Equation of Reproduction Factors
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The document outlines an equation of reproduction that determines calving percentage based on 4 factors: A) the percentage of herd detected in heat, B) inseminator efficiency, C) herd fertility level, and D) semen fertility level. It states the percentage of pregnancies equals the product of these 4 factors and cannot be larger than the smallest percentage. It then provides more details on what influences each factor.
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Equation of Reproduction Factors
- 1. CHAPTER 1 EQUATION OF REPRODUCTION
Editor's Notes
- As we begin this course, we will start with an equation of reproduction containing 4 variable and independent factors. Focusing on these and managing them will help assure a successful reproduction program!
- These 4 factors are critical to determining the pregnancy level of a herd.
- To determine the percent of pregnancies to be expected from a one cycle breeding, you multiply the factors. In other words: A x B x C x D = percent pregnancies. Notice that this is not an average, but a product of multiplication. The total cannot be larger than the smallest percentage in this equation. Now, let’s take a look at the factors. As we do, think of the ways we can manage these factors to maximize each of them.
- Factor A is the percentage of cows that are detected in heat. This will be directly affected by the recovery time since calving. Cows return to heat in the order they calve, first calf heifers will require more time. Have you allowed enough time? (45 days minimum for cows.) The percent of cows that show heat or heat occurrence and the nutritional adequacies of the cow herd before and after calving. A cow’s order of life is 1) to get enough feed to survive, 2) to reproduce if number 1 is met, and 3) to produce enough milk to raise her calf. Declining body condition adversely affects estrus and fertility.
- Factor B relates to the inseminator’s competency. Does he or she handle the semen properly? Do they use good hygiene? Are they placing the semen on target; and what is their level of experience? Will you be as efficient next week when you go home as you will be a year from now? Remember the inseminator can talk back.
- Factor C relates to the fertility level of the cow herd. Is the herd free from disease? Is the herd on a herd health program of vaccinations and parasite control? What’s the herd management efficiency? What has been the length of postpartum waiting period? Were there any metabolic diseases postpartum? Did the body condition scores change postpartum?
- Factor D relates to the fertility of semen. Involved in this is the capability of the bull or bulls to produce quality semen. What’s the competency of the laboratory procedures and how was the semen handled as it gets to you and the end user? Is the processor a NAAB member?
- So, in summary, let’s remember that we are dealing with 4 variable and independent factors. How well we manage each of them will determine the calving percentage of any breeding program.