • 8. DIAMOND Each carbon atom is bonded to 4 others to form a giant covalent network or lattice
  • 9. PROPERTIES OF DIAMOND • Very high melting point • Doesn’t conduct electricity • Good conductor of heat. • Very hard. • Fluorescence under UV light and X-ray.
  • 10. GRAPHITE Graphite, meaning "writing stone“ in Greek is a semi metal, native element mineral. Graphite is the most stable form of carbon under standard conditions.
  • 11. GRAPHITE • Each carbon atom is bonded to 3 other carbon atoms to give layers of hexagonal rings • As each bond is the same, the carbon atoms are sp2 hybridised • The remaining p orbital electron is delocalised to form weak bonds between the layers • The covalent layer lattice has all sigma bonds
  • 12. GRAPHITE Each carbon atom is bonded to 3 other carbon atoms to give layers of hexagonal rings
  • 13. PROPERTIES OF GRAPHITE • Because of the layers, graphite is an excellent lubricant as the layers can slide over each other • Graphite is also a good conductor of electricity because of the delocalised electrons e.g. carbon rods, lead pencils
  • 14. BUCKMINSTERFULLERENE • Is one member of a family of spherical carbon molecules sometimes called “buckyballs” • Has the formula C60 • The C atoms are arranged in hexagons and pentagons to give a geodesic spherical structure similar to a football
  • 15. BUCKMINSTERFULLERENE • Like in graphite, each carbon atom is bonded to 3 others
  • 16. BUCKMINSTERFULLERENE • Like in graphite, each carbon atom is bonded to 3 others • Each carbon atom is sp2 hybridized • There are also delocalized electrons, hence C60 can conduct electricity slightly
  • 17. CARBON NANOTUBE • Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are allotropes of carbon with a cylindrical nanostructure.
  • 18. CARBON NANOTUBE • They have a hollow structure with the walls formed by one-atom-thick sheets of carbon, called graphene. • The chemical bonding of nanotubes is composed entirely of sp2 bonds, similar to those of graphite. • Carbon nanotubes are the strongest and stiffest materials yet discovered in terms of tensile strength and elastic modulus.