1.
Lecture 10
Introduction to Software
Engineering & Information
Technology
Lecturer: Sumaira Hussain

2.
software is any set of machine-
readable instructions that directs a
computer's processor to perform
specific operations.
Software

3.
Application software consists of programs designed
to make users more productive and/or assist with
personal tasks
To make business activities more efficient
To assist with graphics and multimedia projects
To support home, personal, and educational tasks
To facilitate communications
Application Software

4.
Application Software
Available in a variety of forms:
Packaged software
Custom software
Web application
Open source software
Shareware
Freeware
Public-domain software

5.
System software
System software serves as the
interface between the user, the
application software, and the
computer’s hardware
–Utility programs

6.
Business Software
Business software is application software that assists
people while performing business activities
Word Processing
Spreadsheet
Database Presentation
Note taking
Personal information manager
Business software for phones
Business software suites
Project management
Accounting
Document management
Enterprise computing software

7.
Web page authoring
software helps users
of all skill levels
create Web pages
that include
multimedia and
interactive content
Graphics and Multimedia
Software

8.
Software for Home, Personal, and Educational
Use
Personal finance software
Legal software
Tax preparation software
Personal DTP software
Personal paint/image editing software
Personal photo editing software
Clip art/image gallery
Video and audio editing software
Home design/landscaping software
Travel and mapping software
Reference software
Educational software
Entertainment software

9.
Web Applications
A Web application (Web app) is a Web site that
allows users to access and interact with software
from any computer or device that is connected to
the Internet

10.
Application Software for Communications
Web Browser
E-Mail
Instant Messaging
Chat Room
Text, Picture, Video Messaging
RSS Aggregator
Blogging
Newsgroup/Message Board
FTP
VoIP (Internet Telephony)
Video Conferencing

11.
The IEEE definition:
Software Engineering: (1) The application of a systematic,
disciplined, quantifiable approach to the development,
operation, and maintenance of software; that is, the application
of engineering to software. (2) The study of approaches as in
(1).
The seminal definition:
[Software engineering is] the establishment and use of
sound engineering principles in order to obtain
economically software that is reliable and works
efficiently on real machines.
SOFTWARE ENGINEERING
DEFINITION

12.
IMPORTANCE OF SOFTWARE
ENGINEERING
• More and more, individuals and society rely on advanced
software systems. We need to be able to produce reliable and
trustworthy systems economically and quickly.
• It is usually cheaper, in the long run, to use software
engineering methods and techniques for software systems
rather than just write the programs as if it was a personal
programming project. For most types of system, the majority of
costs are the costs of changing the software after it has gone
into use.

13.
FAQ ABOUT SOFTWARE ENGINEERING
Question Answer
What is software? Computer programs, data structures and associated
documentation. Software products may be developed for
a particular customer or may be developed for a general
market.
What are the attributes of good software? Good software should deliver the required functionality
and performance to the user and should be
maintainable, dependable and usable.
What is software engineering? Software engineering is an engineering discipline that is
concerned with all aspects of software production.
What is the difference between software
engineering and computer science?
Computer science focuses on theory and fundamentals;
software engineering is concerned with the practicalities
of developing and delivering useful software.
What is the difference between software
engineering and system engineering?
System engineering is concerned with all aspects of
computer-based systems development including
hardware, software and process engineering. Software
engineering is part of this more general process.

14.
ENGINEERING PROCESS MODEL
• Specification: Set out the requirements and
constraints on the system.
• Design: Produce a model of the system.
• Manufacture: Build the system.
• Test: Check the system meets the required
specifications.
• Install: Deliver the system to the customer and
ensure it is operational.
• Maintain: Repair faults in the system as they
are discovered.

15.
GENERIC SOFTWARE PROCESS
MODELS
• Waterfall
• Separate and distinct phases of specification and
development
• Evolutionary
• Specification and development are interleaved
• Formal Transformation
• A mathematical system model is formally transformed to an
implementation
• Reuse-based
• The system is assembled from existing components

16.
WATERFALL PROCESS MODEL

17.
DEFINITION OF INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY
• Information technology is the technology that uses computing
with high speed communication links to spread information
from one place to another.
• Computer is a very important component of information
technology
• The world has become “global village” due to advancement in
IT.

18.
DEFINING INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY
• Information Technologies are systems of
hardware and/or software that capture,
process, exchange, store and/or present
information using electrical, magnetic
and/or electromagnetic energy.

19.
ADVANTAGES OF IT
• Increases production and saves time
• Improves communication through communication
technology
• Improves data storage and file management
• Improves financial management
• Electronic Bill Presentation and Payment
• Improved entertainment
• Globalization of knowledge

20.
DISADVANTAGES OF IT
• Implementation Expenses
• Job Elimination
• Internet security issues
• Privacy
• Cyber-sickness
• Social implications