Textiles In Aircraft by Vignesh Dhanabalan, Published in Asian Textile Journal March 2014

VIGNESH DHANABALAN
Vignesh Dhanabalan -
vigneshdhanabalan@hotmail.com

Safety
Reduce the total weight
Enhance the comfort
and aesthetics
properties
Provide advanced
insulation
Resistance to water, fuels,
extremes of temperature
Easy maintenance
20-50% less weight

•Nylon tire cord
•Seat belt webbing
•Airbags
•Car body covers
•Seat upholstery/fabric
•Carpets
•Headliners
•Insulation felts (NVH components)
•Sun visors / sun blinds
•Helmets
•Airline disposables
•Dooms
•Rotor blade
•Wings
•Fuel tanks
•Circuit board
•Webbings for aircrafts
•Aircraft upholstery
•Parachutes
•Space shuttles
•Space suits
•ETC

In 2006, Boeing 787 consisted of 50 % by weight and 80 % by volume carbon fiber- that
was a textile plane

KEVLAR
GLASS
POLY FIBER
CARBON
BORON FIBER
STEEL
ACRYLIC
NYLON 6 -6,6
POLYESTER
• Polyurethane
• Vinyl ester
• Epoxy
• Phenolic
• PEEK

Carbon/epoxy (CFRP) – used as a primary structural and skin material.
Kevlar/epoxy – mostly used in military applications, in primary structures and amour
plating.
Glass fibre - used as a structural and skin material (on amateur-built and aircraft).
Glass/phenolic (GFRP) – used in interior fittings, furnishings and structures.
Boron/epoxy – used in composite repair patches, older composite structures.
Poly-Fiber can be rejuvenated after years of weathering. Poly-Fiber is the only all-VINYL
system which bonds extremely well to polyester fabrics and remains flexible when it dries
and does not support combustion
Carbon fiber burn results

Ram – Radar Absorbent Material
Multistate radar
Lockheed Have Blue technology - evade radar detection - -surface
to air missile (SAM) and anit aircraft artillery(AAA)
Automatic target recognition
Bird Of Prey– CAMOUFLAGE
And many more

The material had a layered structure and was based
on graphite particles and other semi conductive materials embedded
in a rubber matrix.
It used a carbon-impregnated plywood that would have made it very
stealthy to Britain's primitive radar of the time. It is unknown if the
carbon was incorporated for stealth reasons or because of Germany's
metal shortage.
A related type of RAM consists of Neoprene polymer sheets with
ferrite grains or carbon black particles (containing about 30% of
crystalline graphite) embedded in the polymer matrix. The tiles were
used on early versions of the F-117A Nighthawk,

Rather than smooth aerodynamic lines, Have Blue adopted an angular,
faceted shape to deflect electromagnetic waves and lower its radar
signature.
Aided by a fly-by-wire control system to rectify its aerodynamic instability,
the F-117A Nighthawk, known as the Stealth Fighter.

Better deflection is achieved with curved surfaces .
Plastic and Fiber-glass are less reflective or indeed transparent to Radar
Neoprene.

The load rating for the aircraft tire is 13,000 pounds compared to the automotive tire with
835 pounds
Aircraft tyre is normally inflated 300 psi where the car tyre is inflated to 32 Psi
aircraft tyre 275 mph ,car tyre is rated to 100 mph
A380 maximum takeoff weight: 560 tons
Load on one main landing wheel: 260.68 kN
Tire inflation pressures: 15 and 17 bars
NYLON BASED

Subjected to Aero dynamic, inertial and
centrifugal forces
Acts to Flap wise, cord wise ,Axial And torsional load.
Air thrust produced varies from 90 N to 569KN
Carbon fiber fatigue failure replaced with Boron fiber
Aluminum alloy, graphite composite, or titanium spar
Aluminum pocket and skin with honeycomb core or
cross-ply fiber glass exterior
Aluminum failing near 40,000 cycles and the
composite blade exceeding 500,000cycles without failure

Broken parts of rotor blade can act as projectile and from External impact
woven structure
Material – Ballistic Nylon, Kevlar, glass fiber tape,
metal resin and aromatic polyamides
High coefficient of friction between fiber strands.
Composite layers preferred at 30 degrees
Carbon/epoxy composite structures susceptible
to low-impact damage

Petro-Shield
 U.S. military specification MIL-T-52983D, MIL-T-52983E,
 MIL-T-52983F, MIL-T-52983G, ATPD2266 and
 MIL-PRF-32233 for fuel tanks.
 suitable for carrying kerosene, diesel and fuels with
less than 40% aromatic content.
 12 liters per second
 Tensile Strength 2000 lb (8.90 KN) Tear Strength 350 lb (1.56 KN)
 Puncture Strength 400 lb (1.78 KN) Seam Strength 2000 lb (8.90 KN)
Weight savings about approximately 300 kilogram each flight corresponding in 30 000 EUR
savings for each Boeing 757-200 aircraft per year
Easy store fabric fuel tanks

The balloon envelopes are made of special
high tenacity fire resistant material called
rip-stop nylon 6.6 fabric with tough ,
durable coatings for heat and air retention
UV ,Heat, Abrasion resistance
Strength, light-weight, Longevity

Boron/Epoxy composite straps developed by the US Sandia National
Laboratories to repair fatigued cabin and cargo door corners on the L-1011 and
DC10
Lightweight Carpets-Lantal Textiles-880 g/sqm.
An armored cockpit –Dyneema Application Fiber type
Seat cover slit sheet Nylon
Door trim panel padding Polyester
Airbag and headlines Nylon
Trunk cover PVC coated
Interior carpet Nylon
Tire cords PET, glass, nylon-6,
Polyester, etc
Shelf panel cover Polypropylene
Hood panel insulator Glass

Technical textile-
16.7 million tones
in 2000 with the
value of
US $ 92.88 billions
2010 to 23.77 million
tones worth of US $
127 billions

The Future of Textile Composites in Aerospace is very high With ever
increasing fuel costs and environmental lobbying, commercial flying is
under sustained pressure to improve performance, and weight reduction is
a key factor in the equation. The aircraft construction business ensures that
any opportunity to reduce operating costs is explored and exploited
wherever possible.
Competition exists in the military too, with continuous pressure to increase
payload and range, flight performance characteristics and 'survivability', not
only of airplanes, but of missiles, too.

VIGNESH DHANABALAN
12M.TECH13
Vignesh Dhanabalan - vigneshdhanabalan@hotmail.com

Textiles In Aircraft by Vignesh Dhanabalan, Published in Asian Textile Journal March 2014

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Textiles In Aircraft by Vignesh Dhanabalan, Published in Asian Textile Journal March 2014