More Related Content More from vigyanashram (20) 1. िबिज प्रक्रियाक्रिया कशी करावी?
Vigyan Ashram
(A center of Indian Institute Of Education)
At. Post Pabal Dist. Pune 412403
www.vigyanashram.com
www.techshala.com
www.renindia.in
2. ibajap`ik`yaa
• ibajap`ik`yaa kolyaamauLo ibayaaNyaaMcaI ]
gavaNaxamata vaaZto ,
• ipkacaI raoga p`tIkarSa@tI vaaZto
• ipkacyaa ]%padnaat maaozyaa p`maaNaavar vaaZ haoto.
• ]%padIt maalaacaI p`tvaarI hI maaozyaa p`maaNaat
caaMgalaI Asato.
“Sauw ibajaapaoTI fLo
rsaaL gaaomaTI”
ibayaaNyaaMnaa porNaI puvaI- jaI p`ik`yaa kolaI
jaato %yaasa ibajap`ik`yaa Asao mhNatat.
mhNauna porNaI puvaI- sava-ca ibayaaMnaa
AaOYaQaacaI p`ik`yaa kolaI tr maaozyaa p`maaNaavar ]
%padnaat vaaZ hao[la.
mhNauna porNaI puvaI- sava-ca ibayaaMnaa
AaOYaQaacaI p`ik`yaa kolaI tr maaozyaa p`maaNaavar ]
%padnaat vaaZ hao[la.
5. ibayaaNyaac
aI
sauPtavasqa
a
ibayaaNyaac
aI
sauPtavasqa
a
vaatavarNaat yaaogya va Anaukula GaTk Asatanaa
AMkurNaxama ibayaa $jat naahI.ASaa ibayaaMcyaa
Avasqaolaa sauPtavasqaa mhNatat. vaogavaogaLyaa
ibayaMamaQyao sauPtavasqaocaa kalavaQaIcaa
vaogavaogaLa Asatao.tao kahI idvasaapasauna kahI
mahInyaaMpya-Mt Asau Saktao.sauPtavasqao
caI karNao
sauPtavasqao
caI karNao
1.kahI ibayaaMcao AavarNa kzINa Asato.%yaamauLo paNaI
va Aa^i@sajana Aat iSa$ Sakt naahI.
2.kahI p@va ibayaaMmaQaIla baIjagaBa- puNa- vaaZlaolaa
nasatao %yaamauLo %yaaMcao AMkurNa haot naahI.
3.ibaT$T saar#yaa ibayaaMt kahI AMkurNa raoQak
rasaayainak d`vya tyaar haotat.
%yaamauLo AMkurNa p`ik`yaa haot naahI.
6. ibajap`ik`yaa puZIla vaogavaogaLyaa p`karo krtat :
1.ibayaaNyaacao kvaca GaasaNao :
kahI ibayaaMcao kvaca Kup TNak ikMvaa jaaD
AsalyaamauLo ibayaaMt paNaI va Aa^i@sajana kahIca iSart naahI
AaiNa ibayaaMcao AMkurNa haot naahI ASaa ibayaa KDbaDIt
pRzBaagaavar GaasalyaamauLo %yaa izsauL haotat.yaamauLo baI
maQyao paNaI SaaoYalao jaato va baIjaaMkurNaalaa madt haoto.]da :
krTaolaI ,baaor ,icaMca.
2. ibayaaNao paNyaat iBajavaNao :
baI paNyaat iBajaivalyaamauLo %yaavarIla kvaca
narma pDto.tsaoca ibayaaNyaat Asalaolao AMkurNa ivaraoQak
rsaayana paNyaat ivarGaLuna baahor pDto %yaamauLo ibayaaMcao
AMkurNa lavakrca haoNyaasa madt haoto. ]da. kakDIvagaI-ya Baajyaa.
3. Aamlaacaa vaapr :
ibayaaNao tIva` Aamlaat qaaoDa vaoL bauDvauna
kaZlyaasa %yaacao kzINa kvaca narma pDuna %yaat paNaI
ibajap`ik`yaa
krNao
7. 4. AtI qaMD jalap`ik`yaa :
kahI ibayaaMnaa Aaolasar pNa AtI qaMD tapmaana idlao Asata
AMkurNa eksaarKo AaiNa lavakr haoto.yaa
pwtIt baI paNyaat 12 to 24 tasa iBajavatat.naMtr Aaolasar rotI
ikMvaa SaovaaL yaaMcyaa maaQyamaat baI po$na to
10 M sao.tapmaanaasa zovatat va puNa- saukvalyaanaMtr porNaIsaazI
vaaprtat.
5. rsaayanao AaiNa saMjaIvakaMcaa vaapr :
ibayaaNyaacaI sauPtavasqaa GaalavaNyaasaazI puZIla
rsaayanao saMjaIvakaMcaa vaapr krtat.
paoT^iSayama naayaT/oT : sauPtavasqaotIla baI 0.2 % paoT^iSayama
naayaT/oTcyaa d`avaNaat iBajat zovauna naMtr porNaIsaazI vaapravao.
ijabaroilak A^isaD : yaa saMjaIvakacao 100 to 500 pIpIema tIva`tocao
d`avaNa tyaar k$na %yaat baI iBajat Gaalauna porNaIsa vaapravao.
qaayaaoyaurIyaacaa vaapr : jao baI Aaolasar qaMD tapmaanaat
AMkurNaxama pavato to baI 10 ila.paNyaat 50 to 300 ga`^ma
8. kaMda yaa ipkasa saazvaNauikt kaoMba yaoNaar naahI va
kaMda jaast iTkNyaasa madt hao[-la yaa saazI
ma^laIkh^D/aJaIna yaacaa vaapr krtat.
baTaTa ipkacyaa baoNyaasa saazvaNaukIt kaoMba yao}
nayao va jaast idvasa iTkNyaasa madt hao[-la mhNauna
baoNao
38 to 45 AMSa f^ranaa[-T tapmaanaat zovatat va
ma^laIkh^D/aJaIna caI p`ik`yaa krtat.
Taoma^Tao .laoTyausa [ ipkaMcao ibayaaNao saazvaNauikt
Kraba hao} nayao mhNauna ToT^saaya@la^saIna cyaa
ibayaaNao sauPtavasqaot
jaaNyaasaazI kravayaacaI
p`ik`yaa
9. jyaa baIyaa jaIvaMt Asatat AaiNa vaatavarNaatIla yaaogya GaTk ]plabQa
Asalyaasa $jau Saktat ,%yaaMnaa AMkurNaxama ibayaa Asao mhNatat.kaoNa
%yaahI pirisqatIt jyaa ibayaa $jau Sakt naahIt %yaa ibayaa maRt samajaavyaat.
AMkurNaxamatocyaa kalaavaQaInausaar BaajaIpalyaacyaa
ibayaaNyaacaI ivaBaagaNaI :
1.kmaI AMkurNaxamata kalaavaQaI :
kahI BaajaIpalaa ipkaMcaa ibajaaMkurNaxamata
kalaavaQaI ek ikMvaa daona hMgaamaapurtaca
mayaa-idt Asatao. ]da.kaMda ,maka.
2. maQyama AMkurNaxamata kalaavaQaI :
kahI BaajaIpalaa ipkMcaa ibajaaMkurNaxamata
kalaavaQaI daona ikMvaa tIna hMgaamaapurtaca
Asatao.]da.GaovaDa ,vaaTaNaa ,kaobaI
,BaoMDI.
3. idGa- AMkurNaxamata kalaavaQaI :
kahI BaajaIpalaa ipkaMcaa baIjaaMkurNaxamata
kalaavaQaI tIna to paca hMgaamapya-Mt
Asatao.]da.kakDI ,duQaIBaaopLa ,klaIMgaD.
]gavaNa
xamata
]gavaNa
xamata
vaatavarNaatIla tapmaana AaiNa Aad`-ta vaaZlyaamauLo
ibayaaMcaI AMkurNaxamata kmaI haoto.ibayaaNao puNa-
saukvaUna ,kmaI tapmaanaat ,raoga AaiNa ikDIpasauna saurixat
zovalyaasa ibayaaNyaacyaa AMkurNaxamatocaa kalaavaQaI
10. baIjaaMkurNaavar pirNaama krNaaro GaTk
BaajaIpalaa ipkacao baI raopvaaTIkot ikMvaa jamaInaIt porlyaanaMtr
%yaaMcao Apoixat p`maaNaat AMkurNa haoNyaasaazI vaatavarNaatIla
kahI baahyaGaTkaMcaI tsaoca ibayaaNyaacyaa AMtga-t GaTkacaI
Anaukulata AsaNao AavaSyak Asato.
mah%vaacyaa baahyaGaTkat paNaI ,hvaa , tapmaana ,AaiNa
p`kaSa yaaMcaa samaavaoSa Asatao.
1. paNaI :
BaajaIpalaa ipkacao ibayaaNao pirp@va Jaalyaavar %yaat
paNyaacao p`maaNa 6 to 8 % [tko Asato.ibayaaNao jamaInaIt
porlyaanaMtr ibayaaNyaanao Barpur paNaI SaaoYaUna Gaotlyaavar %yaacao
AMkurNa hao} Sakto.%yaasaazI jamaInaIt puroSaI Aaola AsaNao
AavaSyak Asato.ibayaaMnaI paNaI SaaoYaUna Gaotlyaavar %yaacao
AMkurNaasaazI AavaSyak Asalaolyaa cayaapyaacyaa ik`yaa vaogaanao sau$
haotat.ivaivaQa ivakr enJaa[msa ik`yaaiSala hao}na baIjaatIla Annapdaqaa-var
%yaacaI p`ik`yaa hao}na %yaacao d`va$p pdaqaa-t $paMtr haoto.yaa d`va$p
Annapdaqaa-var gaBaa-caI vaaZ haoto.baIjaaMkurNa haotanaa Svasanaik`yaa
jaladgatInao haoto.%yaamauLo gaBa- vaaZIsaazI laagaNaarI ]jaa- ]plabQa
haoto.paNyaamauLo baIjaavarNa ma} haoto va %yaat Aai@sajanacaa sahja
11. 3. tapmaana :
AMkurNa p`ik`yaovar tapmaanaacaa pirNaama haotao.p`%yaok
p`karcyaa BaajaIpalaa pIkacyaa ibayaaNyaacyaa AMkurNaasaazI
tapmaana ivaiSaYT p`maaNaat AsaNao AavaSyak Asato.
%yaapoxaa kmaI AiQak tapmaana Asaola tr Annap`ik`yaa
maMdavato.saaQaarNa: tapmaana 0 AMSa saoilsaAsa poxaa kmaI
va 50 AMSa saoilsaAsa poxaa jaast Asalyaasa ibayaaMcao AMkurNa
haot naahI.maQyama tapmaanaat ibayaaMcao AMkurNa ]%tma
haoto.p`%yaok BaajaIpalaa ipkacyaa ibajaaMkurNaasaazI [Yttma
tapmaana vaogavaogaLo Asato.
4. p`kaSa :
kahI BaajIpalaa ipkaMcyaa baIjaaMkurNaavar p`kaSaacaa pirNaama
idsauna yaotao.laoTyausa ,Taoma^Tao ,[.BaajaIpalaa ipkacyaa
ibayaaNyaacao maMd p`kaSaat ]%tma AMkurNa haoto.yaa ]laT kaMda
,lasauna [ BaajaIpalaa ipkamaQyao p`kaSaamauLo
baIjaaMkurNaavar p`tIkula pirNaama haotao.kahI BaajaIpalaa ipkaMcyaa
baIjaaMkurNaavar p`kaSaacaa kaoNatahI pirNaama idsauna yaot
naahI.AMQaar ikMvaa p`kaSaat %yaaMcao baIjaaMkurNa saar#yaa
p`maaNaat AaZLuna yaoto.
]gavaNaxamata vaaZivaNyaasaazI kravayaacyaa p`ik`yaa :
1. qaMD paNyaacaI ibajap`ik`yaa :
12. ijavaaNau KtaMcaI ibajap`ik`yaa puZIla p`maaNao krtat.
1.rayaJaaobaIyama
2.A^JaoTaoba^@Tr
3.A^JaaoisprIlaIyama
4.sPaurd ivarGaLivaNaaro ijavaaNau
5.T/ayakaoDmaa-
2.A^JaoTaoba^@Tr
ho ijavaaNau jamaInaImaQyao ipkaMcyaa mauLaBaaovatI rahuna
AsahjaIvaI pwtInao kaya- krIt Asatat.to hvaotIla mau@t na~ SaaoYaUna Gaotat
va ipkaMnaa ]plabQa k$na dotat.ho ijavaaNau Kt iWdla vagaI-ya ipko vagaLuna
[tr sava- ekdla tRNaQaanya ipkaMnaa ]pyaaogaI pDtat.]da.jvaarI ,baajarI
,gahu ,maka ,}sa ,kapusa ,sauya-fula ,imarcaI ,vaaMgaI ,DaLIMba ,po$ ,AaMbaa
[.
%yaasaazI KalaIla ica~fIt pha.
1.rayaJaaobaIyama : yaa jaIvaaNauMcao kaya- sahjaIvaI pwtInao
caalato.ho jaIvaaNau SaoMgavagaI-ya ipkaMcyaa mauLavar gaazI
inamaa-Na krtat AaiNa hvaotIla na~vaayau SaaoYauna Gao}na
mauMLavaaTo ipkasa ]plabQa k$na %yaamauLo na~yau@t KtaMcaI
maa~a saaQaarNa 25 % kmaI p`maaNaat laagato.%yaasaazI KalaIla
ica~fIt pha.
16. 3.A^JaaoisprIlaIyama
ho ijavaaNau tRNaQaanya va BaajaIpalaa ipkaMcyaa
mauLaMmaQyao va mauLaBaaovatI rahuna na~ isqar krNyaacao kaya- krtat.jvaarI
AaiNa maka ipkasaazI ]pyau@t.
4.sfurd ivarGaLivaNaaro ijavaaNau :
jamaInaIt ivarGaLNyaasa kzINa Asalaolyaa kahI
Annad`vyaamaQyao sfurdcaa k`maaMk pihlaa laagatao.%yaamauLo rasaayainak
Kt $panao vaaprlaolao sfurd kaoNa%yaa naa kaoNa%yaa rasaayainak sva$pat
maatImaQyao isqar haoto.yaamauLo Kt $panao idlaolyaa sfurdcaa ]pyaaoga
vanasptI SaaoYaNaasaazI k$na Gao} Sakt naahI va iSafarSaInausaar idlaolyaa
sfurdyau@t Ktacaa ]pyaaoga puNa-pNao hao} Sakt naahI.yaakrIta sfurdyau@t
Ktacaa vanasptIMnaa laagaNaayaa rasaayainak sva$pat $paMtr haoNao
garjaocao Aaho.
sfurd ivarGaLivaNaarI ijavaaNau Kto saMvaQa-nao Aivad`avya isqar$pI
sfurdcao d`avya rasaayainak sva$pat $paMtr k$na to ipkaMnaa ]plabQa k$na
dotat.yaamauLo rasaayainak sfurdyau@t Ktacaa vaapr d`vya sva$pat ipkvaaZIcyaa
yaaogya kalaavaQaIt haoNao Sakya haoto.
5.T/ayakaoDmaa-
hI praopjaIvaI baurSaI jamaInaIt pdaqaa-var maaozyaa p`maaNaat vaaZto
va [tr raoga ijavaaNauMcaI vaaZ inayaMi~t krto.tI [tr raogakark baurSaIvar Qaagao
17. rRasaayainak AaOYaQaaMcaI ibajap`ik`yaa puZIla p`maaNao
krtat
BaajaIpalaa ipko va AaOYaQao
A.n
a
ipkacao
naava
ibajap`ik`yaocao AaOYaQa ,p`maaNa va ik`yaa
1 vaaMgaI 1 ik.ga`^ma ibayaaNyaasa 3 ga`^ma qaayarma caaoLavao
2 Taoma^Ta
o
1 ik.ga`^ma ibayaaNyaasa 3 ga`^ma qaayarma caaoLavao
3 imarcaI 1 ik.ga`^ma ibayaaNyaasa 3 ga`^ma qaayarma caaoLavao
4 maoqaI 1 ik.ga`^ma ibayaaNyaasa 3 ga`^ma k^PTna caaoLavao
5 GaovaDa 10 to 15 ik.ga`^ma ibayaaNyaasa 10 to 15 ga`^ma
rayaJaaoibayama` caaoLavao
6 palak 1 ik.ga`^ma ibayaaNyaasa 3 ga`^ma k^PTna caaoLavao
18. ibajap`ik`yaosaazI
BaajaIpalaa ipko va AaOYaQao
A.n
a ipkaca
o
naava
ibajap`ik`yaocao AaOYaQa ,p`maaNa va ik`yaa
7 gavaar 10 to 15 ik.ga`^ma ibayaaNyaasa 250 ga`^ma rayaJaaoibayama`
caaoLavao
8 daoDka 1 ik.ga`^ma ibayaaNyaasa 3 ga`^ma k^PTna ikMvaa kabao-
nDIJama caaoLavao
9 mauLa 1 ik.ga`^ma ibayaaNyaasa 3 ga`^ma k^PTna caaoLavao
10 vaaTaN
aa
1 ik.ga`^ma ibayaaNyaasa 3 ga`^ma k^PTna ikMvaa kabao-
nDIJama caaoLavao
11 duQaI
BaaopL
a
1 ik.ga`^ma ibayaaNyaasa 2.5 ga`^ma k^PTna ikMvaa kabao-
nDIJama caaoLavao
12 baTaTa 1.laagavaDIsaazI baTaTyaacaI faoDI krtovaoLI kaoyata
blaayaTa^@sa cyaa 0.3 yaa AaOYaQaacyaa d`avaNaat
19. ibajap`ik`yaosaazI
Qaanya ipko va AaOYaQao
A.n
a
ipkacao
naava
ibajap`ik`yaocao AaOYaQa ,p`maaNa va ik`yaa
13 jvaarI kajaLI kaNaI yaa raogaapasauna inayaM~NaasaazI
gaMQakacaI p`ik`yaa kravaI.1 ik.ga`^ma ibayaaNyaasa 3
ga`^ma gaMQak caaoLavao.
14 baajarI 20 % maIzacyaa d`avanaat ibayaaNao bauDvauna naMtr
porNaIsaazI vaapravao %yaamauLo ArgaT ,gaaosaavaI
raogaavar inayaM~Na krta yaoto.
15 gahu 1 ik.ga`^ma ibayaaNyaasa 3 ga`^ma qaayarma caaoLavao
16 Baat 1 ik.ga`^ma ibayaaNyaasa 2.5ga`^ma qaayarma ikMvaa
k^Ptna caaoLavao.
20. A.n
a
ipkacao
naava
ibajap`ik`yaocao AaOYaQa ,p`maaNa va ik`yaa
17 Bau[-
mauga
1 ik.ga`^.ibayaaNyaasa 5 ga`^ma qaayarma ikMvaa 2 ga`^ma
kaba-onD^iJama ikMvaa 3ga`^ma T/ayakaoDmaa- jaOivak
baurSaInaaSak caaoLavao.va naMtr 1 ik.ga`^ma ibayaaNyaasa
25 ga`^ma rayaJaaoibayama AiQak 25 ga`^ma sfurd
ivarGaLivaNaaro jaIvaaNau saMvaQa-na caaoLavao va baI
saavalaIt saukvauna poravao.
18 krD[- baurSaI janya raogaacyaa inayaM~aNaasaazI 2.5 ga`^ma
qaayarama ikMvaa baavaIsTIna ,ikMvaa k^PTna caaoLavao.
tsaoca hvaotIla na~acyaa isqarIkrNaasaazI A^JaoTaoba^@Tr
Aqavaa A^JaaoisprIlaIyama AiQak pI.esa.baI.250 ga`^ma 10 to
15 ik.ga`^ma ibayaaNyaasa caaoLavao.
19 saaoyaab
aIna
baurSaI janya raogaacyaa inayaM~aNaasaazI 2.5 ga`^ma
kabao-nDiJama ikMvaa 5 ga`^ma T/ayakaoDmaa- caaoLavao.
20 sauya-
fula
mar raogaacyaa inayaM~NaasaazI 2 to 2.5 ga`^ma qaayarma
va kovaDa raogacyaa inayaM~NaasaazI 6 ga`^ma A^p`a^na 35
ibajap`ik`yaosaazI
gaLIt Qaanya ipko va AaOYaQao
21. ibajap`ik`yaosaazI
nagadI ipko va AaOYaQao
A.
na
ipkacao
naava
ibajap`ik`yaocao AaOYaQa ,p`maaNa va ik`yaa
22 }sa baoNao laagavaDIpuvaI- 100 ila.paNaI + 300
ima.laI.ma^laoiqaAa^na + 100 ga`^ma baavaIisTnacaI 10
imanaITasaazI baoNao p`ik`yaa kravaI %yaamauLo
baurSaIjanya raoga va Kvalao kIDIcaa baMdaobast
haotao.tsaoca A^JaoTaoba^@Tr AaiNa sfurd
ivarGaLivaNaaro ijavaaNau p`maaNa Anauk`mao 10 iklaao
AaiNa 1.25 iklaao p`it 100 ila.paNyaata imasaLuna kolaolyaa
d`avaNaat }saacyaa iTp¹yaa 30 imanaITo bauDvauna
laagavaD kravaI.yaamauLo na~amaQyao 50% tr sfurdcyaa
maa~ot 25% bacat haoto.23 kapusa 1.mar va krpa raogaacyaa inayaM~NaasaazI 1 ik.ga`^ma
ibayaaNyaasa 3 ga`^ma qaayarma caaoLavao
2.hvaotIla na~acyaa isqarIkrNaasaazI 1 ik.ga`^ma
ibayaaNyaasa 25 ga`^ma A^JaoTaoba^@Tr ikMvaa
A^JaaoisprIlaIyama caI p`ik`yaa kravaI.
3.kapsaacyaa ipkacaI porNaI saulaBa haoNyaasaazI
22. jyaa ibayaaMcao Aakar lahana Asatat %yaa
ibayaaMcaI porNaI saulaBa haoNyaasaazI
%yaamaQyao lahana AakaracaI vaaLu ikMvaa
maatI ima@sa k$na porNaI kolaI jaato ]
da.raLo ,maaohrI ,tMbaaKu [.
[tr mah%vaacyaa
ibajap`ik`yaa
23. ibajap`ik`yaa krtanaa GyaavayaacaI
kaLjaI
ijavaaNau KtacaI ibajap`ik`yaa kolyaanaMtr %yaa
ibayaaMvar rasaayainak AaOYaQaaMcaI ibajap`ik`yaa
k$ nayao.
rasaayainak AaOYaQaaMcaI ibajap`ik`yaa krtanaa
puZIla kaLjaI GyaavaI.
1. hatamaQyao hatmaaojao Gaalaavaot.
2.taoMDavar $maala baaMQaavaa.
3.DaoLyaavar caYmaa vaapravaa.
4.ibajap`ik`yaa krtanaa kaoNa%yaahI
p`karcyaa Annaacao saovana k$ nayao.
ibajap`ik`yaa kolyaanaMtr ibayaaNao saavalaIt
![ibajap`ik`yaa
• ibajap`ik`yaa kolyaamauLo ibayaaNyaaMcaI ]
gavaNaxamata vaaZto ,
• ipkacaI raoga p`tIkarSa@tI vaaZto
• ipkacyaa ]%padnaat maaozyaa p`maaNaavar vaaZ haoto.
• ]%padIt maalaacaI p`tvaarI hI maaozyaa p`maaNaat
caaMgalaI Asato.
“Sauw ibajaapaoTI fLo
rsaaL gaaomaTI”
ibayaaNyaaMnaa porNaI puvaI- jaI p`ik`yaa kolaI
jaato %yaasa ibajap`ik`yaa Asao mhNatat.
mhNauna porNaI puvaI- sava-ca ibayaaMnaa
AaOYaQaacaI p`ik`yaa kolaI tr maaozyaa p`maaNaavar ]
%padnaat vaaZ hao[la.
mhNauna porNaI puvaI- sava-ca ibayaaMnaa
AaOYaQaacaI p`ik`yaa kolaI tr maaozyaa p`maaNaavar ]
%padnaat vaaZ hao[la.](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)