The internet of things the next technology revolution

1. © 2012 MIMOS Berhad. All Rights Reserved. Usman Sarwar Internet of Things Lab Wireless Communication Cluster Internet of Things: The next technology revolution 3rd International Conference on Network Applications, protocols and Services (NetAPPS) 2012, 20 Sep 2012

3. IoT definition • “Internet of Things: Anytime, anywhere, by anyone and anything.” By ITU, November 2005 • “A global network infrastructure, linking physical and virtual objects through the exploitation of data capture and communication capabilities. This infrastructure includes existing and evolving Internet and network developments. It will offer specific object-identification, sensor and connection capability as the basis for the development of independent cooperative services and applications. These will be characterised by a high degree of autonomous data capture, event transfer, network connectivity and interoperability”. by EU CASAGRAS Project • “The vision of the internet of things is to attach tiny devices to every single object to make it identifiable by its own unique IP address. These devices can then autonomously communicate with one another.” By FinancialTimes • “Things with identities & virtual personalities operating in smart spaces using intelligent interfaces to connect and communicate within social, environmental, and user contexts.” by MIMOS Bhd 3 © 2012 MIMOS Berhad. All Rights Reserved.

4. Characteristics of IoT Internet of Things Computing Anytime Any content Content Anyone Anybody Collection Any Service Any Business Communication Any path Any Network Connectivity Any place Anywhere Convergence Anything Any device “We are heading into a new era of ubiquity, where the users of the Internet will be counted in billions, and where humans may become the minority as generators and receivers of traffic. Changes brought about by the Internet will be dwarfed by those prompted by the networking of everyday objects “ – UN report 4 © 2012 MIMOS Berhad. All Rights Reserved.

5. Importance • IoT will be the most important industrial trend in the next 10 years. • By 2020, IoT can become a new round of growth, potentially trillion dollar industry. • US, China and Korean upgraded IoT to a national strategic level industry 5 © 2012 MIMOS Berhad. All Rights Reserved.

6. IoT Challenges User based Interaction Machine to Machine Millions of connections Trillions of connections Little mobility High Mobility Data Information User Managed Self Managed 6 © 2012 MIMOS Berhad. All Rights Reserved.

7. Today’s Internet of Things “behaviour” © 2012 MIMOS Berhad. All Rights Reserved. Real-time location- based info. 74% Weather apps 60% Maps/Navigation/ Search 51% Health apps 29% Want connecte system in car 60% Share more content From more resources With more people more often more quickly Motivators Payment apps 71% User Experience with enriched services/products Source: TrendsSpottting; IBM; Gartner; Ericsson

9. Internet Revolution Today • 1.5 B internet enabled PC • >1B Internet enabled cell phones 2020 • 50-100 B devices connected to Internet • No. of mobile machine sessions will be 30x higher than mobile person sessions • 100,000 B objects connected 1990’s WWW 2000’s Mobile Internet New era Internet of Things 19th Century Machines learn to do 20th Century Machines learn to think 21st Century Machines learn to perceive (sense & respond) 9 © 2012 MIMOS Berhad. All Rights Reserved.

11. Challenges • Standardization • Heterogeneous platforms, communication and software data sources and formats • Hardware, software and data compatibility • Making gap smaller between people and technology • Building robust applications • Interoperability 11 © 2012 MIMOS Berhad. All Rights Reserved.

12. IoT Technological Developments Development Areas Before 2010 2010-2015 >2015 Identification Technologies •Different Schemes •Domain specific IDs •ISO, GS1, u-code, IPv6, etc •Unified framework for unique identifiers •Open framework for IoT •URIs •Identity Management •Semantics •Privacy-awareness •“Things DNA” identifier IoT Architecture Technology •IoT architecture specification •Context-sensitive middleware •Intelligent reasoning platforms •IoT architecture developments •Network of networks architecture •IoT architecture in the FI •F-O-T platforms interoperability •Adaptive, context based architectures •Self-* properties •Cognitive architectures •Experiential architecture Communication Technology •RFID, UWB, Wi-Fi, WiMax, Bluetooth, ZigBee, ISA100, 6LoWPAN •Ultra low power chipsets, system on chip •On chip antennas •Millimeter wave single chips •Ultra low power single chip radios •Ultra low power system on chip •Mobility •Heterogeneity •Wide spectrum and spectrum aware protocol •Unified protocol over wide spectrum Network Technology •Sensor networks •Self aware & self organizing network •Delay tolerance networks •Storage networks and power networks •Hybrid networking technologies •Sensor network location transparency •Network context awareness •Network cognition •Self learning, self repairing network 12 © 2012 MIMOS Berhad. All Rights Reserved.

13. IoT Technological Developments Development Areas Before 2010 2010-2015 >2015 Software and Algorithm •Relational database integration •IoT oriented RDBMS •Event-based platforms •Sensor middleware •Sensor network middleware •Proximity / localization algorithms •Large scale, open semantic software modules •Next generation IoT-based social software •Next generation IoT-based enterprise applications •Distributed intelligence, problem solving •The invisible IoT •Easy to deploy IoT software •Things to Human collaborations •IoT for all Hardware •RFID tags and sensors •Sensors build in mobile devices •NFC in mobile phones •Smaller and cheaper •MEMs technology •Multi protocol, multi standards reader •More sensors and actuators •Secure, low cost tags, sensors •Smart sensors (Bio-chem) •More sensors and actuators (tiny sensors) •Nano-technology and new materials Data & Signal Processing Technology •Serial data processing •Parallel data processing •Quality of services •Energy, frequency spectrum aware data processing, •Data processing context adaptable •Context aware data processing and •data responses •Cognitive processing and •optimisation Discovery and Search Engine Technology •Sensor network ontologies •Domain specific name services •Distributed registries, search and •discovery mechanisms •Semantic discovery of sensors and sensor data •Automatic route tagging and •Identification •Automatic route tagging and •identification management centres •Cognitive search engines •Autonomous search engines 13 © 2012 MIMOS Berhad. All Rights Reserved.

14. IoT Technological Developments Development Areas Before 2010 2010-2015 >2015 Power and Energy Storage Technologies •Thin batteries •Li-Ion •Flat batteries •Power optimized systems •(energy management) •Energy harvesting (electrostatic, •piezoelectric) •Short and medium range •wireless power •Energy harvesting •Printed batteries •Long range wireless power •Self-Power •Energy recycling •Wireless power •Biodegradable batteries •Nano-power processing unit Security and Privacy Technologies •Security mechanism and protocol defined (RFID & WSN) •Security mechanisms and protocols for RFID and WSN •devices •User centric context-aware privacy and policy •Privacy aware data processing •Security & Privacy profiles based on needs •Privacy needs automatic evaluation •Context centric security •Self adaptive security mechanisms and protocols Material Technology •Silicon, Cu, Al Metallization •3D processes •SiC, GaN •Silicon •Improved/new semiconductor manufacturing processes / technologies for •higher temperature ranges •Diamond Standardization •RFID security •Passive RFID with expanded memory and read/write capability •IoT standardization •M2M •Interoperability •Standards for cross interoperability with heterogeneous networks 14 © 2012 MIMOS Berhad. All Rights Reserved.

15. The Next Big Internet Internet of Things Trillion nodes Fringe Internet Billion nodes Core Internet Million nodes Smart metering Transportation Logistics Industrial Automation Personal sensors Phones Building Automation 15 © 2012 MIMOS Berhad. All Rights Reserved.

20. Internet of Things : Hierarchy of Needs © 2012 MIMOS Berhad. All Rights Reserved. Consumer Enterprise Cost saving Safety Safety & security of personal & asset Physiological/ Necessities Health, food & utilities supply and comfort shelter Employee satisfaction Esteem Empowerment, Autonomously & Self- determined New source of revenue Customer satisfaction Self-actualization Personal fulfillment Organization agility Revenue generation Collaboration Love/ Belonging Socialization; Personalization • Retail & Media [US$16.2B; CAGR @ 8.2% • Insurance [US$24B] • Education • Home security [US$12B; CAGR@33%] • Industrial [US$46B] • Agriculture [US$2B; CAGR@11%] • Healthcare [US$12B; CAGR@36%] • Utilities [US$16B] • Logistics & Transporta [US$106B; CAGR @ 22 • Banking • Public safety [US$16.2B] • Automotive – Telematics [US$37B; CAGR @ 27%] Note: Figure indicate forecast revenue in 2015 in US$ billion; CAGR for 2011-2015 IoT : Blueprint

21. Internet of things value proposition oT : Blueprint © 2012 MIMOS Berhad. All Rights Reserved. Humanbased High intelligent @ Dynamic environment @ System Low intelligent @ Static environment @ device Information mining [US$47B] Automation & Monitor [US$25B] Artificial Intelligence [US$95B] Machinebase Decision support [US$30B] • Data collection • Embedded devices • Static devices • Routine process • Process optimization • Optimize resource consumption • Complex autonomous sys. • Situational awareness • Smart system • Intelligent robotics • Experience enhancement • Sensor driven analysis • New Knowledge generation Strategic value proposition Note: [ ] indicates forecast global market revenue by 2017 21

22. IoT market space in 2020 with presence of ~50 billion connected devices : US$2 trillion Source: Smart 2020; Machine Research; KPMG; Ericson; http://engage.acma.gov.au/mobile- broadband-2020/ 1000X data traffic growth with revenue opportunity : US$700B Business revenue : US$ 1.2 trillion 22 © 2012 MIMOS Berhad. All Rights Reserved.

24. Rise of Machines Year 2020 scenario…… IoT : Blueprint © 2012 MIMOS Berhad. All Rights Reserved. Internet connected devices 50B Utility meters 3B + Mobile consumers with 7 connected devices 7.6 B • People with chronic welfare diseases • Automotive & transportation 1B + Mobile Computing & M2M US$77B Connected life spending US$4.7T Annual mobile monitoring devices & services US$43B 25 RFID US$20B Source: TrendsSpottting; IBM; Gartner; Ericsson

26. • Costs of energy, transport and health • Huge inefficiency in energy, transport and health related processes • Environmental threat • Security threat • Untapped potentials of ICT as smart enablers Drivers • Energy distribution and management • Transport, mobility, architecture, urban planning • Production, waste disposal, recycling • Health, well being • Sports, leisure, culture Opportunities Today’s Drivers and Opportunities 27 © 2012 MIMOS Berhad. All Rights Reserved.

27. Enablement technologies Device • Power mgmt. system • Power & energy storage • Security • Privacy • Identity access mgmt. • Authentication & Authorization • Standards • IoT architecture • Network discovery • Communication • Infrastructure • Relationship network management • Cost effective Identification mgmt/tagging mechanism • Hardware : Miniaturization, self- managed • Computing power • Storage • Software & Algorithms • Data aggregation • Data & signal processing • Data integration/fusion • Discovery & search engine • Object/Sensor/RFID-based apps. • Analytical tools • Intelligence tools 28 © 2012 MIMOS Berhad. All Rights Reserved.

29. IoT Global Research Need Before 2010 2010-2015 >2015 IoT Architecture Technology •Intranet •Extranet •Internet (global scale applications, global interoperability) Communication Technology •Zigbee, 6LoWPAN, UWB •Long range •Protocols for interoperability •Plug and play tags •On Chip networks and multi standard RF architectures •Self configuring protocol, seamless networks Network Technology •Broadband Different networks (WSN, mobile networks) •Cloud network •Hybrid network •Ad hoc network formation •Self organising wireless mesh networks •Multi authentication •Integrated/universal authentication •Internet of Everything 30 © 2012 MIMOS Berhad. All Rights Reserved.

30. IoT Global Research Need Before 2010 2010-2015 >2015 Software and Algorithm •Service oriented architectures •Embedded software •Micro operating systems •Self management and control •Scalable autonomous software •Evolving software •Self reusable software •Autonomous things •Self configurable •Self healing •Self management Hardware •MEMS •Low power circuits, chipsets, tags •Antenna on chip •Collaborative tags •Self powering sensors •Biodegradable antennas Security and Privacy Technologies •Power efficient security algorithms •Adaptation of symmetric encryption and public key algorithms from active to passive tags •Context based security •Service triggered security •Cognitive security systems Standardization •WSN •RFID •M2M •Adoption of standards for “intelligent” IoT devices •Evolutionary standards 31 © 2012 MIMOS Berhad. All Rights Reserved.

32. • Gathering of information from various implementation scenarios based on the following parameters Requirements Parameters Description Deployment •Pre-planned, scattered Mobility •Nodes are static, low mobility, high mobility Network Size •Small to high density nodes Power Source •Battery operated, mains-powered, mix-mode Security •Business critical, safety critical and not critical Multi-hop Communication •Mesh topology, star topology, ad-hoc Connectivity •Always connected, intermittent Traffic Pattern •P2P, P2MP, MP2P QoS Limited to High level of QoS 33 © 2012 MIMOS Berhad. All Rights Reserved.

34. Comm. between Gateway and Personnel Tracking Application (IP Communication) Comm. between Tracking node and the Gateway (802.15.4 Communication) WCC Personnel Tracking Deployment INTERNET Personel Tracking System Mobile Personnel Tracking Application Gateway-2 Gateway-1 35 © 2012 MIMOS Berhad. All Rights Reserved.

37. IoT Research around the world Organization Research European Commission – Internet of Things •The research is divided into groups and many organizations involve in various IoT research Pachube www.pachube.com •Data brokerage platform for the internet of things, managing millions of data points per day from thousands of individuals, organisations & companies around the world. HP CeNSE •Dramatically improve the manageability, power, and availability of future computing systems. •Significantly improve performance/cost of systems by leveraging future technology (e.g., nanophotonics, memristors, etc.). •Build new scalable, reliable and cost-effective cloud storage systems and develop systems to deal with the information explosion of unstructured data. •Advance coding, compression, and other information-theoretic technologies in support of next-generation memories, massive sensor networks, storage systems, and high-reliability computing. 38 © 2012 MIMOS Berhad. All Rights Reserved.

38. Nike + shoes • The most well-known example of sensors in a non computing device. • The shoes come with a sensor that tracks individual run and sends the data to iPod. It even has its own social network and can automatically tweet and post a status report on Facebook. • Nike + can be set up to automatically post to Foursquare. 39 © 2012 MIMOS Berhad. All Rights Reserved.

39. Smart Public Transportation System •Backhaul – 4G, WiMAX, GSM, HSDPA •GPS Module •802.15.4 Module •Environmental Sensors attached •Gas Sensors: CO, CO2, NO2 •Weather Sensors: Temperature, Air Pressure, Humidity •802.15.4 Module Internal sensors •Movement detection sensor (for detecting the number of passengers) user Ethernet ADSL Fiber HSDPA HSDPA/ WiMAX /LTE SPT Server Mobile Device IoT Infor- Board Payment System •NFC device •Mobile payment 40 © 2012 MIMOS Berhad. All Rights Reserved.

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