1.
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2.
Gontents
lntroduction
to loglistics
Settingthescene
fobsintogistics
Regularactivities
Logisticsacronyms
Productranges
3PLproviders
Value-addedservices
Inventorymanagement
Continuousreplenishment
Jobadvertisements
Transportandhandtingequipment
Containertypes
Typesofgoods
Transportoptions
Measurements
Quotations
Markings
Loading
Adviceofshipment
Shippinginstructions
Handlingequipment
Warehouseareas
lYareftousingtoday
DocumenGinfureigntnde
lmportinstructions
Paymentmethods
Describingjobs
Talkingaboutregularactivities
Sellingservices
Explainingonlineservices
Thepassive
Givingandaskingforopinions
Makingsuggestions
Agreeing
Adjectives
Makingcomparisons
Describingfeatures
Makingenquiriesandrequests
Advisingandofferingalternatives
Numbers,dimensions,andweight
Explaininghowto dosomething
Prepositions
Tatkingaboutshippingproblems
Thepassivewithmodals
Tatkingaboutimprovements
Describinga process
Apotogizing
by anduntil
Handlingpayments
Deatingwithmistakes
I
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20
28
53
*g
69 lestyourseff!
7t Partner Files
73 Answe*key
82 Transcripts
88 Ueefulphrasesandvocahlary
97 Glossary of acronyms and abireviations
92 l-Zword list
94 Weigms aBdmeaaures qDnversionchart
72
I
*O"t* services
Inventory
managcmentand
procurement
Modesaf
transprt
PlanninE!and
a]langing
transport
Shippingl€loods
Warehousing
and stofage
Documentation
andfinance

3.
Aboutthe book
EnglishforLogisticshasbeendevelopedspecificallyforpeoplewhoworkinthe
logisticsindustryandwhoneedEnglishto communicateina varietyofsituationswith
colleagues,clients,andbusinesspartners.lt suppliesyouwiththetargetvocabulary
andcommonlyusedexpressionsthatareessentiaIto communicationwhetheryouwork
fora shippingagent,a customsbroker,ora freightforwarder.
Englishfor loglstirs coversa rangeofsubjectsassociatedwiththelogisticsindustry.
Learnersin management-leveIpositionswiltfindtheirneedscateredfor,justasmuch
asthoseinwarehousingoradministration.Unitsfromthebookworkindependentlyand
canbeselectedaccordingtotheneedsandinterestsofthecourseparticipants.Engllsh
forLogistic isalsoidealforself-study.
Eachunitbeginswitha Startar,whichconsistsofa shortexerciseora quizand
servesasanintroductionto thetopicoftheunit.Practicalexercises,listeningextracts,
industry-specifictextsaswellasphotosandil[ustrationshelpyouto acquirekey
vocabularyandexpressions.Realisticrole-playsgiveyoutheopportunityto putatlyou
havelearnedintopractice.EachunitcloseswithanOutputactivity,anarticlerelated
to thetopicoftheunitfotlowedbyquestionsforreflectionanddiscussion.Finatlythe
bookfinishesupwitha funquizto Testyourself!onsomeofthefactsandfigures
discussedoverthepreviouseightunits.
TheiluttiR0ll containsallthe Listenirgextractsfromthebook.Thesecanbeptayed
throughtheaudioplayeronyourcomputer,orthroughaconventionalCDplayer.Inorder
to giveyourselfextralisteningpractice,listento it in yourcar.TheInteractiveexercises
letyoureviewyourlearningbydoingUsefulphrases,VocabularyandCommunlcatlon
exercisesonyourcomputer.Thiswillbeparticularlyvaluableif youareusingthebook
forself-study.
lntheappendixof fnglis} for LogistitsyouwillfindthePartnerfiles fortherote-plays
andtheAns*erkaysothatyoucancheckyourownanswersif youareworkingalone.
Thereare alsoTran*ripts of the listeningextracts,an A-Zwordlist, and a list of
Usefulphrasesandvotabulary.Finatly,we haveinctudeda Glossaryofacronymsand
abbreviationsand a Welghtsandmeasuresconversionchart; thesecanbe usedas
handyreferencesatwork.

4.
ls
lntroductionto logistics
I
Makea list of al[ thedifferentareasof logistlcsyou canthink of bycompletingthediagram
helow.
Fivepeoplegivetheir definitionol logistics.Conrpletetlresentencesusingthe wordsfrom
the box.
provide. storage. supportr distribution. deliveryo maintenance
Logisticsmeansthatyoumanagetheprocurementandmovementof goodsandthe
of inventorv.
z lt meansthe ofthegoodsthecustomerneedsattherighttime,inthe
rightplace,andoftherightquatity.
3 Mydefinitionof logisticsisthis:it'sto plan,organize,andmanageoperationsthat
servicesandgoods.
4 Logistics- that'sthepurchasing,maintenance,
materialandstaff.
andreotacementof
5 Logisticsistheptanningand
AUDIO
,',it't
4:.1
inventory,transport,procurement,
Listento theracardinga*d checkyour
suppty,and
'answer5.
of operationssuchaswarehousing,

5.
6 | UNIT1 Introductionto logistics
:
2 Gompletethe foltowing table using the wordsfrom ejxerciseI
Noun
storage
distribution
l6 itomaintain
, ''-'.:'
8i
transoortation
purchasing
3 ilowcompletethesentenceswiththecorrectformofthewordsfromthetable.
7
2
?
4
6
ln myiob I overseethe of vehiclesandmachinery.
Dotheyalso parcelsandpackagesonSundays?
Goodsarenormallyboughtinthe department.
We a z4-hourdeliveryservice.
Thiscompanyonly
We
goodsby road.
thewarehouse.allourgoodsin
4 iiatch thedefinitions(a-f)withthewords(r-6) betow.
r carrier
z freightforwarder
3 supplier
4 haulagecontractor/haulier
5 courier
6 consignee
n
n
n
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T
l

6.
UNIT1 Introductionto logistics| 7
companywhichcarriesgoodsbyroad
personor firmnamedin a freightcontractto whomgoodshavebeenshippedorturnedoverfor
care
companythatspecializesin thespeedyandsecuredeliveryof sma[[goodsandpackages
companythattransportsor conveysgoods
companywhichsuppliespartsorservicesto anothercompany;alsocalledvendor
personor businessthatarrangesdocumentationandtravelfacilitiesforcompaniesdispatching
goodsto customers
5 Listentothreepeopledescribingtheiriobsintogistics:awarehousemanager,afreight
forwarder,andashippingoperationsmanager.lllatcheachiobtothecorrectperson.
l{ow tisten againandcompletethe sentences.
Personr
1 Myjob isto thetransportof goodseitherbysea,air,road,or rail.
z Animportantpartof thejobis withcustomerrequestsaboutthemost
suitablemodeoftransport.
3 Myresponsibilitiesalsoinclude
andtransportcompanies.
goodshippingrateswithshippinglines
4l customsclearanceon behatfof myclients.
Personz
5 InmyjobI haveto thatthecargoisnotdamagedonboardtheshipor
whileloadingor unloading.
6l customersonshippingratesandpreparequotationsforoursalesoffice.
Person3
7 Anotherpartof myjob isto withdepartmentssuchastransportand
production.
8 Apartfromthat,I thatvehicles,machines,andanyotherkindof
b
c
d
e
f
AUDIO
a3
5
equipmentaremaintainedto a highlevet.

7.
8 | UNIT1 Introductionto togistics
:
7 ilatch theverbs(r-a) withtheactivities(a-h)tomakephrasesfromtherecordings.Thentisten
againtocheckif necessary.
r book
z consolidate
3 deal
4 keep
5 make
6 use
7 check
8 takecare
a a numberof shipmentsunderonebil[of lading
b bookingreservations
c thathealthandsafetystandardsaremaintained
d moderncomputersystems
e spaceon a ship,train,lorry,or plane
f whereto putthemin thewarehouse
g aneyeonthebudget
h withallthenecessarydocumentation
I Workwith a partnerto descrtbetwo different jobs. Thephrasesin the bor wilt helpyou.
T
tr
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T
TI
PartnerA til€ or, p. 7r
PartnerB Fileo9, p.7zLi
Questions
Whatdo you do?
What'syour line of work?
Whatdoesyouriob involve?
Descrlbingjobs
I workfor a majorshippingcompqny.
I workin the regionoldepot.
Describingresponsibilities
I'm responsiblefor ...
ln myjob I haveto ...
Myjob involves...
Remember...
Youworkfor or of a company.
Youworkin an areaor a department.
Youareresponsiblefor or in chargeof something.
Herearesomeusefulverbsfordescribingkeyjob responsibilities:
to advise
to prepare
to train
to manoge
to estimate
to monitor
to carryout
to oversee
to provideor supply
to ensure
to review
to liaise with
to orgonize

8.
UNIT1 Introductionto logistics| 9
9 Replacetheunderlinedverbswithwordsfromtheboxthathavethesamemeanlng.
' ' .: :. .,,,..:,':.,,:,'r:1,].],,,.,,...,.. .. . .:i,,,,'.,r,,:::,::,1ili:]::ll.:,,1:l,l:: :. l
provide. train . organize. ensure. informabout . check
r Wesupplvsoftwareforthecarindustry.
z I oftenadviseclientsonthemostsuitabletransportmethod.
3 Inmyjob I haveto makesurethatpassengersarriveonschedule.
4 Myjobisto superviseincominggoods.
5 | alsoplanthetransportofgoods.
6 | instructstaff.
1O Comptetetheformwith yourownjob detaits.Usecompletesentencesandexpressionsfrom
this unit.
Jobprofile:
Company:
Jobtitte:
Mainresponsibilities:
I worKfor
3-5 keyactivities:
TAIKIl{GABOUTREGULARACTIVITIES
WhentatkingaboutgeneraIfactsanddescribingwhatwenormaltydo,
we usethepresentsimple.lt is oftenusedwithwordsthatsayhow
oftensomethinghappens,e.g.usually,often,always,sometimes,every,
etc.Weusetheverbdoto makequestionsandnegativestatements:
I workfor on internationallogisticscompany.
Heusuollyspendsa lot of time with hiscustomers.
DoyoushipgoodstoAsia?
Hedoesn'tworkin the Europeanoffice.

9.
10 Jl- 1 Introductionto Loeistics
11 putthewordsintherightorder.Usethecorrectformoftheverb.
1 anexceltent/ provide/ deliveryservice/ mycompany.
2 you/ howmuch/ handleI cargo/ peryear?
3 to othercountries/ notship/ we/ chemicalproducts.
4 responsiblefor/ be/ thewarehousemanagerI alsolvehiclesandmachinery.
5 to foreigncompanies/ carparts/ thisvendor/ suppty?
6 usually/ arrange/ forcompanies/ a freightforwarder/ documentation.
1 2 Workwith a partner.Followthestepsbelowto practisethisdiatogue.
A AskBwhathe/shedoes.
B Respond.TetlA whereyouwork.
A AskBto giveyousomedetailsaboutthejob.
B TettA aboutyourmainjobactivities.ThenaskA abouthis/herjob.
A Respond.Describeyourjobactivities.
1J Completethecrcsswordpuzzlewith wordsfromthis unit.
Across
4 Anotherwordforfreight.
5 Whatyoustoreinthewarehouse.
6 Workcloselytogetherwithsomebody.
Down
r Anotherwordfororganize.
z Togiveinformationabouttheprice.
3 Anotherwordforsupervise.
5 Sendgoods.
tr
T
T
T

10.
UNIT1 Introductionto logistics| 11
Readthis articleandanswerthe questions.
CHINA'SBOOMINGEXPORTBUSINESS
China'seconomyis developing
at a rapidpacewithdouble-digit
growthratesinexportbusiness
andanexpectedincreaseof40 per
centby2O7O.Withanestimated
tradevolumeof nearly2 trillionUS
dollarsin20O6,Chinahandles
morecargothananyothercountry
intheworld.Giventhesegrowth
rates,it is notsurprisingthatthe
Chineselogisticssectorincreased
bymorethan12 percentlastyear.
Inorderto supportthe booming
industry,thegovernmentis
currentlyinvestingmassivelyin
thecountry'sinfrastructure.Over
the nextfewyears,theChinese
governmentwantsto improveand
extendtheexistingroadandrailway
networksaswellas maritime
harboursandairoorts.
Fortransportlogistics,Shanghaiis oneofthe mostattractivelocationsinChina.lt
isthesecondlargestcityinthecountryandhasgoodlinksto the mostimportant
industrialregions.AndShanghaiis alsoa modernandwelcominghostforvisitors
andbusinesspeoplefromChinaandaroundtheworld.
1 Doyouknowanyothercountrieswithconsiderableexportgrowthrates?
Howdoeslogisticsplayanimportantrotein a country'seconomy?
Whatdoyouknowaboutthelogisticsindustryinyourcountry?

11.
L2l
Logistics services
Logisticsuseslots of acronyms.Howmanydoyou know?Testyourselfbywriting theseonesout.
r FCL
z 3PL
3 HGV
4DC
5 LCL
6 EDI
7 VAS
8 RFID
9 lS0
ro GPS
ilatch thewords(r-8) with theirdefinitions (a-h) betow.
1 transshipment
z break-bulk
3 cross-docking
4 orderpicking
5 reversetogistics
6 trackingandtracing
7 warehousing
8 collection
a directflowof goodsfromreceiptat warehouseto shipping,bypassingstorage
b collectingandhandlingof usedordamagedgoodsor of reusabletransitequipment
c loadinggoodsfromonemeansof carriageontoanother
d setectingandassemblingitemsfromstockforshipments
e packinggoodsinsmall,separableunits
f pickingupgoodsat a namedplace
g receivingandstoringgoods
h locatingitemsintransit
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12.
UNIT2 Logisticsservices| 13
Lookatthesewordsfromexerciser anduseyourdictionary(if necessary)tocompletethetabte.
Verb Noun
7
2
3
4
5
AUDIO
tr
t:r 3 Listentothreelogisticsproviderspresentingtheirservices.Completethetabte.
specializesin transportmodeused
Providerr (GFTGtobalCarrier)
Providerz (HomeTexInternational)
Provider3 (CargoExpress)
Listento the recordingagalnandcompletethesentences.
providerr 5[ippin$,lines;. fleetof vehicles. aircarriersr transportcompanies
o documentation
r Weareoneofthewortd'sleading
containersperyear.
witha freightvolumeof 6oo,ooo
zWecanofferourcuStomerscompetitiverateSwithattmajor-.
2
receive
carry
equipment
assembly
location
4
3 Witha modern wecanensurefast,safedeliveryof yourconsignments.

13.
:.
4 0urservicesincludeorderpicking,packing,distribution,andhandlingof alltransport
5 CargoExpressisAsia'sleading of airfreightservices.
6 Weworkctoselvwith aroundtheworldforthefastestdelivervavailabte.
8 5 Completethesentenceswithwordsfromthebox.
5
happyo provide. range. specialize. major. ensureo customized
r Asa
competitiverateswithallmaiorshippinglines.
zWe
consolidatedloads(LCL).
3 Asa specialistin hometextites,wecanofferourclients
non-vesseloperatingcommoncarrier,wecanofferourcustomers
in solutionsforfullcontainertoads(FCL)andlessthancontainer
servicesto meet
theirneeds.
4 Ourteamwi[[be to assistyouin all mattersregardingyourorder.
5 Wecan youwithtailor-madesolutionsforyourairtransportrequirements.
6 Wectoselyco-operatewithaircarriersaroundtheworldandcanofferourcustomersa wide
of flexibleandcost-effectiveservices.
l{ow listen and check your answets.
sELuNGyouRcompAly'sloosrrg: sERvtc_Esro rHEcusromER _
Whendescribinga company'sservicesor portfolio,we oftenusethefottowingexpressions:
Wecanofferyou a widerangeof ... I
Wecanprovide(youwith) customized/tailor-madelogisticssolutionsfor ...
Wespecializein ...
As a specialistfor/in ...wecan...
Withour manyyearsof experience...
Wehaveexperienceandexpertisein providing...
Ourteamwillbe happyto handle/assistyou... i
Withour dedicatedteomof logisticsexpertswecan...
O Completethelistwithyourowncompany'sservices.Thenpresentit toyourpartnerusing
phrasesfromthis unit.
1 rangeof productsorservices
z specialistin
3 experience
4 extraservicesforcustomers
Parln€rA F;te02, p.7x
PartnerB Fiteto, p.72
7 Presentthecompany'sseryicegtoyourpartner.llsephrasesfromthisunit.

14.
UNiT2 Logisticsservices
Readthefoilowingtext fromalogisticscompanymagazineaboutnewtrendsin third-party
logistics.Thenlabelthe paragraphswith thecorrectheadingsfromthe list.
Today'sroleof major,providers. Changinglogisticsrequirementsformanufacturers
r 3PLinthepast. Newchattengesfor3PL. Changein logisticsconceprs
Recenttrendsin3P[
lrs
I
Untila fewyearsago,companiesused
to outsourceonlypartsoftheirlogistics
operationsto providersspecializing
in servicessuchasdistributionor
warehousing.A singlecompanysometimes
hadseveraIthird-party[ogisticsproviders
(rPLs).
Theglobatizationof tradeandincreasing
demandforservices,however,hasledto
a drasticshiftin logisticsconceptsand
managementwithanimpacton both
producersandlogisticsproviders.
Asfarasmanufacturersareconcerned.
logisticsmanagementhasbecomea lot
morecomplex.Bynow,manyof themhave
learnedthatoutsourcingsinglesegments
to differentprovidershasnotreallymade
theirlogisticsoperationsmoreefficient.
Thatiswhytheyarelookingforproviders
whocanprovidea higherlevelof service
andmorecomprehensivesupplychain
solutions.
For3PLsallovertheworld,requirements
keepgettingmoredemandingwith
customersaskingfora widerrangeof
logisticssolutions.Apartfromthat,
logisticsproviderstodayarefacingan
increasingtytoughandhighlycompetitive
market.Inrecentyears,growingpressure
on priceshasledto a decreasein profit
margins.Inorderto compensatefor
this,manythird-partylogisticsproviders
nowoffervalue-addedservicesfortheir
customers.Dueto fiercecompetitionin the
3PLmarket,however,expertspredictthat
onlythebiginternationalplayerswittbe
ableto workprofitablyin thefuture.
Thebiggtobatplayers,alsocaltedsuper-
3PLs,canprovidetheircustomerswith
comprehensivesupplychainorend-to-end
solutions.Theseservicesusuallyinclude
forwarding,transportation,consolidation,
customsbrokerage,warehousing,and
distribution,aswellasa rangeof value-
addedservices.

15.
16 | UNIT2 Logisticsservices
l{owsaywhichofthesestatementsaretrue E or fabeE.
r Inthepast,companiesusedto outsourceonlysegmentsoftheirlogisticsoperations.
z Manufacturersfoundoutthatoutsourcingto 3PLprovidersis notefficient.
3 Inthepastfewyearsmany3PLprovidershaveincreasedtheirprofitmargins.
4 Customerstodayaredemandingmorecomplexlogisticssolutions.
5 Super-3PLsprovidecomprehensivesolutionsto logisticsproblems.
1O matctrthewords(r-6)fromthetextwiththecorrectdetinition(a-f).
r outsourcing
z comprehensive
3 consolidation
4 requirements
5 demand
6 competition
a includinga widerangeofservices
b detailsof whatisexpectedandneeded
c contractingfunctionsoutto third-partyproviders
d theneedforparticulargoodsorservices
e companiestryingto se[[thesameorsimilarproductsto customers
f thegroupingof smallshipmentsintoonecontainer
11 Lookatthethreewebsiteadvertisementsforvalue-addedservices.Thencomptetethetable.
en6
a.&f
MaxwellExpressLogistics
Warehousingisjustoneoftheintegratedlogisticsservicesweprovide.Herearesome
value-addedserviceswecanoffer:
9
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Pickandpack
Literaturefulfilment
Returnsprocessing
Creditprocessing ...andmuchmore!
*9-"9-9***
@'& t
SichuanInternationalLogistics
Ourlogisticsteamat SichuanInternationalLogisticshastheexperienceandexpertiseto
provideourcustomerswithvalue-addedservicesthatcomplementtheirbasicwarehouse
ooerations.Ourservicesinclude:
Kitting
Import/exportcargocustomsclearance
Packagingservices
Exportpackingandcrating

16.
UNIT2 Logisticsservices| 17
*qe9*__"-.*-.-__
<e' A; 6t
- r Lr
GLXWorldwideLogistics
Weprovidevalue-addedserviceswhichcomplementandenhanceall kindsof logistics
operations.Ourservicesgofarbeyondthebasicdistributionandwarehousingservices
usuallyoffered.GLXvalue-addedlogisticsservicesinclude:
Potybaggingandshrink-wrappingBundling/unbundling
Recycling Labelting
payment : documentationr product packing/ otherservices
: assembly packaging
Maxwe[]Express
Logistics
Sichuan
International
Logistics
GLXWortdwide
Logistics
12 tisten to twoshort presertationsahoutonlinelogisticsservices.Thensaywhichof the
statementsaretru€ M or fatseE.
ExpressLogisticsOnlineShipping
r ...helpsyoubookpick-upsandtrackshipments.
2 ...youcanlogon byselectingyourcountry.
3 ...youcancheckshipmentrecordsfor upto 6o days.
IntercargoE-Shipping
4 ...allowsyouto makepriceenquiries.
5 ...youcancancelorders.
6 ...youcandownloadpdfdocuments.
EXPtAtNiltGOt{L|l{ESERVICES
Whendescribingonlinefunctionsor tools,youcanusethefollowing
phrasesandexpressions:
Thepricerequesttool allowsyou to obtainpricesfor shipments.
E-Shipping helps you prepare/print/track/select...onIine.
To..., (jus] sign up/registerfor/og on to ...
Forpricerequests,pleaseuse...
Toaccessshipmentdetails,click...
O!
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rtt'I
t$
Fg
IFr4!
:i
O-i
AUOIO
tr'rty
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17.
18 I UNIT2 Logisticsservices
lJ trtatctrthebeginningsofthesentences{r-6)withtheendings(a-0tomakesentencesfromthe
recording.
r WithQuickOnlineShippingyoucanfind
z Thisonlinetoola[towsyou
3 TouseQOS,simplylogon
4 AfterregisteringwithE-Shipping,youcanmake
5 Youcanalso
6 Witha mouseclickvoucanalso
a to planshipments,bookcollectionsanddeliveries.
b pricerequests,scheduletransport,andobtainreal-timeshipmentinformation.
c trackpick-upsanddeliveries.
d downloadcommercialdocumentsin pdfformat.
e byselectingyourtownor regionfromthedrop-downmenuontheleft.
f therightserviceto suityourshippingneeds.
1/1 fnree peopledescribehowlT haschangedtheir iobs.Comptetetheir statements$tithwordsfrom
the box.
RFID. enter o track o mobilephone. device . digitat . GPS-basedr tag
r Customer
Trackingshipmentsisa loteasierwithSMS-FastTrack.NowI canusemy
to findoutwheremyshipmentis.I justhaveto myairwaybittnumber
on mymobileandwaita fewseconds.ThenI geta replywiththedetailsof myconsignment's
currentstatus.lt'ssucha greatidea!
z Truckdriver
Allourtrucksareequippedwitha : trucksupportsystemnow.Forme
that'sa greathelpasI canalwaysusemapsthatshowmeexactlywhereI amandwhereI have
to go.Obviously,it's alsousefulforthecompany.Theycan . myvehicle
at anytime,seethe routel'mtakingandwhereI makestops.Andwhat'sveryhandyforme
- thesystemalsocomeswitha
problemwhilel'montheroad.
5cameraso I cantakephotosif there'sa
t:
l
tl
i!
Manageratatrailerstorageyard
I workatatraileryardwheretrailersfitledwithpackagedgoodsarekeptuntiltheygooutto
thecustomers.Thesiteisverylargeandwehavefourdifferentareasfortrailerstorage.Untit
thenew 6tagsystemwasintroduced,it couldeasilytakea coupleof
hoursto findthetrailerwewanted.Nowit'sa matterof minutesto locatethevehiclewe're
lookingfor.Atlwe haveto do nowis putthe zon a trailerandusea
mobi[e I to identifiTit. lt reattysavesusa lot of time.

18.
UNIT2 Logisticsservices| 19
A new trocking device for US postol services
An Americoncomponybosed
in Colifornlo hos recently
dc,,ol6np6l n t.nekinn eJgyi6-^
wh ch mcy l'e'p posto{ficesto
improve their services.lt con
be usedto find out moreobout
hold-upsond deioys in postol
operolions.
The smoll trcckei, cclled the
letterInar-' .e. 'he Clobcl
PositioningSysiem (GPS) 1o
store informotion obout on
rtem'spositionin tronsit.Similor
deviceshovebeenusedinIhepositotrocl.expensivecons-rrergoodslikecorsb-tuniilnownone
ofthesesystemswossmollenoughtotrovelinonenvelope.
Nowfhot'sollchonged.Aswellosfittingintoo USstcndord-sizebusinessletter,theGPSLetterLogger
olsomeetsotherposto'equiremenis:irisbendobleord oblelo w;t^stondroughhondlingThisis
porticulorlyimportonlostheenvelopesorethrowninlosocks,thentronsporledbyvonfooutomotic
sortinglocotionswheretheyrunthroughhighspeedshufflingsystems.
Thetrockeritsef doesnottronsmitltspositionduringtronsit,butstoreslheiourney1ogono memory
cordwh;c[conbereodbvo loptopcompLter.TheGPSdevceotfe'sseverolp'ogrommingoplo^s
rongingfromcheckingilspositioneveryfewminutestocheckingonlywhenonthemove.
TheLefferLoggerdoesnothelp,however,iffheenvelopeccrryingildoesnolorriveoi itsdestinotion
withinobouisevendovs,osthebottervrunsflotofterobouto week.
t#F't€==:.+.xw[Nfl *<.=<-44€$F.*.+=#y$ft !wNw@#ez@2,:::.-..:.---.
@
1 Haveyoueverexperienceddelaysin postalserviceswhensendingor receivingletters?
2 Doyouthinkthisdeviceshouldbeusedinyourhomecountry'spostalservice?
3 Doyouknowanyotherusefuletectronicdevicesin logisticsandtransport?

19.
lnventory managementand procurement
Checkyourknowledgeofkeytermsininventorymanagementandprocurementbychooslngthe
bestdefinitionsfortheseterms.
Economiesof scale:
a Reducingcostsperunitbyincreasing
production
b Cuttingcostsby reducingoutput
Bufferstock:
a Goodskeptin storeto coverseasonal
demande.g.Christmassale
b Goodskeptin storeto coverunforeseen
shortagesor fluctuationsin demand
Factorygatepricing:
a Transportcostsarenotincludedin the
purchasepriceofa product
b Thepriceis lowerbecauseyoubuydirectlyfromthemanufacturer
4 Supplychain:
a Thecloseco-operationof allpartiesinvolvedin themaking,selling,anddeliveringof
a product
b Networkofstoresthatsupptycustomerswitha widevarietyof products
5 Tender:
a Anassessmentor calcutationof theapproximatecostor valueof a productorservice
b Anofferforgoodsorservicesthatfollowsa requestfora quotationmadebyanofficial
body,e.g.localgovernment
llatch the beginningsof the sentences(r-6) with theendings(a-f) to makedefinitionsof more
keyterms.
r Leadtimeisthetime
z Procurementis
3 A retaileris a business
I Customerordercycletimeisthetime
5 A wholesaleris
6 JIT- justin timeis a concept
n
I
n
n
T
n

20.
AUDIO
fl
{v
7
2
UNIT3 InventorymanagementandprocurementI 21
a customersarepreparedto waitforthedeliveryoftheirorder.
b of reducinginventoriesbyco-ordinatingthedetiveryof materiatsjustbeforetheyareneeded.
c it takesto produceandsupplya product.
d anintermediarybetweenmanufacturersandretailerswhichbuysin largequantitiesandresells
in smallerquantities.
e thatbuysproductsfromwholesalersor manufacturersandresellsthemto theuttimate
consumer.
f thepurchasingof goods(materials,parts,supplies,equipment)requiredto runanenterprise.
Listento anexpertpresentinganinventorymanagementsystemto the managersof a largeretail
store. Thensaywhichof thestatementsaretrue Z orfakeE.
r TheinventorysystemiscattedCPR.
z ll's a sales-basedsystem.
3 Thesystemco-ordinatestheflowof informationandgoodsinthetogisticchain.
4 YoungFashionhasusedthesystemforsixyearsnow.
5 Ordersareelectronicallytransferredto thewarehouse.
6 Thestorehasreducedtransportandinventorycostsbyabout25percent.
3 Listenagainandcompletethesentenceswith thewordsfromthe box.
'.. .:,r,::,..:.,:tl,,i.i.... . .::.,:lt.r,,:ii::l:ltlli:l:a,l:::ll:.i]]t...
,stockr leadtime9.,,t...,'*trttrnment. processin$:;1;,...f.enerateO. Oatitinit!*gng" .
PointI schedule. invento'ryo retailer 'i r:r:,:r:':r":
7
2
Todayl'mgoingto tellyousomethingaboutCRP,thatmeanscontinuous
l'ltalsoexplainhowit canbeusedto lowerinventoryandoperationalcostsandto shorten
product
Firstof a1[,youdecidewhatproductsyouwantto orderat what
I
I
u
n
l
n
3
4
5
6
8
9
andtransportcostsbyaboutr5%.
10 Moreover.errorsin order
Thesystemwitlusethisinformationatthe
TheleadingRussianclothes
replenishmentthreeyearsago.
Withthenewsvstemallordersare
receivedfromcashregisters.
Theordersaresentto thewarehousebvelectronic
processed.
Ievet.
of saleintheretailstore.
YoungFashionintroducedcontinuous
bycomputers,whichprocessdata
wheretheyare
Andfinattythegoodsaredeliveredto thedifferentouttetsaccordingto a
Sincetheintroductionof theCRPsystem,YoungFashionhavemanagedto cut
scanningtechnologyandEDl.
havebeenreducedconsiderablybyusing

21.
22 I UNIT3 Inventorymanagementandprocurement
THEPASSIVE
Weoftenusethepassivevoiceto describeprocesses,especiallyif wearemoreinterestedin the
actionitselfthaninthepersonwhodoestheaction.lt isformedusingtheverbfo beandthepast
participle(thirdformof theverb).Weusebyat theendof thesentenceto saywhoor whatdoes
theaction.
Thegoodsaredeliveredto a depot.
Theorderisgenerotedby the computer.
4 Putthe processesdescribedin the presentationaboutCRPin thecorrectorder.
1
a Ordersaregeneratedbasedon datareceivedfromcashregister.
b Goodsaredeliveredto theretailoutlet.
c Systemisactivatedat thepointof sale.
d Ordersaresentto thewarehouse.
e Ordersareprocessed.
f Salesinformationistransferredto theCRPcomputersystem.
5 Herearesomemoreinventorymanagemcnttechniques.Gompletethesentenceswith the passive
form of the verbsin brackets.
A systeminwhichtheinventory (monitor),plannedandmanagedbythe
manufactureron behalfofthecustomer(oftena retaiter),
z A svstemwhichissimitarto CRP.lt (use,often)for productsthatneedto
besuppliedfrequentlyandin sma[[batchsizes.
3 lt meansthatorders (transfer)electronicallyto themanufacturer.Then
they (detiver)to theretailstore.
Rea[-timedemand
movement
(identifl/byelectroniccashregisterandtheproduct
(co-ordinate)fromsupplierto theretailstore.
Productsthathavesimilarcharacteristicsregardingtheirsellingprofile
(categorize)into'families'.
?; ".f

22.
6
UNIT3 Inventorymanagementandprocurement| 23
lrlorivmatchthe planningtechniquesbelowwith the definitionsin exercise5.
a DSD= Directstoredelivery
b CM: Categorymanagement
c VMI= Vendor-managedinventory
d CRP: Continuousreplenishment
e QR: Quickresponse
(ompletetheiobadvertisementfor acorporateprocurementmanagerwithwordsfromthebox.
fulfilment. negotiatiop. 3PLproviders. procurement. command. vendors
. supplychain. relationship
v We arelooking for aproactiveanddynamicprofessionalto takecareof our strategic
procurementandsupplier I management.
ReportingtotheDirectorof CorporateProcurement,thesuccessfulapplicantwiil be
responsibleformanagingbothinternalandexternalcustomersandforworkingwiththe
appointed '. While liaisingwith the team,
a,andrelatedstakeholders,you will alsobeinvolvedin providing
businesssupportto optimize finance-logisticsprocesses,order
andlosisticscosts.
Otherresponsibilitiesincludeprovidinginitiativesto helpmarimize companybusiness
profitability andefficiency.
Theidealcandidateshouldhavea desreein manasementor
logisticsmanagementwith a deepunderstandingandknowledgeof theChinalogistics
market.You shouldhaveat least5 years'experiencein amultinationalcompanyandyou
shouldpossessoutstanding skills.Basedin Macau.excellent
of English andCantoneseis amustwith Mandarin anadvantage.
If you areinterestedin this role,pleasesendyour CV in Word format to ...
Readthe iob advertisementagain and answerthe questions.
r Whatareawi[[thenewcorporateprocurement
managerhead?
z Whataretheprocurementmanager'smain
resoonsibilities?Listtwoorthree.
3 Whowiltheishecollaboratewithctosetyin
his/herjob?
4 Whatqualificationsareexpected?
5 Whatkindof experienceis required?
Canyouthink ofotherareaswhichareimportantin
procurement?Discusswith a partner.
f
I

23.
24 | UNIT3 Inventorymanagementandprocurement
9 Threepurchasingmanagersarediscusslngstrategiesfor negotiatingwith asupplier. Listento
thediscussionandanswerthequestions.
r Whatkindof relationshipdo theywantwiththesupplier?
z Whatwouldbethebenefitsof sucha relationship?
3 Whatmarketpositiondoesthecompanyhave?
4 Whatkindof productsdotheymake?
5 Whatkindofagreementaretheyinterestedin?
1O matctrthe beginnings(r-6) with theendings(a-f) of thesentencesfromthediatogue.
r Howdoyou
z I thinkwecould
3 Whatareyour
4 Yes,andI alsosuggestteltingthem
5 Inmyopinionit wouldalsobeimportant
6 Goodidea.Andwhydon'twe
a to pointoutthatwe'reinterestedin establishinga long-termagreement.
b thatthisa goodopportunityto associatewitha brandlikeours.
c feelaboutthat?
d lowercostsconsiderably.
e saythatit'stheirchanceto enterthe pharmaceuticalmarket?
f thoughtsonthat,Gisele?
ASK|t{GFOROPtl{rOr{S
Whatdo youthink?
Howdoyoufeelaboutthat?
Whatareyourthoughtsonthat?
Doyouagree?
Grvr{copn{lotts/rulxlncsuGGEsnoNs
I suggestthatwe ...
Inmyopinionweshould...
, Perhapsweshould...
i Whydon'twe...?
AGREEil{G . ,:
.
i rnurr a goodidea.
I Thatsoundsgood.
I I agree.
, That's right.
AUDIO
tra?
8
n
T
il
n
n
n

24.
UNIT3 Inventorymanagementandprocurement
Youhavereceivedthe foltowingemaiIfromthe purchasingdepartmentin yourcompany.Work
out afewsuggestionsandreplyto this email.
l2s
t!
Dearcolleagues
Wearecurrentlylookingintoallareasofprocurementtoseehowwecanoptimizeprocesses
andsavecosts.
Perhapsyoucouldgetbacktouswithafewsuggestionsregardingpossibleimprovementsin
yourowndepartmentorworkenvironment.
Thanksinadvanceforyourco-operation.
Regards
12 Worhwithapartner:suggestthesepointsandcommentonyourpartner'ssuggestlons,
Fa!tner A, iil€ 03, p.Z1
FartNrerg Fileil, p.?2
1J ASpanishcouriercompanyreceivesaquotationforpackinglabelsandconsignmentnotes.
Putthewordsorphrasesintothecorrectordertomakesentences.Thefirstpartshavebeendone
foryou.
:,# u;;* :.**;.*,u,t'il,'u;*, , ;; +"r*****=**='
3 Asrequested/ palletsto/ wewilldeliveron/ BarcelonaorMadrid.
4 Fora/ wecanofferyouI of2.5o/oI contracttermof/ adiscount/ atleasttwoyears.
5 Intheattached/ allprices/ havebeenlistedin/ yourrequirements/ quotationsheet/
columnsaccordingto.
6 lfyouhave/ meknow/ anyfurtherquestions/ pleaselet.
7 Welook/ hearingfrom/ forwardto/ yousoon.
Luke
,s4S

25.
26 I UNIT3 Inventorymanagementandprocurement
Whengivinga customera quotationit is necessaryto includedetailsona numberof things
e.g.prices,discounts,anddeliveryterms.
HerearesomeusefuIphrasesforquotations:
Prices
Pleasefind aftachedour quotationfor ...
Wearepleasedto quoteasfollows.
Wecanquoteyou a gross/netpriceof ...
Thepricesquotedoboveinclude...
Wecanofferyou a priceof .,.per ...
Discounts
Wecanofferyou too/ooff the retailprice.
Weallow a 2o/ocashdiscountfor paymentwithinjo days.
Ourpricesaresubjectto a z5% tradediscountoff netprice.
Wegrant a trade/quantity/cashdiscountof ...% on our listprices,
lf your orderexceedsz,oooitems,wecanofferyou a furtherrco/odiscount.
Detivery
Deliverycanbe effectedimmediatelyafterrecelptof order.
As requested,we will deliveron palletsto ...
Wewouldbe able to deliverwithin rc daysof receiptof order.
T
u
n
n
r
n
7
2
3
4
5
6
a
b
c
d
e
c
I
1{1 ff atctrthebeginnings(r-6) withtheendings(a-0 ofthesentences.
Forordersexceeding5oopieces,
Wegranta cashdiscount
Thepricesquoted
As requested,we
Ourpricesaresubject
Thenetprice
wi[[detiveron palletsto Rotterdam.
to a z5o/otradediscountoff netprice.
we granta discountof 5o/".
ofthisarticleis fz5.oo.
aboveincludetransportcharges.
of 3%on ourIistprices.
1t eivea customeraguotation by emaitbasedon the following detatls.
GPSsystem'RoadNavigatorTX-z3oo'
price:$9z5.oo
morethanro items:additionalS%discount
priceincludesr5%VAT
deliverywithin6 daysof purchaseorder

26.
UNIT3 Inventorymanagementandprocurement| 27
ostcompaniesandgovernmentstoday
areunderincreasingpressuretooperate
moreefficiently.Andmanyofthemarerealizing
thateffectiveprocurementcanreducecosts,
improveprocessesandincreaseproductivity.
lnthepastfewyearsstrategicsourcinghas
becomeafrequentlyusedapproachinthis
context.
ButwhatisstrategicsourcingJToputit
simply,itmeansthatcompaniesareadopting
anewstrategyforhowtheybuyservicesand
oroducts.
Strategicsourcingisasystematicprocessof
analyzingexpenditures,internalandexternal
influences,andfindingoutwhatkindofsupplierrelationshipsarenecessarytohelp
achievethecompany'sgoals.Beforethecompanydecidestopurchaseaproductor
service,strategicsourcingisusedtoconsiderthetotalcostofaproductoraction,not
justthepricealone.
Inthepast,manypurchasingmanagersneglectedthefactthatlowpurchasecostdoes
notnecessarilymeanlowtotalcost.Ina strategicsourcingprocessothercostsare
examinedaswelle.g.thecostofpurchasing,transport,support,maintenance,and
disoosal.
Leadingcompanieshaverealizedhowmuchtheycanbenefitfromstrategicsourcing,
andmanyhavealreadyachievedimpressivecostreductions.
@
r Whatdoyouthinkofthestrategicsourcingapproach?
z Howaregoodspurchasedinyourcompany?
3 Doyoubuygoodsforthecompany?Whatisthestandardprocedure?

27.
28i
Nlodesof transport
l$atehthepieturesoftransportarndhandlingequipnrent{a-f}with thewords{r-6}.
swap-body
containership
grapplerlift
road-railertrailer
riverbarge
LGV(largegoodsvehicle)
Matchthedifferenttypesoffreighttraffie(r-6) with thedefinitions(a-f).
r multimodaI
z piggyback
3 intermodaI
4 unaccompanied
5 btocktrain
6 single-wagon

28.
o
b
UNIT4 Modesof transportI 29
ThedriverdoesnotstaywithhisroadvehicleduringtransportbyraiIorferry.
Goodsaretransportedinthesameloadingunitorvehicleusingdifferentmodesoftransport.
Thehandtingof thefreightitselfis notnecessarywhenchangingmodes.
A singleshipperusesa wholetrainwhichis rundirectlyfromtheloadingpointto the
destination.Noassembtinganddisassembtingis required.
Carriageof goodsbyat leasttwodifferentmodesof transport,e.g.shippingbymotorlorryand
aircraft.
Trainisformedoutof individualwagonsorsetsofwagonswhichhavedifferentoriginsand
differentdestinations.
Combinesroadandrailtransport:wholemotorlorries,traitersorswap-bodiesarecarriedby
rait.
Twoempleyeesof aforwardingr$mpa*yar€eomparingtranspertmodesfor ashipmentfrocrl
westernChinato Shanghai"Listenandcorrectthe inforrn*tionin the tabte.9
speedin days
cost
flexibitity
inlandwaterways
7
low
high
road
+
comparedwith
barge:6o%higher
veryhigh
rail (expressservice)
comparedwithroad:
4o%higher
low
Cornptet*the sentenceswith theccrrectformof thewordsin braekets.Thenlisten again
to check.
r Howlongwoutdit takebybarge?- Normatlyaboutsixdays,butit oftentakes
_ (tong)if theweather'sbad.
It'scheap- it'sactually (cheap)of allthetransportoptions.
It wouldonlytakefourdaysto shipbytruck,butthecostwoutdbeabout5o%
(high)thanbybarge.

29.
30 | UNIT4 Modesof transport
Railwoulddefinitelybe (fast)thanthetruckoptionif we usetheexpress
servicethattakesthreedays.
Butit wouldalsobe (expensive)thanshippingby road- transportcosts
areabout4o%higher.
5 Andthenperhapswe'dhaveto usethestandardtrain,whichis much
(slow).
Answerthesequestions.
r Whyisthebargeoptionnotveryflexible?
z Whatdotheydecideto do at theendof theirdiscussion?
flflPAn'lSOXS
Whencomparingtwo or morethingswe usecomparativeadjectives.Thecomparativeformis-er
forshortadjectiveswithonesyllable,andtwo-syllableadjectivesendingin-y.
Transportby sea is cheaperthan transport by oir.
Steelis hewier thanpaper.
Weusemore+ adjectivewith longerwords.
Shippinggoods by road is moreexpensivethanshippingthemby rail.
Sometransportmodesaremorerelioble than others.
Someadfectiveshaveirregutarforms.
good/ wetl- better Ourratesarebefrerthan theirs.
bad/ badly- worse Theirserviceis worsethan ours.
far/ further- furthest Thisshipmentwill travelfurther than the lastone.
4 Workin pairs.Comparedifferenttransportmodesuslngsomeoftheadiectiyesinthebox.
Exampla:I thinKshippinggoodsbyrailisfastarthansoatransport.
gPgryiy_g/!! gq_ i 9ir _
i
safe
suitable
reliable
environmentatlyfriendly pipeline

30.
UNIT4 Modesoftransport| 31
F*latchthe pictures(a-d)with the names{r-4}.
1 ganrrycrane
z ISOcontainer
3 reachstacker
a transtainer
O ilowcompletethedesrriptionsof intermodaltransportandhandlingequipmentwith theverbs
fromthe box.
fittedostraddlermounted.loading.attached.reach.handte.piling.made.move
t
A pieceof machineryusedfor andunloadingcontainersfromshipsonto
trucksor railwaeonsandviceversa.lt is rail-mountedandcan at leastfour
railwaytracks.lt ismotorizedandcan paralleIto theship'sside.

31.
32 | UNIT4 Modesof transport
2
A specialtypeof devicewhichisableto 'very heavyloads.lt is usedfor
transferringswap-bodiesandcontainersfromrailwagonsto trucksandviceversa.lt hasfourlegs
swithwheelsanda spreaderbeamwhichcanspana widearea.lt canbe
6on railsor rubbertvresandisableto straddleseveralrowsof containers.
A kindof forklifttruckusedin containerhandling.lt isequippedwitha spreaderbeamanda tifting
armandcanbeusedforliftinscontainersano themontopof eachother.lt
isveryflexibteandhasa highstackingandstoragecapacityasit isableto
beyondthefirstrowof containersto tifta container.
4
A rigidbox_'r ofsteelwhichisverycommonin intermodatfreighttransport.lt
canbeusedfortransportbysea,rai[,air,androad.lt isavailablein manydifferentversionsand
sizes.Forexampte,thereareopen-topandflat-rackversions.Someofthemhavewheelsora bogie
'oto them.Themostcommonlengthsate20,4o,and45feet.lt is madeto
thespecificationsof theInternationaIStandardsOrganization.
Replacethe underlinedwordswith verbsfromthe boxthat havethesamemeaning.Usethe
correctverbforms.
stack . comqr:rrun e fix .':lattachr lift . fit:,:li ..:... a.:it,t
Thistypeof craneis usedforraisingcontainers.
z Containersareavailablein a varietyof versionsandsizes.
3 lt'sa heavy-dutyforktifttruckequippedwitha spreaderbeam.
4 Withthisdeviceyoucanpilecontainersontop of eachother.
5 Somecontainershavea bogiefixedto them.
6 Thisdeviceismountedon rails.
7
7 Thecraneis motorizedandabteto movealongsidethequay.

32.
AUOIO
JT rA
{s.'10
UNIT4 Modesof transport| 33
Anemployeeof atransportcompanypresentssomecontaineroptionsto a potentialcustomer.
Listenandcompletethe tabtewith the missinginformation.
Typeof container
7
2
3 tanktainer
+
5 flat-rack
suitablefortransportof
I Listenagainandcompletethe sentences.
levelo tarpaulino frame. machinery. lashing. removed. contro[ledr plugs
Itcomeswitha timberfloorandhasvarious devicesto securetheload.
Theselashingpointsarelocatedhorizontallyat floor
It istemperature- andisparticutartysuitableforcargothatneedsregulated
orcooItemperatures.
a Thisisa standardcontainer
5 Asanextra,wealsooffertankcontainerswithelectric
needscoolingorheatingduringtransport.
in casethecargo
5 lt comeswitha PVC coverinsteadof a roofpanelto allowloadingfrom
thetop.
z Thedoorscanbe to makeloadingeasier.
8 Werecommendthisspecialtypeof containerforthetransportationof heavy
andpipes.
l{owlabelthedifferenttypesof containersr-5"
t
witha tankfittedinside.

33.
34 | UNIT4 Modesoftransport
COI{TAItIERFEATURES
Werecommendthistypeof containerfor...
It is particularlysuitablefor...
It comeswith...
Asanextra,wealsooffer...
It has...forloading
1O Oescribethecontainerfeaturestoapartnerusingwordsfromthisunit.
PartnerA Fiie$4, p.lj
Parln€rB File::, p.7:
11 So* ttregeodsunderthe correctheading,
perishablecargo non-perishablecargo heavyweightandoverwidthcargo
meat . steelpipes . crudeoil r freshproduceo industrialboilers. seafoodr alcohol
r dairVproducts. tractorsr chilledor frozenfoodstuffs. harmfulchemicals
€anyou think of other typesof goods?Discussin asmall group.

34.
UNIT4 Modesof transportI 35
! 2 ttowsaywhichofthefotlowingcontainersyouwouldrecommendforthedlfferenttypesofcargo
fromexerclserr.
a reefer
b flat-rackcontainer
c tankcontainer
lt Comptetethiscrosswordpuzzleontransportmodeswlthwordsfromtheunlt.
Across
r Anotherwordforrubbish.
4 Adeviceforliftingheavyloads.
6 Anotherwordforshrp.
7 fhe oppositeofsofrorflexible.
Down
z Anotherwordfarpipe.
.3 Acontainerforliquidsisa ...container.
4 Keptcoo[,butnotfrozen.
5 Acontainerfittedwithacoolingsystem.

35.
- 4 i,lodesof transport
FreightTransportLogisticsinEurope-
thekeytosustainablemobility
.::
: Europe'stransporlpolicyhasbeen
. characterizedbyliberalisationand
: harmonizationovertheyears.Thishasslowly
: shapedthetransportsystemintowhatitis
' today.Globalizationandtheconceptofwider
' Europecreatefurtherchallenges.Thefast
' growthoffreighttranspoft- driventoalarge
: extentbyeconomicdecisions- contributes
t
togroMhandemploymentbutalsocauses
congestion,accidents,n0ise,pollution,
increasedrelianceonimportedfossilfuels,
-
andenergyloss.Infrastructureresourcesare
- limitedandanydisruptioninthesupplychain
,, (i.e.energy)hasnecessarilyanegativeimpact
,, ofltheEUeconomy.Withoutadequate
' measures,thesituationwillcontinue
, worseningandincreasinglyundermine
,, Europe'scompetitivenessandtheenvironment
, thatwealllivein.
: Toovercomesuchproblems,Europe's
: transportsystemneedstobeoptimized
' bymeansofadvancedlogisticssolutions.
i Logisticscanincreasetheefficiencyof
: individualmodesoftransportandtheir
I combinations.Asaresult,fewerunitsof
i transport,suchasvehicles,wagons,and
' vesselsshouldcarrymorefreight,lmpacton
theenvironmentwilldecreaseaccordingly.
Railandinlandwatenuaysneedtobe
modernized.Airfreightshouldbemore
closelyintegratedinthesystem.Thepositive
developmentofshortseashippingshouldbe
accelerated.Deep-seashippingandits
hinterlandconnectionsneedtobeenhanced,
Shiftstomoreenvironmentallyfriendlymodes
mustbeachievedwhereappropriate,
especiallyonlongdistance,inurbanareas,and
oncongestedcorridors.
Atthesametimeeachtransportmode
mustbeoptimized.Allmodesmustbecome
moreenvironmentallyfriendly,safer,andmore
energyefficient.Finally,co-modality,i.e.the
efficientuseofdifferentmodesontheirown
andincombinations,willresultinanoptimal
andsustainableutilizationofresources.
:,'i:.::;rnr'
- i:lti:li:: r,ii:.:.:=ii, -i!:!a!:-l: ':::r:iiii: , rll::::1!: j':'1I: riil r:.t:r
litHililGn
r Doyoualsohaveto dealwithgrowingfreighttrafficin yourcountry?
z Howdo youthinktransportsystemscouldbeimproved?
3 Howdo youthinkintermodaltransportsystemscanmakefreighttransportmoreefficient?

36.
lsz
Plannin$andarrangiin$transport
AUDIO
A11
vu-
L7
f,llakea list of all the differentfactorsthat wouldinfluenseyourchoiceof transportmethodfor a
shipment.Completethediagrambelow.
Listento thetelephonedialogueandanswerthe questions.
a:.1111...,:.
r Whatarethetwodifferentrailtransportoptions?
z Whendotheywantto ship?
3 Wherewitttheshipmentgo?
4 Whichtrainoptionis recommendedforlargevolumeshipments?
5 Whatwouldmaketransportcheaper?
6 HowmuchtimewitttheyhavefortoadingtheraiIwagons?
destination

37.
38 1UNIT5 Planningandarrangingtransport
{.
2 €omptetethe sentsnseswith the wordsfrom the box.Thenlisten egeinto check
l'm7
2
3
4
5
6
thetrainoptionsdescribedonyourwebsite.
tellmea bit moreaboutthem?
What the bestrailoptionfor us?
Forlargevolumes,lwould usingblocktraintransport.
lf youwantto shipsmallerquantities,thesingle-wagonoptionwouldbe
lf flexibilityis important,I would
trainoption.
youbooktheflexitrainblock
I cansuggestsingle-cartransport,whichis evenmoreflexible.
Inthatcaseweshould theotherblocktrainoptions.
timewouldwe haveforloading?
At least7 hours,butwe couldarrangelongerloadingtimes
Whenaskingforinformationwealwaysusepolitelanguage.Weoftenstartwith a more
gene,ralrequestfor informationbeforewe askmorespecificquestions.Indirectquestions
suchasCouldyou tellmehowmuchit wouldcost?aremorepolitethandirectquestionse.g.
Howmuchwouldit cost?
I'd liketo ask/enquireabout.,.
I'm callingabout...(onthetelephone)
I'm writing about/withregardto... (in an emailor letter)
Couldyou tell me how much/manyflong/often...?
Customersmayneedadviceontransportoptions,fteightandinsurancerates,shippingand
packingdetails,theroute,detailsregardingweight,dimensions,andmeisurements.
ForthisconsignmentI wouldrecommend/suggestusingairtransport.
I recommend/suggestthatyaushipthegoodsbyroad.
WeTYoushouldalsoconsiderairtransportfor...
Thatdependsonyourspecificrequlrements.
Sometimesyouneedto providethe customerwithseveralatternativesbeforea decisioncan
bemade.
Anotheroption wouldbe to ...
Ofcourseit wouldalsobepossibleto ... (instead).
Alternatively,you/wecould...
As7
8
9
10

38.
UNIT5 Ptanningandanangingtransport| 39
3 Herearesomemorephrases.Sortthemunderthecorectheadlng.
| (would)needsomeinformationregarding...
InthatcaseI recommend/suggestthatyouuse/ship...
I thinkthebestoptionwoutdbeto ...
lf youprefer..., w€couldalsoarrange...
Couldyouletmehavesomeinformationabout...?
Wecanprovide/arrange/ship...if you like.
Asanalternative,we canofferyou...
Whatwould bethe cheapest/fustesVsafest/mostconvenientway/option?
4 ilatch the beginnlngsof the sentences(r-6) with the endingp(a-0.
r I wouldneedsomeinformation
z Couldyouletmeknow
3 InthatcaseI suggestthatyou
4 Fora consignmentthissizeI
5 Ofcourseit wouldalsobe
6 Wecanalsoarrangetransport
a wouldrecommendrailtransport.
b bycourierifyouprefer.
c regardingloadingtimes.
d whatthetransittimesare?
e possibletoshipbyexpressserviceinstead.
f usethecheaperseafreightoption.
n
T
n
u
T
I

39.
40 ..]lrl-5 Planningandarrangingtransport
:..
5 Workwith a paftner.Followthe stepsbelowandpractisemakingenquiriesandgivingadvice.
Usephrasesfromthis unit.
A
TellBwhatyouwouldliketo enquireabout.
GiveBsomedetailsofyourshipment.
TeltByouarenotsureyouwantthisoption.
AskBaboutorder/cancellationdeadtines.
ThankB forhelp.
6 Listentoashippingagentdescribingoneofthecontainersavailabte.Gomptetethemissing
detailsandlabelthedrawingwiththewordsfromthebox.
height. payload. lengthr
Typeof container:4o ft opentop
1
z
: 4,O3okg
: 3z,5OOkg
28,47okg
InternaImeasurements:
4
5
6
i 72.02 m
| 2.35m
:2.32m
7 Listenagainandnotethenon-metricmeasurementstheagentmentions.
1 tareweight:
z internallength:
3 internalheight:
,/
/
/
/
AUOIO
trr
ry
72
B
AskA to be morespecific.
Recommendoneortwooptions.
Offeranotheralternative.
AnswerB'squestion.TettByouwil[givehim/
hera quotationwithinthe nexthour.
3 maximum
E
N
o1
N

40.
I
UNIT5 Ptanningandarrangingtransport| 41
Rewritethe sentences.
Example:Thecontaineris 6 metreslong.
Thalangthof thocontaineris sixmelras.(Or:Thaconlainar'slangthis b metres.)
r Thepackageweighs45 kg.
z Thisseagoingvesselisabout3o m wide.
3 Thecasewe needto shipisr m [ong,5ocmwideand35 cmhigh.
4 ltsdepthis nearly3 cm.
5 Theship'slengthismorethan65 m.
6 Theopencontainer'sdoorheightis7 ft ro in.
9 Whatdotheseabbreviationsstandfor?
rft
2kg
302
4cm
5lb
6 cuyd
7m'
81"
9pt
10 gar
1O putttrewordsfromaboveIntothecorrectcolumninthetabte.Completethetablewlthother
measuresandwelghtsyoucanthinkof.
length
surface
I volume
t;;t fluid ounco(fl oz)
weight

41.
42 JNir 5 Planningandarrangingtransport
tt Describethemeasurementsandweightofacontainertoyourpartner.Usephrasesfrom
thisunit.
PartnerA File 05, p.71
Partner B fils 13,p.72
AUDIO
trl
cy
t9
S|IllgilgUl,t{!l-U!Mr.9l3:r:y-El9Tli-4It-QI$!919NI.
Numbers
Whendealingwithconsignmentdetailsit is oftennecessarytotalkaboutnumbers.
I Wewritea commato showthousands(butwe don'tsayit!):
: 235,ooo two hundredand thirty-fivethousand
, Weusea oointto showdecimals:
7.5 onepointfive
Weusethewordand afterhundreds:
185 onehundredondeighty-five
Whenarrangingtransport,we needto givedetailsaboutthesizeandweightof the
consignmentto beshipped.
Size
Ourconsignmentis3 by z by 2.5 metres.
Thisbox measuresz by t.5 by 2.5 metres.
Itsmeasurementsarezo by 85 by 5o centimetres.
Weight
Theemptycontoinerweighs5,oookg.
Thenet/tare/grossweight of the containeris ...kg/tons.
Thecontainer'smaximumpayloadis ...
Dimensions
Thebox is 4o cm highlong/wide/deep.
Its/Theheight/length/width/depthis 4o cm.
Remember:
Thiscontaineris almost sixmetres/feetlong (not sixmetre/foofl)
But: lt's a twenty-footcontainer.(notfeet!)
12 tlstentothedialoguebetweenaforwarderandacustomeraskingforashippingguotation.
Thensaywhetherthestatementsaretrue E orfake Eaccordingtothedialogue.
r KarlaHanssenneedsa quotationforairfreightto theUnitedArabEmirates.
z Theywantto shipcoolingunitsto AbuDhabi.
3 Theconsignmentconsistsof r8 boxes.
4 Theywantto shipfromSweden.
5 Theunitsshouldbe pickeduponAugust6th.
6 Martinwitlcallbackwithinthenexttwo hours.
n
T
I
T
T
n

42.
UNIT5 Planningandanangingtransport| 43
lJ t istenagainandcomptetethemissingdetaitsintheonlinequotationform.
Quotationform
Companyname:
Contact:
TelNo:
FaxNo:
Emailaddress:
Shippinginformation
Pointof originr
Destination:
Methodoftransport:
Numberof units/items:
Pick-update:
Deliverydate:
Freightinformation
Volume(m3):
Totatweight(kg):
Dimensions(cm):
Typeandnatureof goods:
Speciatrequirements
Hazardous:
0ther:
KarlaHanssen
oo4689oz65o3o
oo46 89o265o39
khanssen@coolair.se
30.37
t7ocmhigh,r45cmwideand8z cmdeep
mustarrive
Air
1/1 Worfwithapartner.WriteanemaiIaskingforaquotation.Includetheinformationfromthe
orderformabove.
Rlgy-lllll!9-1-glqr!Ie!!',ll'. .--,, - ll.'.l,ii,.l-.--.--,-,-
We/lneeda quotationfora shipmentto ...
Pleasequotefor(thesupply/transporto0 ...
Pleasesendusa quotationfor...
Pleasequoteyourlowestpricesfor...
Yourquotationshouldincludedetaitedinformationonfreightandinsurancerates,
detiveryterms,deliverydate,andtermsof payment.

43.
44 UNIT5 Planningandanangingtransport
1$ nutthewordsin therightorder.
r a shipment/sendlusla quotation/ pleaselfor lto Madras
2 state/ deliverydate/ ptease/ inyourquotation/ yourearliest
3 tetus/could/thefotlowing/ptease/haveaquotation/inctuding/detaitslyou?
4 a parttruckload/shippingrates/what/your/for/toBirminghamlare?
5 onsailingtimes/ yourquotation/ detailedinformation/ should/ andinsurancerates/ also
include
6 thefoltowingconsignment/ pleaseI forI ofI quote/ thetransport
In thi; week's issueof our GLOBAL TRADE maga:ine
wq qf.feysomeexpert advice on how to successftrll-tship
,8,oa,ils,a6, nodfr om Hank Wil cox. As the export rnanager
for Jonston Cosmetics,Hank overseesthe distribution of ;,,,;,,,,t,,.:,;,,,,;;:::,,;;,;;,:,:,':,
cosmeticproducts to more thttn 40 countrie.sworldwide.
Overseastrade and logistics issuesplay amajor ysls if' t;'::t:':;,;:,'.:,';;';a;,:,:,
the:iompany's business.
:r'r":'
How do you successfullymanageshipping
logisticsat JonstonCosmetics?
I think it's mostimportantto work with good
freight forrvarders.Sobeforewe actually choose
afreight forrvarder,we checkwhethertheir
servicelevelcomesup to our standards.
What exactly doesthat mean?
Well, it meansthatwe only wantto work with
forwarderswho meetcertainrequirements.
Onethingthat'sreallyimportantis reliability.
We needto be 100percentsurethatour
consignmentsaredeliveredto thecustomerat
theright time. We alsoexpectahigh level of
communicationandco-operationbetweenthe
forwarder andourselves.And our forwarders
mustbeableto provideflexibletransport
solutionsat shortnotice.
And what about transport costs?
Thepriceis alsoimportantobviously,butasI
said,thereareotherthingsto considersuchas
qualityof service,handlingofpaperworkand
advice.We usuallyaskfor four quotationsfor
eachshipment.
What about all the documentation required in
oYerseastrade?
We havea teamof experiencedlogistics people
who discussthebestpossiblefreightoptions
with thecustomerandhandleall thepaperwork.
Documentationis really very important,
especiallyif thingsgo wrong.Sowe always
makesurewe havecopiesandduplicatesof every
documentin casesomethingis lost.
Consignments can easily be damaged in
transit. Are your customers aware of that?
Yes,rvealwaysadviseour customerson the
risksandoffer themthemostsuitableinsurance
for theirconsignments.Unfortunately,handling
damageisquitecommonsoit's alwaysagood
ideato insurea consi_enment.And insuranceis
lessexpensivethanmostpeoplewouldexpect;it
usuallycostsbetrveenoneandtwo percentof the
consignment'svalue.
1. Doyouhaveanyexperiencein dealingwithfreightforwarders?
Doesthetextmentioneverythinga 'good'forwardershouldbeableto do?Canyouadd
otherasoects?
lfyouhadto choosea forwarder,whatcriteriawouldbemostimportantforyou?
Inwhatcasewouldyourecommendfreightinsurance?4

44.
l+s
Shippinggoods
I
Doyouknowwhatthesemarkingsrepresent?0iscusswith a partner.Tryto labeltheshipping
markingswith the correctwords.
Doyou knowanyotherrnarkings?
Hereisanextractfroma manualprovidingrail loadinginstructions.(ompletethesentenceswith
wordsfromthe box.
carefu[tyr attention. overhangifrs.isure o placeo examine. secure. instructions
. fit . distribute. exceeded. diagonalty
vehiclecarefully.
z Donotptaceitems 2arnqq fho rll:qnn
3 Whenloadingiscomplete,ensurethatit fultycomplieswiththe
givenin ourRailInstructionsManual.
4 Examineloadcarefutlyandmake it is undamagedandsuitablefor
loading.
longer,heavierpiecesonthebottomof theload.
6 Makesurethatloadis

45.
45 - 6 S- :: :e goocs
2 ilowmatchthecorrectsentenceswiththeinstructionsbelow.
a beforeloading:
b duringloading:
c afterloading:
3 Matchthebeginningsofthesentences{r-8)withtheendings(a-h).
r Removeprotruding
z Coverthedamagedwall
3 Securetheloadto
4 Filtempty
5 Replacedamagedpallets
6 Aligntheload
7 Stacktheboxes
8 Sealthecontainerafter
a preventmovement.
b on patlets.
c vertically.
d staplesor naits.
e spacesbetweenproducts.
f loadingiscomplete.
g ofthecontainer.
h withnewones.
EXPTAININGHOWTO DO SOMETHTNG
Whenexplaininghowto do something,youcanusetheimperativeformof theverb,
Usethe infinitivewithoutfo, likethis:
Examinethe load carefully.
Donot overloadthe vehicle.
@[,-]
ItrYril
lrul
mffi
ffi
M
w
ffilffiil
tH*|+t"l
W
n
n
T
T
T
u
l
n
7 Ensurevehicteis to beloaded.
8 Strap loads.
9 Whencheckingthevehicle,givespecial
10 Examinevehicleandload
to doorsecuringmechanisms.
afterloading.
t7 loadasevenlyaspossibleandmakesurewheelsareevenlyloaded.
t2 Checkwhethervehiclecapacityhasnotbeen

46.
UNITG Shippinggoods| 47
4 Gompletethisemailaboutanurgentshipmentwithprepositionsfromthebox.
:.:a:.. :::a:.,. .',
by r g6rrr. with o in r Out . tO . betWeen r,rl1Of
hd "_-****
$ Sonja
fi
{ I'mafraidthereisaproblem
Regards
JonFrederikson
LogisticsManager
i:ffi
@w
rthescheduleddeliveries
: Francenextweek.OurcustomerGLPPharmainBresthasjustinformed
methattheyarealready 3ofstockandneedanurgentdeliveryofthe5mg
onextweek.30and90piecepacksthisweekinstead
lfpossible,wemusttrytomakeonepartialdelivery 5Wednesday(oras
s00nasthepackagingisfinished)ofthe5mg30packs.
Weneedadirecttruck 6ourproductionplantinGermanyandBrest.lfwe
canshipthefirstpaftonWednesdaymorning,thetruckshouldarrive
BrestonThursdayafternoon.
TheseconddeliveryshouldbemadeonFridaywiththerestoftheSmg30andthe90packs.As
theproductsareneeded 8Monday,thetruckmustbeunloadedinBreston
SaturdayorSunday.
Pleaseletmeknowifthereareanyproblems!
:
=.
=3
iV
:;'
Ff5frts,,i*r.t=:..-= :i::::::rfi,s,rfW '"'"'=4
AUDIO
ff,
w
74
5 Soniaandfon arediscussingthe urgentdeliveryoverthe phone.Listenandanswer
the questions.
r Cantheyuseoneof theirusualforwardingagents?
z Howlongwouldthefastestdeliveryservicetake?
3 Wouldexpressdeliverybea goodoption?
4 Whyis it notpossibleto deliverat theweekend?
5 WhatdoesJonwantto do next?
Putthewordsin theorderthey arementionedin thedialogue.Thenlistenagainto check.
r reallylherellthink/a problem/we've/got
2 use/thisshipment/ourlfor lone/unfortunatety/wecan'tlof/regularforwarders
3 we/smallerllhis ldeliveries/ means/ partiatlthat lwoutd/ haveseveral
4 haveto / a lotmore/ and/ as lwe'd lpay/ a resutt
5 SaturdaysandSundays/becauseof/deliver/we/can't/attheweekend/drivingbanI onI
theHGV
6 problems/thisdeliveryinoidea/l/woutd/cause/somany/had
6

47.
48 | UNITG Shippinggoods
INTORMINGSOMEOI{EABOUTPROBLEMS
Tetlingsomeonethatsomethingcannotbehandtedinthewayit wasplannedorthat
somethinghasgonewrongcanbedifficutt.That'swhyit isimportantto staycalmanduse
polite[anguage.lt is usuallya goodideato saywhattheproblemis exactlyandthenexplain
thesituation.WeoftenusebeginningssuchasI'mafroid...or l'msorry,but...,evenif we
arenotresponsiblefortheproblem.
First,wegivea briefintroductionandthengoonto explainthesituationin moredetai[:
fm ofroid thereis a problemwith customsclearance.
I'msorry,but therewillbe o deliverydelay.
Wemayatsowantto givereasonsfortheprobtem:
Thedelaywascausedby a rail strikein ltaly.
Theconsignmenthasto berepackedbecausethecartonis damaged.
Therewasa delaybecauseof bod weother.
Therewasa delavbecausetheweatherwasbad.
Wemayalsowantto talkaboutcontrast,e.g.whenweexplainthattherewasa problem,but
it hasn'taffectedtheoutcome:
Althoughtheloadwosn'tsecuredproperly,it arrivedintact.
Theload wasn'tsecuredproperly,but it arrivedintact.
ln spiteof thestrike,theconsignmentarrivedon time.
Despitebeingdelayed,theconsignmentarrivedon time.
Sometimeswealsoneedto explaintheconsequencesof certainevents:
Theresultwosthot thegoods didn't leavethe worehouseuntil Friday.
As a result,theshipmentorrivedtwo hourslate.
There'sfog at the airportso theflight hasn't tokenoffyet.
7 Comptetethesentenceswithwordsfromthebox.
so . because. although. due. asaresulto despiteo becauseo inspiteof
r Ourcustomerwantsto shipvatuabtefreight, weneedto thinkaboutinsurance.
z A partoftheshipmentseemsto bedamaged_ of roughhandting.
thecustomerneededthemurgentty,thegoodscouldn'tbedeliveredat the
weekend.
4 Theflightwascance[led to badweather.
5 Thedriverhadthewrongaddress. , it tookhimthreehoursto deliverthe
Dallets.
5 Theconsignmentarrivedontime atlthecustomsformatitiesat theborder.
Z Weareunableto shiptoday_ we'vehadproblemswithourdispatch.
beingwellsecured,theloadwasdamagedonarrival.

48.
I
UNIT6 Shippinggoods| 49
Choosethe correctwordsto completethesesentences.
r Thedocumentsstatedthewrongquantities.Asa reason/result/cause,theshipmentwasnot
acceotedat thewarehouse.
z Thedelaywasfound/noticedlcausedbyanaccidentonthemotorway.
3 WhenI spoketo the logisticsmanager,it noticed/sadturnedoutthattheyhaduseddifferent
packingmateria[.
4 Unfortunately,weareunableto delivertheconsignmentdueto/because/sotechnicalproblems
in ourwarehouse.
5 Although/lnspiteof/Butthedelay,thedeliverywitlstittarriveontime.
6 Whatisthecause/reason/resultforthisdelay?
I Youareafreightforwarder.Caltyourpartnertoinformhim/heraboutadeliverydelay.
Usephrasesfromthisunit.
Pafiner A Fite06, p.71
PartnerB File74,p.72
1O fnerearesixmistakesinthisemailGanyoucorrectthem?
DearCheng
Pleasefindattachthefollowingdocuments:deliverynoteN"70007'108,packinglist,andshipping
order.
Ourfonruarderhasjustpickedupthegoodsfromourwarehouse.Thegoodsshouldbeatyour
disposalatMonday31October2009.
Pleasenoticethatacopyofthebatchcertificatewillbesendtoyouassoonaspossiblebyemail.
Assoonaswerecievetheoriginalbatchcertificate,wewillsendittoyou.
lfyouhaveanyfurtherquestions,pleaseletmenow.
Regards
AnaGarcia
LogisticsManager
ADYIC!91 9tl1l_l!Er{r
Whendealingwithshipmentsto customers,it iscommonpracticeto advisethemthata shipment
hasbeensent.Oftendetailson departureandarrivaltimes,ordernumbers,anddocumentsaregiven.
Wearepleasedto informyou that your orderhasbeendispatchedby trucktodoy.
OrderN"3otz hasbeendispatchedby flight 84479 today.
Weorepleasedto advisethot your orderN"z3/tj46 wasshippedon boardthe
vessel'OceanLine'.
Theconsignmentis dueto arrivein SydneyonAugustz5th.
Theaboveorderhasbeenhandedoverto ourforwordingagentstodoy.
Theconsiqnmentwill be deliveredto vourwarehousein Brussels.
L
,

49.
50 | UNIT6 Shippinggoods
11 txrite a similaremailinformingacustcmerabcutdispatch.
Includethefotlowinginformation:
r Theordernumber.
z Whentheconsignmentwassent.
3 Howtheconsignmentwasshipped
(road,air,rail,sea).
a Whereit wittbedelivered.
5 Whenit willarriveatthecustomer'ssite.
12 Uatctrthewords(r-5)withthepictures(a*e).
r bale
2 chest
^ t^^,.^t t-^-1.
i uot | tr L/LoJN
4 drum
5 Crale
t
T
f*
ilrua-b

50.
UNIT6 Shippinggoods| 51
lJ Xowmatchthe items in exerciserz with the correctdefinition.
a Largecylindricalcontainerwitha flatbottomandtop.lt is madeof woodandis usedfor
tiquids.
b Woodenboxmadeof woodenslats.lt canbeopenorclosedandis usedforpackinggoods.
c Largepackageof presspackedgoods(oftenrawmateriaD,whichistighttybound,wrapped,and
banded.
d Sturdyboxwitha tidwhichis madeof metaIandoftenusedforstorage.
e CylindricalmetaIcontainerfortiquids.
1/1 USff, internationalfreightforwardersb*sedin Ghicago,glvesomeshippinginstructionson
theirwebsite.€ompletethesentenceswithwordsfromthebox.
lmarko clearanceo withstandr,wqight. appointqd. exhibitqr. importinil:,'.ina*iAuaffy
6e6 ._* o,
S' fu t www.expochicago.iom- G'*-- ;
r*IE
ShippingInstructions rc
[:F
Astheofficia|internationa|freightfonalarder-|byEXP0CH|cAG0,WeWi||liE
I'F
co.ordinatea||internationa|shipmentsandarrangecUstomS-2forthisevent.l
Pleasecarefullyreadthefollowinginformationregardingshippingrequirementsfor q
3goodsintotheUS.
PackingandMarking
1 Ensurethatallboxesaresecurelypackedinorderto
andonsitecontractors,
4handlingbycarriers
2
3
Clearly 5allcartons.cases.orcratesontwosides.
lfyoushipyourgoodsinacontainer,makesurethatallcartonsare
markedandlabelledinthefollowingmanner:
Address:
Nameof
Numberofstand:
Casenumber(...)of(".)
Total----'---..---------Binkg:

51.
_
6 i- --;.g goods
I A lhenHeathrow'sTerminal5was
Y Y officiallyopenedbytheQueenin
March2008,operatorBAAsaidthatit
wouldputtheairportatthecuttingedge
ofglobaltravel.
Thecomplex,whichcostf4.5bn,includes
50newaircraftstands,alargecarpark
aswellasrailandundergroundlinksto
London,ltisdesignedtohandle12,000
bagsanhour.
BAAclaimedthatcheckinginforflightswouldbesimplifiedforupto30millionpassengersa
yearbyonlinecheck-in,fastbaggagedroppingfacilitiesandsophisticatedbaggagehandling.
Twoweekslater,onlaunchday,however,dozensofflightsinandoutofthenewterminalhadto
becancelledduetoabreakdownofthebaggagehandlingsystem,Bytheendofthefirstday,
hundredsofpassengerswereleftstrandedattheairportandtherewasabacklogofmorethan
15,000bags.
Whathadgonewrong?
0nlaunchdayproblemsstartedalmostimmediately,whenstaffandpassengershadtrouble
Iocatingcarparks.Delayedopeningofcheck-inthenledtolongqueues.Additionally,workersin
thebaggagesortingareahadproblemsloggingontothecomputersystemorcouldnothandle
theRMS(ResourceManagementSystem),whichallocatesbaggagehandlerstoloadorunload
aircraft.
Asthecheck-instaffwerenotawareofthesituation,theycontinuedtoaddluggagetothe
system.Asaconsequence,check-inhadtobesuspendedintheafternoon.
Anaviationanalystlaterexplainedthatthebacklogofbaggagewasmainlycausedbyproblems
withtheterminal'sthree-stagebaggageprocessingsystem.
Thefirststage,thefastbagdrop-off,wasworkingasplanned,butthesecondstage,an
undergroundconveyorsystem,hadbecomecloggedupbecausebaggageworkerswerenot
abletoremovethebagsquicklyenoughattheotherend,
BAsaidthattheyknewthefirstdaywouldbecriticalbecauseofthesizeandcomplexityofthe
moveintoTerminal5,andthattheywereworkinghardtoresolvetheseissues.
16@
r Whatarethemainlogisticsproblemsmentionedinthisarticle?
z Haveyoueverexperiencedsimilarproblemsat anairport?
3 Howimportantis logisticsforanairport?

52.
153
Warehousingandstorage
tr
!ffi!
Lookatthepicturesofwarehouseequipment.Matchthepictures(a-0withthewords(r{}.
UJ
r handpatlet-truck
z totebin
3 fork-tifttruck(CBtruck)
4 rotl-cagepallet
5 (Europalletor UK)pattet
6 trolley
Readthetext describingwarehouseareasandlabelthe areaswith wordsfromthe list.
sortation. marshallinganddispatcho receiving. collationandvalue-addedservices
o back-upstorage. orderpicking
t:l
tl
Firstofa[1.thereisthe 'area.That'swhereallincominggoodsarriveand
documentationischeckedandrecorded.Goodsareoftenunpackedor repackedhereto maketheir
formatmoresuitableforwarehousehandling.
' areaholdsmostof ourwarehouseinventory.
lnthe rareathegoodsareselectedintherightquantities,thatmeansthe
quantitiesrequiredbythecustomer.Herewealsobreakbulk.Thatmeans,forexample,after
receivinggoodsin [argequantities(e.g.paltets),weneedto packtheminsmallerseparateunitsfor
thecustomer.
Inthe -areawedealwithsmatlerordersizes.Sometimesseveralorders
havebeenbatchedtogetherto simptifuthepickingprocessandnowneedto besorteddownto
individualorders.

53.
54 | UNIT7 Warehousingandstorage
:
Afterpicking,thegoodsareconsolidatedandmadereadyfordispatch.Dependingonthe
customer'srequirementsthegoodsmaybe packedintocartonsor casesor theyarewrapped
(i.e.stretch-wrappingorshrink-wrapping).SomewarehousesalsoprovidespeciaIservicessuchas
labelling.Thispartofwarehouseoperationsis called
Thefinalstagein warehouseoperationsisthe_ 6area.Thegoodsarebrought
togetherto formvehicleloadsandarethenloadedontovehiclesforonwarddispatch.
2 ilatch the warehouseareas(rg) to the activltiesthat takeplacein them(a-f).
r dispatch
z co[[ation
3 reserveStorage
4 orderpickingandsortation
5 receiving
a goodsarebroughttogetherfor loadingandtransport
b wherethegoodsarekeptuntilrequired
c thegoodsareselectedandputtogetherin theunitsrequiredbythecustomer
d completeordersarepackedandwrapped
e thegoodsarepreparedforwarehouseoperations
3 tatch the verbs(r-8) from the text in exerciser to the correctdefinitions (a-h).
n
n
n
T
t
r label
z repack
3 handle
4 select
5 batch
6 sort
7 wrap
8 load
n
n
n
I
u
u
l
u
a putgoodsona palletorvehicle
b providespecificinformationonthe productitselforthepackaging
c dealwith
d pickorchoose
e putseveralthingstogether
f packin specialmaterialforprotection
g putintonewunitsor formats
h arrangein a specialwayor order

54.
UNIT7 Warehousingandstorage| 55
THE PASSIVE
Whendescribingprocesses,thepassivevoiceisoftenused
with modalverbssuchascon,must,moy,should,etc.
Theforks conberaisedby a simplepump action.
Thissystemmusthefittedwithdetectors.
Orwecanusethepassivein othertenses
oerfecttense.
After thegoodshovebeenchecked,
back-upstorage.
Theunloadinghosbeencompleted.
e.g.thepresent
theygo into
4 Completethe sentencesusingthecorrectactiveor pa$siyefcrmof theverbsin brackets.
o
b
Aftertheunitload (check),it goesintoautomatedstorage.
Assoonasanappropriatelocation (identifrf)bythewarehouse
managementsystem,a put-awayinstruction
c Afterthevehictedriver
(must,issue).
(report)to thegatehouse,thevehicle
documentation (check)by staff.
Thenthepackages
withbarcodes.
(process)i.e.they
e
f
(may,[abel)
Thegoods (check)on unloading.
Afterthat,staff (direct)thedriverto an unloadingbayora parkingarea.
Nowputthe stepsin the goodsreceivingprocessin the correctorderr-6.
Listento this extractfroma presentationabouta newwarehousemanagementsystem.
Nowsaywhichof thesestatementsistrue 7 fatse:f .
r Theexistingsystemis notveryefficient.
z Theycoutdcentralizeinventoriesin oneCanadianwarehouse.
3 Cycletimescanbereducedbyat leasthalf.
4 Theycouldreducewarehouseareafromfourfloorsto one.
5 Printondemandallowsthemto printinvoicesin severaIlanguages.
AUDIO
efi,
{3
75
5

55.
56 ' riNlT7 Warehousingandstorage
:.
6 ilow listen to therecordingagainandcompletethesentences.
r I thinkthisnewwarehouseareamanagementsystemWMSzXwouldhelpuscutcostsand
ourprocesses.
z OnegreatadvantageofWMSzXisthatwecouldreducethenumberofwarehouses
acrossCanada.
3 AnotherinterrestingfeatureofWMSzXiscustomerorder
a Warehouse couldbeimprovedasweilbytransferringdepartments.
6
WMSzXwoutdalsohelpusreducewarehouseareaandground
Thecouldbeachievedbyinstaltinganautomatedstorageand
Thenewsystemwouldalsoenableusto
moment.
sysrem.
thematerialflowat anygiven
8 Thisallowsprintingof [abels,brochuresandcustomer in z5 languages.
..,.II![TI9ABOIJTADVAI{TAGESANDPOSSIBrEIMPROVEMENrs
Onegreatadvantageis ...
Themostinterestingfeatureis...
It wouldhetpusreduce/increase/improve/optimize...
Anothermajoradvantageis/woutdbe...
It woutdalsoguarantee/ensure...
7 Workwithapartner.Eachofyouhasawarehous€rnanagementsystem.Presenttheadvantages
ofyoursystemtoyourpartner.Usephrasesinthebox.
PartnerA File07, p-71
Part&erB Filer5" p.7z
I Comptetethedescriptionsoftypiratwarehouseequipmentandsystems.Usetheadiectivesfrom
the box.
:::rr,a:1.t:::r, t. ...ir.r':
stackable. mO'Uite. aUiuiiltrco suitable. bulky. driverless. rigid. collal0sibite
truckwhichiscontrolledbycomputer
butthere
r Anautomatedguidedvehicleisa
andelectricaltypowered.
z lBCs(intermediatebutkcontainers)madeof metalor ptastic
arealsoonesmadeof canvas.whichare
3 Cageandboxpalletsarefittedwithcorner-postsandsides.Theyareusuatly
InpaltetizedstorageAPR,i.e. paltetracking,is used.
Someproductsarenot forpattetizatione.g.expensiveelectronicitemsor
items.
are
4
5
6
largeand
shelvingisoftenusedforsmallerproductsin non-palletizedsystems.

56.
AUDIO
a76
UNIT7 Warehousingandstorage| 57
9 Putthestepsinthisintegratedpackinglocationsysteminthecorrectorder(r-8).Thenllsten
andcheck.
Youscanthebarcodeoftheshippinglabel.
Thesystemcatculatestheweightofthepackage.
Youenterthesystem.
Youchoosemeansoftransport.
Youcanputtogetherpackages.
Theshippinglabetsareprinted.
Youcanseeandaccessallpositionsinthecontainer.
Theorderiscomplete- systemprintsdeliverynote.
tO Xowlistentothedialogueagainandcompletethesentences.
T
il
I
n
n
n
n
n
r Afterthegoodshavearrivedat thepackinglocation,
oftheshippingbox.
2
3
+
5
oK.I
Wel[,
gotthat.Whatis
6
8
weight.
Thatis
to scaninthebarcode
youenterthepackinglocationdialogue.
youcanaccessa[[positionsinthepickingcontainer.
thepackageiscomplete,thesystemwitlautomaticallycalculatethe
Thesystemwillautomaticallyprinttheshipping[abels.
of thisprocess.Andnowwe
theorderhasbeencompleted,thedeliverynoteisprintedautomatically.

57.
O Itff Z Warehousingandstorage
First0y)/Firstofatl...
Second(ly)...
Thefirststep/stage(oftheprocess)is...
Then...
Afterthat...
Thenextstep/stageis...
Fottowingthat...
Finally...
Thelaststepis...
Once/AfterXhashappened...
11 Workwithapartneranddescrlbeaproceisftomyourowniobinyourownwords.Usephrases
fromthls unit.
12 Completethiscrossord withwordsfromtheunit
Across
Keepgoodsinawarehouse.
Putontopofeachother.
Containerforsmallerproducts.
Selecttherightitems.
D,OWn
r Formsmallerunitsfromlargerunits(zwords- 5,4).
z Putintotherightorderorpackage.
3 Anotherwordfororticleorpiece.
2
4
5
6

58.
UNIT7
Readthe text aboutmodernwarehousingandanswerthe questionsbelow.
WAREHOUSINGTODAY
fn
thepast,a warehousewasonly seenasaplace
Ito storethings.[t oftentookupa lotof ground
spaceandgoodswereusually picked by handor
using afork-lift truck.
During the lastfew years,however,therole andthe
designofthe warehousehaveradicallychanged.
The warehouseis now consideredacritical link
betweenamanufacturingplant andtheexternal
world with a strongimpact on theperformanceof
theentire manufacturingandlogistics system.
Warehouseautomationandcomplex technologiesarenow usedin orderto produceeffective
operations.Many warehousestoday areequippedwith warehousemanagementsystems
(WMS), which automatethe productflow throughoutthe warehouseandmaximize the use
ofwarehousespacethrougheffectivepicking methods,locationconsolidationandcross
docking.
Automated StorageandRetrieval Systems(ASiRS) havebeenintroducedin many
warehouses.AS/RS involves high-racking storagewith amachineoperatingwithin the aisles,
servingboth sidesofthe aisle.Thesesystemscanpick, replenish,andperform inventory
checkswithout ahumanoperator.
In fully automatedsystems,conveyorbeltsarevery important asthey link the different areas
of thewarehouseandcarry thegoodsto wherethey arerequired:for examplebetweenthe
receiving areasandreservestorage,or betweenthepicking andloading areas.
The warehouseoftoday would beunthinkablewithout the barcode.The barcodelabel on each
item providesspecificinformation abouttheproduct,which canbe transferredto a computer
system.This makesit possibleto locatetheitem'spositionin thewarehouseandfind it
again.By usingautomatedtechnology,suchasbarcodescannersandRFID (radiofrequency
identification), warehouseinventory andproduct flow canbeefficiently mana-eed.Combined
with modernIT systems,barcodesenablewarehousestaff to track andtraceall items in the
warehouseat anygiventime andusuallyin realtime. I
2firPnrtwer+.?5
lilE@
r Howisyourcompany'swarehouseorganized?
2 Doyouworkin a warehouseyourselfz
3 Howhaswarehousingchangedoverthelastfewyears?
Warehousingandstorage| 59

59.
ttru
Documentationandfinance
Herearesomemoreabbreviations.Theyall relateto documentationandfinance.Doyouknow
whatthey mean?
t BIL B--tof t-----
z DIP: Do-u---tsaga---tp-y----
3 EXW Ex-----
4 CIF C--t,in-------,fr-----
5 AWB Airw--b---
5 IMO Int----t-----m----yo-d--
7 BIE B--lof ex------
8 L/C L--t--of cr----
t Completethis list of documentsusedin foreigntradewith wsrdsfromthe box.
approvedrauthority.required.commercialoindicating.draft.receipt.conditions
o carriage. hazardous
r Commercialinvoice
A documentthatcontainsspecificinformationregardingthegoodsshippedandthe
agreedbetweenbuyerandselter.
z Certificateof origin
Documentusedin foreigntradewhichstateswherethegoodswereproduced.lt isoften
bycustomsauthorities.
3 Packinglist
A documentwhichspecifiesthecontentsof anyformof packaging,e.g.boxes,containers,
cartons,without
4 Airwaybitt
thevalueofthegoodsshipped.
A contractbetweenairtineandshipper.lt isa shippingdocumentwhichstatesthetermsand
conditionsof-andisalsoareceiptfortheconsignment.
5 Consularinvoice
A specialkindof invoicesometimesrequiredbytheimportingcountry.lt needsto be
byanembassy.
6 Proformainvoice
A
p[ace.
invoicewhichthesellerpreparesbeforetheactuaIshipmenttakes

60.
UNITB Documentationandfinance| 61
Exportlicence
A documentwhichisgrantedbya government
goodscanbeexported.
Customsinvoice
andstatesthatsoecified
A specificdocumentrequiredbycustomsin somecountriese.g.USwhenimportinggoods.lt
includesmoredetailsthana invoice.
Dangerousgoodsdeclaration
Certificatepreparedbytheshipper/consignorwhichstatesthat
handledaccordingto internationatshippingregulations.
goodsare
ro Bil[of lading
A contractbetweencarrierandshipperwhichspecifiesthegoodsto beshippedandthe
deliveryterms.lt isalsoa
reachtheirdestination.
of shipmentandaccompaniesthegoodsuntilthey
2 CBGtOBAtSHlPPlt{G,UScustomsbrokershandlinganinternationaltradeevent,providesome
instructionsontheirwebsite.Putthewordsinthecorrectorder.Thefirstwordhasbeendone
already.
-e-e,6::.--- ,:*--* -
+' g f '-wwwfB-sio6eGFipfinsrom i,Gi' ---
I
@rF I;E
: Toensurecustomsentryandavoiddelays,pteasereadthefollowinginstructionscarefully: l:E
IE
t Providelyoulthe goods/toship/descriptions/clearanddetaited/of/wish lE
u
z ldentifir/ to bei HTSor BTNnumbers/ byusing/ thegoods/ shipped
3 Clearty/ theitems/ thevalue/ indicate/ of
4
5
6
8
9
10
State/ were/ where/ manufactured/ thegoods
Send/ andpackingtist/ sixcopies/ thecommercialinvoiceI ofI priorto arriva[/ fourdays
Thedocuments/ details/ include/ thefollowing/ must
ListI ofI each/ thequantity/ item
Inctude/ thedocuments/ andsignature/ theperson/ thename/ preparing/ of
Donotuse/ andlumpsum/ on/ generaIdescriptions/ values/ yourinvoices
SpecifuI eachlweight/ anddimensions/ thecontentsI ofI box

61.
62 | UNrrE
AUDIO
dr!i3
17-79
3
Documentationandfinance
Thereis a Problemwilh anurgentdelivery.Listento thethreephoneconversationsandanswer
thequestions.
Conversationr
r Whyisthecustomerin lcelandupset?
z Whydotheyneedtheconsignmentso urgently?
Conversationz
3 Whatwentwrongwiththeshipment?
4 WhendoesMsEgbertsaysheneedsthe
consignment?
Conversation3
5 Whenandhowwillthecontainersbeshippedto
lcetand?
6 Whenshouldthecontainersarrivein lceland?
I Whycouldtheconsignmentberejectedat thegate?
4 Completethe sentenceswith wordsfromthe box.Thenlisten againandcheck.
.,
'1"'t''
getback . theleastr V€fVsorry . beOK . justtatked. findout . shouldhave
,1. ...'
r tee tO . See,msthat r SOrtedsu1,r,agetOn ,.;.:.
t
2
4
5
6
7
9
10
Sorry,I haveno ideaat themoment,but l'il
oK,l'il to thisstraightaway.
l'vejustcheckeda[[thedocumentsandit weusedthewrongaddress.
I'm aboutthis,MsEgbert,butl't[do everythingI canto getthisprobtem
to youassoonasI'vespokento theforwarder.
I've to ourfreightforwardersherein theUK.
Thatwayyou
Wouldthat
themby Fridayafternoon.
foryou?
Yes,I'll
It's
that.
I cando foryou.
TAKINGACTIONAND APOTOGIZING
Aftera problemor mistakehasbeenbroughtto yourattention,it is importantto dealwithit promptiy.
Notethatwetendto usea moreformalstytein writtencommunication.
Whenrespondingtoa customer,it is a goodideato acknowledgethatweareawareof theprobtem:
Wearereplyingto youremailofAprilz4thinformingus that... (moreformal)
Thankyoufor informingus aboutan errorin ourDecemberstatement.(moreforma[)
Thanksverymuchfor pointingout themistake.
I understondthereis a confusionin addresses/deliverydates.
l'Il

62.
UNITg DocumentationandfinanceI 6it
Thenwesaywh'd.twewanttod,o(orhavedone)to solvetheproblem.Weoftenusephrasalverbswhen
tatkingabouttakinga,Ctionr
Wearelookingintothismatterandwlllcontactyouagalnlatertoday,(moreformal)
fgttslvwillgetin touchwithfhefo,mardingogentat once.
l'll fnkecareof thisstralghtaway.
I'l[getontothatnow.
I'ilseetathislmmcdiate[y.
I'll getbacktoyouonthotassoonaspossible.
Wettsualtyalsoapologizefortheproblemormistake:
Wewouldliketo apoloEi..zefar theinconvenience.(morefornal)
Vleverymuchregretthismisun'derstanding.(moreformal)
l'n ve'tysorryaboutthgt
Letmeapologizefor thisdelay/mistake/error(onceagain).
5 Comptetethesentencelrwith verbgfromthebor.
r l'll to thisimmediately.
2
3
4
5
6
CanI
oK,l'[
Fine.I'll
Thanksforlettingmeknow.l'll
Yes,we'll
toyouonthatinabouthalfanhour?
of that straightaway.
withthecourierpeopleat once.
thisrightaway.
intothecaseandcallyoubacktomorrow.
6 Xlorkwith apartnertosolveaproblem.Usephrasesfromthls unit.

63.
64 -
- 8 Documentationandfinance
:
7 Afterarrangingtheexpresstransportwiththeforwarder,Peter,thelogisticsmanagerwritesan
emailtoconfirmwhathasbeenagreed.€hoosethecorrectpreposition.
DearMsCharleswofth
AsdiscussedaVon/to1thephonethismorning,weencloseshippingorderNo09/13087-02.Please
arrangeexpresstransportoftheconsignmenttolcelandthroughCargoWorldwideExpress,asagreed.
Pleasenotethatthegoodsmustarriveon/in/at'zthecustomer'spremisesaVon/n3Selfoss,lceland,on
Friday,August22untilllolby44p.m.atthelatest.
Asagreed,theshippingcoststrom/for/to5thisconsignmentaretl,570,payableaVwithin/during6
30daysofreceiptof/from/by7invoice.PleasesendthefreightinvoiceaVon/to8thefollowingaddress:
VITACOSMETICSLtd
1BSouthRoad
Bournemouth
BHBsSX
Bestregards
PeterBott
LogisticsManager
'.Pl-s9-ll!{l$-..-'',-,,,-..'',,.",,..:-;--,r,,,::-..'.'-:..
I Weusethe prepositionsby anduntilto describedifferentsituations:
) by = somethinghappens(orshoutdhappen)not laterthana specificpointin time
Theconsignmentmust be deliveredby Friday.
until/tiil= somethingcontinuesupto a specificpointin time
Thelogisticsmanagerwill be awayuntil Friday.
-" ,..,,". *--:,,
I Completethesentenceswith byotuntil.
r l'llmakesurethatthedocumentsarrive
Wehaveto arrangeshipment
l'm afraidtherewilIbedelavs
Theysaidwewouldreceivetheconsignment
Callmeif thereareanyproblems.l'[[bein myoffice
theendof theweek.
August4th.
the beginningof Juty.
Monday.
2
5
+
6 Werequirethegoods Marchr5th
6.3otoday.

64.
UNITS Documentationandfinance| 65
I Matchthepaymentmethods(r-5)withthedefinitionr{a-f}.
1 advancepayment
z cashon delivery
3 Openaccounr
4 documentsagainstpayment
5 documentarycredit
5 bankguarantee
Customerpaysimmediatelyon receivingthegoods.This
serviceisusuatlyprovidedbythepostofflce.
Usedto coverfinancialriskin internationaltransactions
e.g.if a buyerdoesnotpay.
Theexportersupptiesthegoodsandtheimporter/customer
paysforthematanagreeddatein thefuture.
Invotvesthebuyer'sandthesel[er'sbank.lt isa promise
madebytheopeningbankthatpaymentwittbemadeon receivingdocumentsthatcomplywith
thetermsagreed.
Alsocalledcashagainstdocuments(CAD).lt meansthattheexporterhasfullcontroloverthe
documentsuntilpaymenthasbeenmadebytheimporter.
Customer/importerhasto payforthegoodsbeforetheyareshipped.
1O ftree peoplearetalkingaboutpaymentmethodsin theircompanies.Listenandcomplete
thetable.
Methodof paymentused Howsecureisit fortheseller?
(verysecure,secure,not
secure)
CompanyA:
CompanyB:
CompanyC:
11 tistenagainandsaywhichofthesestatementsaretrueZ orfatseXaccordingtothe
recordings.
r MostoftheirEuropeancustomersexpectopenaccountfacilities.
z Openaccounttermsaregoodfortheexporter.
3 Theycantakeoutspecialinsuranceagainsttheriskof non-payment.
4 A letterof creditisoftenusedforcustomersyouhaveworkedwithfora longtime.
5 A letterof creditisa verysecurepaymentmethod.
6 Mostcustomersdo notlikeadvancepavmenr.
n
n
n
I
l
n
AUDIO
s:'t.Y
20
LOWRISK
^^.
Iv
HIGHRISK
l
n
T
n
n
u

65.
66 uNiT8 Documentationandfinance
It is commonto lettradingpartnersknowwhenpaymentis requested,hasbeenmade,or has
beenreceived.Thisis usuatlydonein a shortstandardemailor letter.Morecompticated
internationaItransactionssometimesrequireadditionaIinformation.
Requestingandarrangingpayment
Pleasefind ottachedourpro formainvoicefor orderN"45-og-23.
Weenclosea copyof yourinvoice.Theoriginalwill be sentto you togetherwith the
documentson settlementof our draft.
Wehaveinstructedour bank today to transfer/remitthe amountof f6,jzo to your account
with RoyalBankof Scotland.
Pleasefind encloseda chequefor $ZqS.SSin paymentofyour invoiceN" z/o9/2457.
Weencloseour draftfor $z3,B4odrawnon PacificBank,Seattle.Couldyouplease
acknowledgereceipt?
Acknowledgingpayment
Thankyoufor your credittransferfor f4,5oo in paymentof ourJulystatement.
Ourbank hosadvisedus todaythat your tronsferfor invoiceNoFRt45 hasbeencreditedto
our account.
Wehavereceivedyour draftfor invoiceN" n349. Thankyoufor sendingit so promptly.
12 Herearesomemoresentences.ilatchthebeginningsofthesentences(r-8) withthe
endings(a-h).
r Weencloseyourstatementof
2 Ourbankinformsusthattheyhavereceivedthedocumentsandwilltransfer
3 Thankyouforsending
4 Wearepleasedto informyouthatwe havearrangedfora
5 Pleasefindenclosedourbankdraftfor ft3,468.4oas
6 Wewouldliketo informyouthattheamountof f2,567.89has
7 Pleasetransfertheamountof $z,zoo
8 Asagreed,wearesendingyou
a credittransferthroughourbankfortheamountof $zo,ooo.
b ourinvoicefororderNo9o89in duplicate.
c yourdraftforinvoiceNoSR-56o2.
d accountasof 3oSeptember.
e beencreditedto ouraccounttoday.
f to thefollowingaccount.
g paymenton proformainvoiceN"o8/5543.
h theamountof f&,67oto youraccount.
n
n
n
l
T
T
il
n

66.
UNITe Documentationandfinance| 67
lJ tookatthewordsintheboxandexerciserr anduseyourdictionary(if neeessary)tocomplete
thetabte.
Verb Noun
r remit
transfer
3 receive
draft4
5 advise
6 pay
7 credit
8 acknowledge
1/1 WrlteashortemaiItoatradingpartner.
PartnerA File08, p.Z:
PartnerB File $, p.7z
DEAt|l{Gw|THERRoRsAilDM|sTAKE5|NTRADEDocUMEt{Ts'sTATEri.EI{TsAt{D!!!-v-o|cE:..-
Whendeatingwitherrorsit is particularlyimportantto usepoliteanddiplomaticlanguage.lt is alsoa
goodideato usepassivesentencesto makeyourstatementslessdirectandpersonal.lf wewantto
' informsomeonethattherehasbeena mistake,we oftenuseimpersonalexpressionswiththeverbs
seemanoappear.
' lt seems/appeorsthat a mistskehasbeenmadewith regardto the customsinvoice.
Thereseemsto be a discrepancybetweenthe itemslistedon yourlune stotementond thegoods
delivered.
) Whencheckingyour stotement,wenoted that invoiceTX274 hasbeendebitedtwice.
I lt is importantto saywhatwewilldo or expecttheotherpersonto do:
Wearereturningyour invoiceas the 2 per centdiscounthasnot beendeductedfrom the total
amount.
: Couldyoupleaselet ushaveo corrected/anamendedinvoiceby return?
Pleaseconftrmthe correctedomountof ...
, Couldyou mokesure that weightand dimensionsof the itemsarespecifiedon the commercial
: invoice?
1t Saywhichsentencein eachpair is morepolite and/or lessdirect.
r a YouhavemadeanerrorontheDecemberstatement.
b Thereappearsto beanerrorontheDecemberstatement.
z a Thediscounthasnotbeendeductedfromthetotalamount.
b Youdidnotdeductthediscountfromthetotalamount.
3 a Thereisa discrepancybetweeninvoiceandpackinglist,
b lt appearsthatthereisa discrepancybetweeninvoiceandpackinglist.
4 a Coutdyouletushavea correctedinvoice?
b Sendusa correctedinvoice.
5 a A mistakehasbeenmadein invoiceNoo9-234.
b Thereisa mistakein invoiceNoo9-234.
6 a Usetheabovebankaccountnumberforfuturetransactions.
b Pleasemakesurethattheabovebankaccountnumberis usedforfuturetransactions.

67.
Readtheseansruersto frequentlyaskedquestiansrelatingto financialrisk in international
trade.Answerthe questi*ns below.
Handlingfinancialrisk
in internationaltrade
Whatarethemainfinancialrisksfor
companiesdoingbusi nessoyerseasT
Thefirstriskareaobviouslyhastodowiththe
customers'creditratingandstatus.There's
alwaysthedangerthatthecustomerdoesnot
payforthegoodsyouhavesupplied.Butthere
arequitea lotofothercountry-relatedtrade
riskswhichneedto beconsidered.
Couldyougivesomeexamples?
Well,thiscouldbeanythingthatdelaysor
stopstradeorpaymente.g.someunexpected
economicmeasures,politicalunrest,import
bans,orbreakdownofbankingsystemsinthe
countryyouaredoingbusinesswith.
Whatcantradersdotominimizefinancial
risks?
Beforedoingbusinessabroad,it isessential
to investigatebothcustomerandtarget
countrycarefully.Checkwhetherthepotential
customerissolvent,thenstudyyourtarget
country'saccountingandcreditpractices
andlearnsomethingaboutimportand
exportprocedures.Toreducetheriskofnon-
payment,youcantakeoutanexportcredit
insurancepolicy.
Whatpaymentmethadswouldyou
recommendforexportinggoods?
That'sadifficultquestiontoanswer.The
exportershould,ofcourse,alwaystryto
minimizefinancialriskbychoosinga secure
paymentmethode.g.advancepaymentora
confirmed,irrevocableletterofcredit.Onthe
otherhand,that'snotalwayspossibleoreven
desirable.
Whyis that?
Well,ifyouwanttodobusinessinacountry
ormarket,youhavetoseewhatpayment
facilitiesyourcompetitorsareofferingandoffer
somethingsimilar- evenifthat'snotwhaiyou
reallywant.Andsometimesexportersmay
decideagainstsecurepaymentmethodssuch
asa letterofcreditbecausethebankcharges
arehighandeatuptheirprofits.
"_
ililif"''"' .=, :....<:.:.:..:=..=
r Whatarethemainfinancialrisksin foreigntradementionedin thisarticle?
z Howcantradersreducetheirfinancialrisk?
3 Doesyourcompanyexportorimportgoods?lf yes,doyouknowwhatmethodsof payment
areused?
4 Haveyoueverheardaboutpaymentor creditproblemswithcustomers?

68.
Testyourselfl| 69
Test yourself!
Seehowmuchlogisticsvocabularyyou'velearned.
Usethe cluesto conrpletethe crosswordpuzzle.
Across
z A companywhichspecializesin arrangingandhandlingthetransportof goods.
3 Anotherwordforsend,usedin connectionwithgoods.
4 Anofferstatingpricesandconditions.
8 Howmuchsomethingisworthin money.
9 A woodenbaseonwhichgoodscanbetransported.
74 Thisiswheregoodsarestored.
t6 A companywhichtransportsgoods.
20 A companywhichprovidesgoods.
27 Tosendmoney.
23 Tochooseorselectgoods.
24 A documentthatgivesdetailsaboutthecostof somethingandisalsoa requestforpayment.
z6 Anotherwordforfreight.
27 A shipusedto transportgoodson inlandwaterways.
z8 A boxmadeof cardboard.
29 Anotherwordforconsequence,e.g.asd ....
Down
r A securepaymentmethodusedin internationaltrade.(3words- 6, z, 6)
5 A pieceof paperprovidingspecificinformation,eitherontheproductitselforthepackaging.
6 A businessthatsellsgoodsto theendconsumer.
7 Theweightof goodswhichcanbeloadedontoa vehicle.
10 A motorvehicleusedfortransportinggoods.
77 Thismeansthatsomethingbreakseasily.
72 Anotherwordforbuying.
t3 Anotherwordforinform.
15 lmportantdocumentusedin internationaltrade.(3words- 4, 2,6)
t6 A [argemetaIboxin whichgoodsareshipped.
77 Anotherwordforget.
r8 Theoppositeof export.
19 Findinganitemin transit.
22 Themeasurementsystemusedin mostcountries.
25 Toputthingsontopof eachother.
z6 A deviceusedfor liftingheavygoods.

69.
7O I Testyourself!

70.
l7t
PartnerFiles
UNITl Exercise 8 File OL
PartnerA
lob specificationfor positionasstoresupervisor
. Responsibleforstoreandinventory.
. Makepurchaserequestsforallstockeditemsthat
areat minimum.
. Receiveandprocessincomingorders.
r Ensurematerialsreceivedarein goodcondition.
o Informcustomersof collectionor detiverydates.
. Checkinvoicesagainstorders.
UNIT2 €xercise 7 File O2
PaftnerA
IndiaLogisticsLtd- IntemationalFreight
Fonvarders
HighqualityinternationaIfreightforwarding
servicesfromIndia.
Airandseafreight,distributionservices,order
management,customsbrokerage.
Manyyearsof experiencein shippinggoodsquickly
andcost-effectively.
Sophisticatedsoftwareto preparedocuments
quicklyandcorrectly.
IJSIIT3 Exereise 12 File O3
PartnerA
r examineatlpurchasingprocessesin the
companyto seewherewecanmakeprocurement
moreefficient
z sortitemsto beboughtintodifferentcategories
accordingto theirimportanceandvalue
3 devetopa systemof preferredsuppliers
(suppliersmustmeetcertaincriteriaandgo
throughformaIapprovaIprocess)
UNIT4 Exercise 1O File O4
PartnerA
Flat-rackcontainer
suitablefor:heavyloads,e.g.industriatmachinery,
pipes
consistsof:steeIframewitha tlmberfloor,withor
withoutcollaosibleendwalls
loading:fromthesideup
UNIT5 Exercise 11
PartnerA
File O5
zoftstandardcontainer
Max.paytoad: 47,999lb zt,7z7kg
Tareweight: 4,9t6lb z,zz9kg
Capacity: r,r72cuft 33.18m:
lnsidelength: t9 ft 4in 5.89m
lnsidewidth: 7 ft B in 233 m
lnsideheight: 7 ft rc in 238 m
UNIT6 Exercise I File OG
PartnerA
A consignmentof 35 laptopcomputershasbeen
detiveredto thecompany'sbranchin Hanoiinstead
of HoChiMinhCity.Thedistributioncentregave
youthewrongaddress.Youhavejustarranged
transportto HoChiMinhCitybyVietnamAir.The
computersshouldarriveon Friday.
PartnerA
Youarea customerin Canada.Youareexpecting
to havesomethingpickedupfromyourpremises
tomorrowat 9 a.m.
UNIT7 Exercise ? FileO7
PartnerA
o invoicesareautomaticallygenerated
. accuratestockcontroIandwarehousetracking
. hand-heldlaserscannersprovidespeedand
accuracy
r processingof pickedgoods
UNIT8 Exercise 14
PartnerA (buyer)
o YouhavereceivedproformainvoiceNo3598
- thankDartnerB.
. Thebankdraftfor€6,1+Saspaymentis
enctosed.
. Askfordetailsregardingshippingdateand
expectedarrivaIof consignment.
File OB

71.
721
PartnerFiles
UNIT1 Exercise I File 09
PartnerB
fob specificationfor positionasdistribution
manager
o Extensiveknowledgeof currenttariffs,rates,and
importandexportregulations.
r Monitorshippingoperations.
r Hireandtrainstaff.
o Developbusinessplans.
o Assesswarehouseoperationsandprovide
feedback.
r Ensurethe budgetis notoverspent.
UNIT2 Exercise 7 File10
PartnerB
BatticLogistics- LogisticsServices
Officesin atlthreeBalticStates.
Airandseafreight,warehousinganddistribution
services.
Integrated,flexibtelogisticssolutions.
Teamof 5o logisticsspeciatists.
UNIT S €xercise 12 Fite 11
PartnerB
r reducethe numberof suppliersto 10-15
z useonlinecatalogueforroutineitems(prices
havealreadybeennegotiatedbythepurchasing
department)
3 takea closelookat existingsupplier
retationshipsandthinkaboutestabtishing
long-termpartnershipswithsomesuppliersof
imoortantitems
UNIT4 Exercise 1O File 12
PartnerB
Bulkcontainer
suitablefor:unpackageddrybutkcargo,e.g.grain
extras:linerbagscoatedformoistureprotection
loading:severalspoutsanddischargetubesfor
loadingandunloading
UNIT5Exerciset1
PartnerB
File 13
zoft reefer
Max.payload: 45,76oIb
Tareweight: 7,o4olb
Capacity: r, ooocuft
Insidelength: r7 ft B in
lnsidewidth: ZftSin
lnsideheight: 7ft5in
&JNIT6 Exerelse 9 File 14
PartnerB
Youarethemanagerof an lTstorein HoChiMinh
City.Youwereexpectinga deliveryof 35 taptop
computers.Youneedthecomputersto arriveby
Fridaymorning.
PartnerB
Youhavejustcheckedthedocumentsfora
shipmentto a customerin Canadaandnoticedthat
thereissomethingwrong.Thepalletheightis not
thesameasin thepackinglistandtheshipping
labelsarenotcorrecteither.Youneedto waitfor
correctdocuments.That'swhypick-uptimemustbe
changedto t2.3otomorrow.
UNIT7 Exercise 7
PartnerB
File 15
o preparationandprintingofshippingtabels
. inter-warehousetransfers
. handlingof returns
. scanningof caselabetbarcodes
2o,756kg
3,193kg
z83t mz
5.38m
z.z6m
z.z6m
UNITI Exereise 14
PartnerB(selter)
. Youhavereceivedbankdraftaspaymenton in-
voiceNo3598- thankpartnerA.
o Theconsignmentis dueto leaveLiverpoolon r
September,expectedarrivalin Churchitl,Canada,
onSeptemberr5th.
File 1&

72.
lzs
Answer key
ry
STARTER
Suggestedansweni
purchasing,procurement,transportation,
maintenance,distribution,inventorymanagement,
stockcontrol,storage,freightfonruarding
1
1 storage
z delivery
3 provide
4 distribution
5 support,maintenance
ru
2
r provision
2 to store
3 support
4 to deliver
5 to distribute
6 maintenance
7 to transport
8 to purchase
maintenance
deliver
purchasing
provide
transports
slore
zf 3e 4a 5c 6b
re
5
1
2
6
7
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
il
7
1e 2a 3h 4C Sb 6d lf 8c
il
provide
informabout
ensure
check
organize
train
-
tl
1 Mycompanyprovidesanexcellentdelivery
service,
z Howmuchcargodoyouhandleperyear?
3 Wedonotshipchemicalproductsto other
countries.
4 Thewarehousemanagerisalsoresponsibtefor
vehiclesandmachinery.
5 Doesthisvendorsupplycarpartsto foreign
companies?
6 A freightfonararderusuattyarranges
documentationforcompanies.
t3
Across
4 cargo
5 stock
6 tiaise
Down
r olan
2 quote
3 monitor
5 ship
il
STARTER
fullcontainerload
third-partytogistics
heavygoodsvehicle
distributioncentre
lessthancontainerload
electronicdatainterchange
vatue-addedservices
radiofrequencyidentification
9 IntemationalStandardsOrganization
ro GtobalPositioningSystem
-
1
1c 2e 3a 4d Sb 6h 7S 8f
9
2
3
4
5
6
3
t
2
3
4
5
6
4
rd
freightforwarder
shippingopemtionsmanager
warehousemanager
organize
deating
negotiating
arrange
makesure
advise
tiaise
enSure
L
2
3
4
5
6
8

73.
4 point
5 retailer
6 generated
7 datainterchange
8 schedule
9 inventory
ro processing
ffi
4
1c Systemisactivatedatthepointofsale.
zf Salesinformationistransferredto theCRP
computersystem.
3a Ordersaregeneratedbasedondatareceived
fromcashregister.
4d Ordersaresentto thewarehouse.
5e Ordersareprocessed.
6b Goodsaredeliveredto theretailoutlet.
5
r ismonitored
z isoftenused
3 aretransferred;aredelivered
4 isidentified;isco-ordinated
5 arecategorized
ffi
6
a3 bS c7 d4 e2
7
r relationship
z 3PLproviders
3 pr0curement
4 vendors
5 futfilment
6 supptychain
7 negotiation
8 command
8
r strategicprocurementandsupplierretationship
management
2 manageinternalandexternaIcustomers,
optimizeprocesses,orderfutfilmentandlogistics
LU5L5
3 withtheprocurementteam
4 degreeinsupptychainmanagementorlogistics
management
5 minimumoffiveyearsina multinational
company,ranguages
ffi
9
1 moreco-operativerelationship,strategic
partnership
z lowercostsconsiderablyandworkmore
efficientty
3 marketleader
4 pharmaceuticalproducts
5 long-termagreement
Answerkey | 75
1()
tc zd 3f 4b 5a 6e
ffi
77
Suggestedanswer
DearLuke
Wehavetalkedaboutpossiblecostsavingsin
purchasinginourteam.Wealsothinkit woutdbea
goodideato discussthisinmoredetail.
Wefeeltherewouldbea lotofsavingpotentialin
someareas,especiattyinsuppliermanagement.
Inouropinionweshoutd:
r chooseoursupptiersmorecarefulty
z establishstricterstandardsforoursupptiers
3 co-operatemorecloselywithsomeofour
importantsuppliers(toachievebetterresults).
l'llcaltyounextweekto giveyousomemoredetails
onthat.
Regards
Mike
t3
r Pleasefindattachedourquotationforthreenew
productsaccordingto yourrequest.
z Ourpricesarecalculatedonthebasisofyour
forecastofannualconsumptionfigures.
3 Asrequestedwewilldeliveronpalletsto
BarcetonaorMadrid.
4 Fora contracttermofat leasttwoyearswecan
offeryoua discountof z,5o/o,
5 Intheattachedquotationsheetallprices
havebeenlistedin columnsaccordingto your
requirements.
5 lfyouhaveanyfurtherquestionspleaseletme
know.
7 Welookforwardto hearingfromyousoon.
ffi
14
1c zf 3e 4a Sb 6d
75
Suggestedanswer
Dear...
Pleasefind attachedourquotationfor ourGPS
system'RoadNavigatorTX-z3oo'.
Wecanofferyou a priceof $975.ooperitem
includingVATat r5%.
lf yourorderexceedsro items,we canofferan
additionaldiscountof 8%.Deliverywill be made
within6 daysof receiptof purchaseorder.
lf you haveanyfurtherquestions,pleaselet me
know.
Roct raqardc