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Embryonic Stem Cell Research Bio 76 Colston Gamble Presentation 051109
- 1. Life in Man’s Hands EMBRYONIC STEM CELL RESEARCH 2009 Biology 76 Research Group PresentationPresented by Tobey Colston & Yvonne Gamble Laney College May 11, 2009
- 3. Historical background - new science is 40 years old
- 5. How does US compare to other countries?
- 6. Reasons to use ES Cells
- 7. Rationale not to use ES Cells
- 8. Controversy
- 12. What are Embryonic Stem Cells? What are stem cells Unspecialized cells Can become all cells types in the body What makes stems cells unique Ability to renew & regenerate Potential to differentiate EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS
- 13. CATEGORIZATION OF STEM CELLS Totipotent: Potential is total; it gives rise to all the different types of cells in the body. Multipotent: Stem cells that can give rise to a small number of different cell types Pluripotent: Stem cells can give rise to any type of cell in the body except those needed to develop a fetus.
- 15. Somatic cell nuclear transfer
- 20. Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells(iPS) Induce adult cells to act like embryonic stem cells Tranfected with stem cell associated genes Viral vectors transport 4 pivotal genes 4 pivotal genes make cell pluripotent Harvest and culture into stem cell line ES cells match donor – 100% HEART BRAIN
- 21. Value in using Stem Cells Regenerative medicine treatments Repair of paralyzed mice Testing new drugs and medicine Hydroxy Cut Understanding cellular generation to correct errors caused by disease
- 22. “POLITICS OF EMBRYONIC STEM CELL RESEARCH” Historical background on research restrictions past and present; comparative to other countries. Add relevant picture
- 24. “Restore scientific integrity in governmental decision-making,”
- 25. "Advances with regard to science and technology help advance our overall national goals around economic growth and job creation.”SOURCE CNN ONLINE MARCH 9, 2009
- 26. International Political Perspective on Embryonic Stem Cell Research Governments around the world have had varying degrees of acceptance. Some countries have moved forward aggressively in their research. Many International governments fund up to 90% of Embryonic Stem Cell Research.
- 27. “WHY WE SHOULD OR SHOULD NOT USE ES CELLS” Rationale to use or not to use ES cells in research/manufacturing. Contrasting perspective on legal, financial, medical, military, personal, social, and environmental.
- 28. Why we should use ES Cells Research/Manufacturing MEDICAL Disease treatment Parkinson's Disease No immune rejection Cells, tissues, organs genetically match patient Transplant organ development Bladder
- 29. Why we should use ES Cells Research/Manufacturing ENVIRONMENTAL Test toxicity of chemicals, pollutants and presence of biological agents MILITARY Recently developed neural transmitter cell kits detect chemical threats
- 30. Why we should use ES Cells Research/Manufacturing LEGAL – International Standard of Operation FINANCIAL – Boost economies, create jobs
- 31. Why we should not use ES Cells PERSONAL Exploitation of women and their eggs and ES cells Loss of Ownership of eggs and rights to children Black market for embryonic stem cells
- 32. Why we should not use ES Cells SOCIAL Cloned humans Fertilization/Implantation Personalized Selection Race/gender Physical attributes Behavioral characteristics
- 33. Why we should not use ES Cells ENVIRONMENT Accidental or intentional introduction of stems cells into environment may have negative effects Possible Effects Air –Agent Orange Water – Manufactured waste Viral virulent – Swine Flu
- 34. “WHY ARE STEM CELLS SO CONTROVERSIAL?” Genetic Cloning Discussion on ES cell controversy ; does this apply to all stem cell types? What are the ethical implications?
- 35. What’s all the Controversy? Ethical Issues When Does Life Begin Using and Destroying Embryos ES Cells from normal embryos SCNT Process Cloning Humans SCNT Process A mere speck nestled in the eye of a needle, a five-day-old embryo (photographed using an electron microscope) contains controversial stem cells.
- 36. Are Some Cells Exempt? Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells are Exempt Created from human skin cells, not embryos ENGINEERING IPS CELLS
- 37. Church vs. Science Should science dismiss ethical concerns? Develop Public Stem Cell Ethics Boards Should church impose moral value? Should participate on Ethics Boards
- 38. Consequences of Not Using ES Cells Scientific Implication Progress would be slow, and research questions would take more time to answer Fiscal Implication Handful of privately funded labs, not subject to federal oversight, concentration on profit and not advancing knowledge
- 39. Life in Man’s HandsEMBRYONIC STEM CELL RESEARCHQ & A Thank You
Editor's Notes
- PRESENTED BYTobey COLSTONANDYVONNE GAMBLEDRAFT May 4, 2009
- Y.Gamble will give the general introduction that will set the tone for the presentationWhy is this research being done - Man’s quest to bring about an end to disease, and find ways to heal himself. You will get a view of major things that can be done with stem cells technology.Stem cells discovered – In our quest to cure cancer we discovered a burgeoning science. Which opened the door to questions and the vast research you see today.40 year old science – Stem cell usage is not new. It began with bone marrow transplants.Exponential discoveries and understanding – Only through further research and more questions coming to the table can we expect to fully understand this vast technology. We have only scratched the surface.Radical Changes in treatments – Contrary to popular treatments do not last forever. stem cell treatments will usher in changes quickly and substantively.Stop gaps in research – Obstacles in the road to building a new science are truly not there to stop the progress, only to slow it down so we have an opportunity to re-think, ponder, question and go on. During our presentation we will discuss some of these stop gaps that you are aware of and some you may not be aware of.INTRODUCE TOBEY COLSTON
- T. Colston will introduce topic: Definition and scientific explanation of stem cell generation.We know a lot about cells, but there is so much more we need to know. So that we can make the best use of this developing technology.We will cover these four subjects in this segment:What are stem cells?How are stem cells categorized?3 ways stems cells are generatedValue of utilizing stem cells
- T. Colston – What are ES Stem CellsWHAT ARE STEM CELLS?Unspecialized cells – the cell is like a blank slateCan become all cell types in the body – the harvested cell can become whatever you tell it to becomeWHAT MAKES STEM CELLS UNIQUE?Ability to renew & regenerate – we can turn adult stem cells into es stem cellsPotential to differentiate – we can trigger stems cells to morph and become specialized stem cells
- T. Colston – Categorization of Stem CellsTotipotent – can become any cell in the bodyMultipotent – can become only a few types of cellsPluripotent – can become any cell, but cannot become a fetu
- T. Colston – Stem Cell GenerationIntroduce the three types of cell generationNormalSomaticInduced
- T. Colston ES Cells from Normal embryosUtilize normal embryos – tell them where embryos are obtained from and whyIsolate ES cells from blastocysts – explain why we do not take them from older embryosCells are cultured – explain that we currently do not use nutrients from humans, but that we use nutrients from rats which may/may not be cause for concern
- T. Colston – Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer (SCNT)Begin with – a skin cell can be usedInsert into – must be an unfertilized egg [we will need fresh eggs for this process]Stimulate formation – the cell is blanked out therefore it must be stimulated to become an ES cellResult obtained – 100% match, no organ rejection
- T. Colston – Induced Pluripotent Stem CellsInduce adult cells to act like ES Stem Cells – transfect with stem cell genes. Explain the 4 Viral vectors that are transportedHarvest and culture into stem cell line – ES cells 100% match
- T. Colston – Value in using Stem CellsRegenerative medicine treatments – sufferers of MS, Parkinson’s, ADHD can benefitTesting new drugs and medicines – through testing of new drugs and medicines we will be able to determine the best treatments to arrest and cure diseases.Understanding cellular generation – explain how understanding how cells generate will bring about an understanding of how to correct errors caused by disease.INTRODUCE YVONNE GAMBLE WHO WILL PROVIDE A HISTORY ON THE POLITICES OF ES STEM CELL SCIENCE
- Y. Gamble Introduction of Politics of Stem Cell ResearchStem Cell usage and research progressed slowly and was unimpeded by politics since it’s discovery in 1964 and it’s first successful bone marrow transplant in 1968.In 2001 as ES was beginning to take on a life of it’s own, questions of moral and ethics entered the picture and President Bush placed restrictions on federal funding for research.In 2006 and 2007 Congress voted to life the ban and both times President Bush vetoed the bill.
- Y. Gamble – Embryonic Stem Cell Research Funding Ban OverturnedHighlightsAs reported on CNN March 9, 2009 President Obama lifted ban on ES Stem Cell Research, sighting that their must be oversight and not obstacles in ES researchThe move was an effort to take the politics from the science and to stimulate the failing economy.Play video clip – 30 seconds
- Y. Gamble – International Political Perspective on Embryonic Stem Cell ResearchGovernments around the world – United Kingdom accepted the research by allowing stem cell banks to be set-up for tracking, storing and proliferation of stem cell lines in a national registry to assure quality.Countries move aggressively – South Korea’s government has a 3 phase project that injects $10.4M per year with funding, with a pledged total of $152M for 10 years2002-2012. Germany spent $3.5M in 2007. Government Sponsored Cord Banks – Italy has the largest cord bank, located in Milano with 6000 umbilical cord blood units available.INTRODUCE Tobey COLSTON
- T. Colston – Why we should or should not use ES cells – INTRODUCTIONIn this next segment we will give you a view of the Pro’s and Con’s on using ES CellsWe have contrasted the pro’s and con’s in this segmentPro’s: Medical, Environmental, Financial, Military, LegalCon’s: Personal, Social, EnvironmentalAs we discuss each issue we will give you also the opposing view
- T. Colston – Medical – PROAn exponential number of diseases, transplant organs will be able to be treated and provided.This will also decrease our dependency on pharmaceutical drugs to heal or regenerate the bodyThe risk of exposure to virulent will be minimized and addressed by further unimpeded research.
- T. Colston – Environment, Military – PROEnvironment – we can test for and treat expose to toxic chemicals, pollutants and biological agentsMilitary – devices and equipment that can keep our military safe will always be of value as it will protect life.
- T. Colston – Legal, Financial – PROLegal – to address the many law suits that are cropping up, we will set standards of operation practices that provide a set of standards that are governed by a set of lawful standard parameters to work within.Financial – research, oversight entities, new drug treatments, new laws, new technologies are but a few financial areas that will create and enhance industry jobs creations, and stimulate the economy.INTRODUCE YVONNE
- Y. Gamble – Personal – CONExploitation of Women – Women who may be over fertile, running against the biological clock, “at risk” age, impoverished, illegal aliens or teens may be counseled to give up their eggs or ES cells. Will the law stand on their side?Loss of Ownership – what laws will be put in place to determine who owns the eggs? Does the women have rights to any children that are produced as a result of using her eggs. Who will pay for psychological counseling to women who have given up their eggs?Black market for embryonic stem cells – the black market is present in every industry. It is a highly lucrative industry, current laws in place do not protect against it. Measurements and oversight will need to be put in place to address this inevitability.
- Y. Gamble – Social – CONCloned humans – it will come to be. What rights will they have. Will they be looked upon as 100% human or as 1/5 th of a person, or as cattle. How far will we go to create the perfect human what are the goals?Personalized Selection – now that we will be able to select what we look like the impact on society will be great and skewed, as we allow our prejudice to direct our selection choice. Will we create a master race?
- Y. Gamble – Environment – CONAccidents/Intentions - Based on observations and the passage of time it has been proven that the species of man, animal and plant have all evolved and adapted to the changing environment. We do not know what immediate or far reaching affect that accidental or intentional introduction of ES Cells will have on the environment.Possible effectsAgent Orange – sprayed during Vietnam War caused birth defects, brain damage, US government is still denying it’s far reaching effects.Water – manufacturing companies dump billions of gallons of waste water into rivers, streams, lakes and oceans everyday. How do we stop a replicating ES cell? Is there a law for this?Viral virulent – blank ES cells can be encoded to do whatever set of instructions they are encoded to perform without question. No amount of financial stimulation, economic growth can stop them.
- Y. Gamble – Why Are Stem Cells So Controversial? – INTRODUCTIONFrom all the questions that were raised in the previous segment we can only work towards addressing all the issues that are present today and those that arise tomorrow.In this segment we will look at the ES cell controversy , and does this apply to all stem cell types. And look at the ethical implications?What’s all the controversy?Are some cells exempt?Ethics and Morals vs. Disease and Economics
- Ethical issuesUsing ES - From an ethical, moral standpoint, we must realize that we cannot make life. We can only manipulate.U
- Exemptions are based on harvesting and usageAdult stem cells have never been banned, because there is no loss of life or the organisms “condition of life”
- Should science dismiss ethical concerns? No you cannot dismiss ethical concerns. The minute we stop asking the question if what we are doing is right we simply seal our fate to certain destruction of mankind as we know it.Should church impose moral value? The Church should remain a moral barometer. However, some feel that whatever degree of immorality is associated with the killing of spare embryos, it is more than compensated for by the potential benefit to humanity of stem cell research.
- If we did not use Embryonic Stem Cells – our understanding of how diseases arise and how to develop treatment and therapies would be hindered.If we did not allow or have federal funding there would be no federal oversight. Concentration would be on profits instead of medical advancement and free transfer of knowledge.