SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 13
NORMALIZAREA DATELOR
Obiectivele lectiei:
 Definitia operatiei de normalizare a datelor.
 Descrierea formelor de normalizare a
datelor
 Rezolvarea problemelor astfel incat
entitatile sa respecte cele trei forme de
normalizare.
NORMALIZARE
Normalizarea se referă la procesul de creare
a unei structuri relaţionale eficiente, flexibile
care aşează fiecare dată într-un singur loc,
care este şi cel mai potrivit loc, astfel încât
operaţiile de adăugare, modificare, ştergere
să se facă într-un singur tabel.
Anomaliile care pot sa apara la o
baza de date nemormalizata sunt:
 Anomalii la actualizarea datelor
 Anomalii de inserare
 Anomalii de stergere
PRIMA FORMA DE NORMALIZARE
UN ATRIBUT NU POATE AVEA VALORI
CARE SE REPETĂ.
Daca un atribut are valori multiple, sau un grup
de atribute se repeta, atunci se creeaza o
entitate suplimentara pe care o legam de
entitatea originala printr-o relatie 1:m
Deoarece la o materie un elev poate
avea mai multe note, s-a creat o entitate
noua, NOTE, astfel incat fiecare elev poate
primi oricate note la o disciplina.
FORMA A II-a DE NORMALIZARE
ORICE ATRIBUT CE NU E UID SĂ
DEPINDĂ DE ÎNTREGUL UID
Se aplică în mod special entităţilor care au un
UID compus din mai multe atribute sau dintr-
un attribut şi o relaţie.
Acest exemplu respecta
forma 2 de normalizare.
În acest ERD,
bank_location depinde
numai de bancă, nu şi de
contul persoanei şi astfel
încalcă Forma de
Normalizare 2
Se observă că data_nasterii şi adresa sunt două
atribute care depind doar de id-ul angajatului nu de
întregul UID care este combinaţia dintre atributele
id_dep si id_angajat. Această situaţie se rezolvă prin
crearea unei noi entităţi ANGAJAT, pe care o legăm
de entitatea DEPARTAMENT printr-o relaţie 1:m.
Exemplu
Durata depinde numai de
SONG.
Event_date depinde numai
de eveniment.
FORMA A III-a DE NORMALIZARE
UN ATRIBUT CE NU E UID NU TREBUIE SĂ
DEPINDĂ DE ALT ATRIBUT NON-UID.
Exemplu
În acest exemplu, store adress
depinde de store name.
Soluţia acestei probleme este să
creăm o nouă entitate, STORE,
care va conţine cele două atribute.
Atributul biografie_autor nu depinde de ISBN ci de
atributul autor. Nerezolvarea acestei situaţii duce la
memorarea de date redundante, deoarece biografia
unui autor va fi memorată pentru fiecare carte scrisă
de autorul respectiv. Rezolvarea acestei situaţii este
să creăm o nouă entitate AUTOR, pe care o legăm de
entitatea CARTE printr-o relaţie 1:m

More Related Content

Featured

2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot
2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
 
Everything You Need To Know About ChatGPT
Everything You Need To Know About ChatGPTEverything You Need To Know About ChatGPT
Everything You Need To Know About ChatGPTExpeed Software
 
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage Engineerings
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsProduct Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage Engineerings
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
 
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental Health
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthHow Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental Health
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
 
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdf
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfAI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdf
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
 
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024Neil Kimberley
 
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)contently
 
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024Albert Qian
 
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie InsightsSocial Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie InsightsKurio // The Social Media Age(ncy)
 
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
 
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
 
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
 
Getting into the tech field. what next
Getting into the tech field. what next Getting into the tech field. what next
Getting into the tech field. what next Tessa Mero
 
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search IntentGoogle's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search IntentLily Ray
 
Time Management & Productivity - Best Practices
Time Management & Productivity -  Best PracticesTime Management & Productivity -  Best Practices
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesVit Horky
 
The six step guide to practical project management
The six step guide to practical project managementThe six step guide to practical project management
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
 
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...RachelPearson36
 

Featured (20)

2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot
2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot
2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot
 
Everything You Need To Know About ChatGPT
Everything You Need To Know About ChatGPTEverything You Need To Know About ChatGPT
Everything You Need To Know About ChatGPT
 
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage Engineerings
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsProduct Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage Engineerings
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage Engineerings
 
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental Health
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthHow Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental Health
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental Health
 
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdf
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfAI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdf
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdf
 
Skeleton Culture Code
Skeleton Culture CodeSkeleton Culture Code
Skeleton Culture Code
 
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024
 
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)
 
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024
 
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie InsightsSocial Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
 
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
 
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
 
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
 
Getting into the tech field. what next
Getting into the tech field. what next Getting into the tech field. what next
Getting into the tech field. what next
 
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search IntentGoogle's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
 
How to have difficult conversations
How to have difficult conversations How to have difficult conversations
How to have difficult conversations
 
Introduction to Data Science
Introduction to Data ScienceIntroduction to Data Science
Introduction to Data Science
 
Time Management & Productivity - Best Practices
Time Management & Productivity -  Best PracticesTime Management & Productivity -  Best Practices
Time Management & Productivity - Best Practices
 
The six step guide to practical project management
The six step guide to practical project managementThe six step guide to practical project management
The six step guide to practical project management
 
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
 

Normalizarea datelor

  • 1. NORMALIZAREA DATELOR Obiectivele lectiei:  Definitia operatiei de normalizare a datelor.  Descrierea formelor de normalizare a datelor  Rezolvarea problemelor astfel incat entitatile sa respecte cele trei forme de normalizare.
  • 2. NORMALIZARE Normalizarea se referă la procesul de creare a unei structuri relaţionale eficiente, flexibile care aşează fiecare dată într-un singur loc, care este şi cel mai potrivit loc, astfel încât operaţiile de adăugare, modificare, ştergere să se facă într-un singur tabel.
  • 3. Anomaliile care pot sa apara la o baza de date nemormalizata sunt:  Anomalii la actualizarea datelor  Anomalii de inserare  Anomalii de stergere
  • 4. PRIMA FORMA DE NORMALIZARE UN ATRIBUT NU POATE AVEA VALORI CARE SE REPETĂ. Daca un atribut are valori multiple, sau un grup de atribute se repeta, atunci se creeaza o entitate suplimentara pe care o legam de entitatea originala printr-o relatie 1:m
  • 5. Deoarece la o materie un elev poate avea mai multe note, s-a creat o entitate noua, NOTE, astfel incat fiecare elev poate primi oricate note la o disciplina.
  • 6.
  • 7. FORMA A II-a DE NORMALIZARE ORICE ATRIBUT CE NU E UID SĂ DEPINDĂ DE ÎNTREGUL UID Se aplică în mod special entităţilor care au un UID compus din mai multe atribute sau dintr- un attribut şi o relaţie.
  • 8. Acest exemplu respecta forma 2 de normalizare. În acest ERD, bank_location depinde numai de bancă, nu şi de contul persoanei şi astfel încalcă Forma de Normalizare 2
  • 9. Se observă că data_nasterii şi adresa sunt două atribute care depind doar de id-ul angajatului nu de întregul UID care este combinaţia dintre atributele id_dep si id_angajat. Această situaţie se rezolvă prin crearea unei noi entităţi ANGAJAT, pe care o legăm de entitatea DEPARTAMENT printr-o relaţie 1:m.
  • 10. Exemplu Durata depinde numai de SONG. Event_date depinde numai de eveniment.
  • 11. FORMA A III-a DE NORMALIZARE UN ATRIBUT CE NU E UID NU TREBUIE SĂ DEPINDĂ DE ALT ATRIBUT NON-UID.
  • 12. Exemplu În acest exemplu, store adress depinde de store name. Soluţia acestei probleme este să creăm o nouă entitate, STORE, care va conţine cele două atribute.
  • 13. Atributul biografie_autor nu depinde de ISBN ci de atributul autor. Nerezolvarea acestei situaţii duce la memorarea de date redundante, deoarece biografia unui autor va fi memorată pentru fiecare carte scrisă de autorul respectiv. Rezolvarea acestei situaţii este să creăm o nouă entitate AUTOR, pe care o legăm de entitatea CARTE printr-o relaţie 1:m